Exploring the characteristic culture of Guangxi Source: 24-year-old youth class Author: Lai Fuqiang Click Number: 519 Release Time: May 211/39: 52: 55

Guangxi's long history, unique geological features, location advantages along the coast, multi-ethnic settlements and changes and development in different periods have bred its unique local culture, which is rich and colorful.

one is landscape culture. The landscape of Guangxi in the nail art world has built the soul of landscape culture with Guangxi characteristics. The unique charm of Guangxi's landscape culture is reflected from the landscape poems of literati in past dynasties to all kinds of stone carvings in a thousand years, from Xu Xiake's footprints in Bagui to modern people's travels in Guangxi, from thousands of years' legends to the emergence of Lijiang painting school. Looking for the experience of landscape culture in Guangxi makes people feel happy physically and mentally, and their understanding is doubled. After historical precipitation, Guangxi has a very classic landscape culture. For example, the landscape culture in northern Guangxi, a classic combination with the theme of Guilin landscape, not only has the cultural brand and legendary stories left by three mountains, two caves and one river (Elephant Trunk Mountain, Fubo Mountain, Diecai Mountain, reed flute cave, Qixingyan and Lijiang River) in the long history, but also has the rich landscape culture precipitated in many places such as the Duxiufeng of Guilin Wangfu, Xing 'an Lingqu and Guihai Forest of Steles, which allows people to experience the culture in the landscape and understand the landscape in the culture. Experience "Jiang Zuoqing Luodai, the mountains are like jade hairpin", "God in the clouds, the fairy in the fog, the mountain in Guilin! Love is as deep as it is, dreams are as beautiful as it is, and love is like the water of Lijiang River. The excitement and feelings of celebrities in ancient and modern times and at home and abroad when visiting the Lijiang River have become the soul of this "most beautiful river in the world" that condenses landscape culture. Another example is the landscape culture of Xu Xiake's footprints in Guangxi. Xu Xiake's Travels is a masterpiece of literature and geography in ancient China. Of the more than 6, words in Xu Xiake's Travels, 21, words are used to describe and record Guangxi, which has left a very rich stroke for Guangxi's landscape culture. In the early April of the Lunar New Year in 1637, Xu Xiake entered Guangxi from Hunan, and visited Quanzhou, Xing 'an, Guilin, Yongfu, Liuzhou, Liucheng, Rongxian, Xiangzhou, Wuxuan, Guiping, Luchuan, Yulin, Beiliu, Rongxian, Guixian, Hengxian, Yongning, Nanning, Long 'an, Tiandeng and Daxin. At the end of March of the lunar calendar in 1638, he entered Guizhou from Nandan. Xu Xiake has been in Guangxi for a whole year and has traveled all over most parts of Guangxi. Travels not only has high literary value, but also has high scientific value. He is the first scholar to systematically study the karst landform in Guangxi. Through careful observation and analysis, he gave a scientific explanation of the causes of caves, stalactites, undercurrents, sinkholes and funnel depressions. Xu Xiake's footprint in Guangxi is an ideal choice if he wants to have a dialogue with the ancients about landscape culture. Hongshuihe strange stone culture is one of the essences of landscape culture in Guangxi. Hongshui River is the main stream of the upper reaches of the Xijiang River in the Pearl River system, and it is named because the water flowing through the red sand shell rocks is reddish brown. Along the way, there are peaks and valleys, and the riverbed is deep. Hongshuihe stone world is wonderful. In recent years, Hongshui River is famous for producing strange stones. Nature's uncanny workmanship is amazing. The strange stone of Hongshuihe River was bitten by the rapids. Hongshuihe is like a talented sculptor, carving pieces of lifeless stones into pieces that are hard, vivid, full of life and loved by everyone. Regardless of the size and taste, each stone has its own theme, mood and style, and it is amazing that each stone leads the way and does not give in to each other. Hongshui River Stone has created a strange stone market and a strange stone culture in Guangxi, making Hongshui River a veritable "river of strange stones in the world". In recent years, stone appreciation has become a fashion, which can be said that different people have different opinions, and the strange stone culture has become more and more popular. Strange stones have also become the favorite of many collectors. Starting from Hongshui River in Guangxi, you can have an unexpected in-depth experience of strange stone culture.

the second is history and culture. Brilliant and long history and culture are the essence of Guangxi culture. Ancient culture, prehistoric civilization, ancient towns and villages, anti-Japanese war culture, etc., spread all over Bagui. How to choose the essence of history and culture in this vast sea of history is a tricky problem. Only according to the unearthed cultural relics, archaeological discoveries and the excavation status of cultural heritage (including intangible heritage) in various places can we find the ideal essence of Guangxi history and culture. Ancient culture and prehistoric civilization are scattered all over Bagui, which is an important part of Guangxi's history and culture, and there are many prominent places. For example, Bailian Cave, the site of Liujiang Man, is located on Lianhua Mountain in the southern suburb of Liuzhou. It is a Paleolithic cultural site, and it is the first comprehensive museum of cave science research proposed by Professor Pei Wenzhong, a famous anthropologist, and displays a large number of fossils of ancient humans and mammals. About 5 thousand years ago, "Bailiandong people" had been able to sew clothes, use fire and cooked food, and formed the Bailiandong culture. Bailiandong culture and its vicinity occupy a very important position in anthropology, and Bailiandong site has become a scientific research place, popular science classroom and tourist attraction that Chinese and foreign anthropologists pay attention to. However, the Paleolithic sites in Baise Basin found in the strata 8, years ago, including stone tools processing plants and fire remains, indicate that a group of ancient humans lived in Baise Basin later than 8, years ago. These ancient humans once made tools here and lit bonfires to keep warm or barbecue food in the cold winter. Such as Damei Site in Youjiang District of Baise City, Pohong Site in Tiandong County and Nalai Site in Tianyang County. It proves that the so-called "two cultural circles" theory put forward by anthropologist Mo Weisi of Harvard University in the United States is not valid. The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of China Academy of Sciences has successively discovered more than 1 important fossils and cultural relics of ancient humans and vertebrates in Laibin, Liuzhou, Liucheng, Guilin, Lipu, Baise and Lingshan, and Guangxi has become another hot spot for paleoanthropology research after Zhoukoudian in Beijing. Among them, there are four important discoveries: Qilinshan man, Liujiang man, Bailiandong man and Zan Piyan man, Baise ancient human cultural site, Dingsi mountain site in Nanning and so on. What is more worth mentioning is the "ancient civilization of Zuojiang". On the cliffs hundreds of kilometers across Zuojiang River, portraits of people, animals and utensils painted with ochre red pigment are painted flat. The picture is generally 2-4 meters away from the river, and the highest is about 12 meters. Portraits vary in size, some are 3 meters, and some are only 4 to 5 centimeters. According to the comprehensive investigation in 1985, 79 locations, 178 places and 28 groups of cliff paintings in Zuojiang River Basin have been found. Ningming Huashan Cliff Mural, with its large scale, spectacular scenes and numerous images, ranks first among Zuojiang Cliff Paintings, and is the representative of Zuojiang Cliff Paintings. A good tourist attraction has been built here. Guangxi Museum is a good place to experience the history and culture of Guangxi. Besides unearthed cultural relics and archaeological discoveries, there are many kinds of history and culture, such as bronze drum culture, intangible culture and so on. In recent years, the development of ancient towns and villages in Guangxi has become an important scenic spot to experience the historical and cultural journey. Known as the "dream home", Huangyao ancient town in Zhaoping preserves one of the most complete ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. The ancient town was built according to the layout of Jiugong Bagua Map, which was built in the Kaibao period of the Song Dynasty and developed greatly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Today's ancient town retains the complete ancient buildings of Ming and Qing dynasties, revealing a long history and past prosperity. Dalu Village in Lingshan, Qinzhou is one of the larger residential buildings in Guangxi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The building structure and functions are complete, and the architectural style of Lingnan mansion in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties is obvious, showing a strong sense of patriarchal clan system. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the ancient house is quiet and secluded, with a large number of cultural relics and treasures such as Wen Tianxiang's handwriting, which bears witness to the glory of history. The most precious thing is that there are more than 3 pairs of couplets created in Ming and Qing dynasties, which have precious research value and appreciation value in humanities and history, so it is also known as "the first village of China couplets". The Yangmei ancient town in Nanning was built in the Song Dynasty, which was a commodity distribution center of nearly 1 kilometers in Fiona Fang at that time. It was also a base for the revolutionary activities of Huang Xing and Liang Lieya of the Revolution of 1911, with famous scenic spots such as Kuixing Building, a street in the Qing Dynasty and ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many ancient villages and towns in Guangxi, such as Gaoshan Village in Yulin, Pangcun in Xingye, Xiushui Village in Fuchuan, Dawei Town in Lingchuan, and the old street in Jingxi, which are well protected and developed in various places and are ideal places to experience Guangxi's history and culture. In the aspect of Guangxi's anti-Japanese war culture, there are a lot of arrangements and excavations, which are difficult to list here. During the Anti-Japanese War, Guilin, as the cultural capital of the Kuomintang-controlled areas, attracted people from all over the country, including Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Liu Yazi, Xia Yan and Tian Han. After these famous cultural figures came to Guilin, they set up various social organizations with their colleagues in Guilin, and launched a vigorous cultural movement against Japan and saving the nation through radio broadcasting, publishing newspapers and magazines, holding various exhibitions and cultural performances. The Battle of Kunlunguan in Nanning is the result of the decision of the China National Government to launch a counterattack and the "No.1 Battle" plan launched by the Japanese aggressor army authorities. It is the core battle of the whole battle in southern. This war was the first glorious example of China's army defeating the Japanese "steel army" with a tough battle. In the history of modern war in China, it was indeed a brilliant stroke worthy of admiration by future generations.

the third is national culture. Guangxi is a multi-ethnic region, with 12 ethnic groups, including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui and Gelao, as well as 25 ethnic groups. The colorful and unique culture of ethnic minorities is an important part of Guangxi local culture and a treasure of Chinese national culture. Guangxi national culture, symbolized by the five characteristics of "singing, jumping, blowing, fighting and stepping", has penetrated into the daily life of ethnic minorities all over Guangxi, which is an important expression of national culture and the most important aspect for people to experience Guangxi national culture. Singing, that is, singing folk songs, is an important way of life for ethnic minorities in Lingnan, especially Zhuang people. "Dance", that is, dancing, is an important form of expression in the folk culture of ethnic minorities in Guangxi. The content of "dance" is very rich, such as Zhuang, Yao and Yi all dance bronze drums, Dong, Miao and Yi all dance Lusheng dance, and so on. "Blow" means playing, such as blowing reeds or even blowing leaves. This is the main content of folk activities of many ethnic minorities in Guangxi, especially the Miao and Dong nationalities in Guangxi. "Fighting" is a folk activity passed down by many ethnic minorities in Guangxi. The content of "fighting" animals is very rich, including Touma, bullfighting, cockfighting, fighting birds and fighting dogs. "Stepping" means stepping on the hall, walking on stilts, and stepping on the sea of fire. In the experience of Guangxi national culture, Liu Sanjie's culture is its essence. In Yizhou, the birthplace of Liu Sanjie, and Liuzhou and Guilin, where Liu Sanjie's culture developed and spread, there are many scenic spots that can deeply experience Liu Sanjie's culture, such as Liuhezhai in Yizhou, Yufeng Mountain in Liuzhou, and Liu Sanjie's amorous feelings garden in Guilin and so on. The cultural route of ethnic customs in northern Guangxi is a classic embodiment of Guangxi national culture. Liuzhou-Rongshui-Sanjiang-Longsheng-Guilin has concentrated the "four unique customs" of national culture in Lingnan area. "Zhuang's songs, Yao's dances, Miao's festivals and Dong's bridges" constitute the most classic Lingnan "four unique customs", which is very impressive. Of course, many ethnic autonomous counties and townships in Guangxi are places where ethnic cultures are stored and experienced. What best reflects Guangxi's national culture is the perennial traditional festivals of ethnic minorities. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 33 large and small festivals in Guangxi, and on average, there are festivals almost every day.

the fourth is religious culture. The religious culture in Guangxi can be divided into primitive religious culture and foreign religious culture. Most of the sacrificial ceremonies held by Guangxi folk at a fixed time every year retain the form of primitive religion. Especially for some secular folk sacrificial activities, the hosts are often authoritative middle-aged and elderly people elected by the public or so-called clergy who are influential in the local area. For example, in the southwest of Guangxi, the "Sacrifice to the Moon and Ask God" is held in the first month or August of each year. By offering sacrifices to the Moon God, the Moon God is invited to "be possessed" and come down to earth to talk with people. This kind of ceremony mostly retains the legacy of religious activities in the early clan society, that is, religious activities are for the whole people and presided over by national leaders. In Donglan, Fengshan, Nandan, Tian 'e and other places in the northwest of Guangxi, a religious sacrifice ceremony with frogs as the object of worship is held on the first day of the first month of each year. At that time, all the men, women and children in the village will look around for frogs, and the first person to find frogs will fire a cannon to report the news. The first person to find frogs is of course the host of the sacrifice. In Jingxi area, annual activities of offering sacrifices to Spatholobus suberectus and gongs are held, in which the villagers elect highly respected people in the village to preside over offering sacrifices to the ancestors' gods, and then, under the guidance of the elders, everyone rings the gongs around a thick Spatholobus suberectus placed on a stake, while dancing wildly, praying for a bumper harvest and the safety of people and animals. Although there was no unified and strict religious organization and doctrine in the history of Guangxi ancestors, folk sacrifices to natural gods and ancestors included sacrifices to distant ancestors and even deceased relatives, and the forms of sacrifices were similar to each other. In addition to offering sacrifices according to the age, some ethnic customs passed down from generation to generation were held in various places. The Longmu Temple in Wuzhou, the largest primitive religious site in Guangxi, is more influential than others. The foreign religions in Guangxi mainly include Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism and Confucianism. Eastern Guangxi is the main route to experience Guangxi's religious culture. From Wuzhou-Yulin-Guigang, there are many influential religious tourist attractions. In terms of Taoist culture, there are 36 caves in China, among which there are three caves in Guangxi, accounting for one twelfth of the total number of caves in China, all in eastern Guangxi. According to the ranking of Taoist caves, caves in Guangxi rank twentieth, twenty-first and twenty-second respectively. They are: Dujiao Mountain Cave in Rong County-18 Li Zhou Hui, named Baoxuan Cave Heaven, in Puning County of Rong State, the immortal Liu radically cured it. The Baishi Cave in Guiping, which is seven miles back to the Zhou Dynasty, is called Xiule Changzhentian, which is located in the south of Nanhai in Yulin, and in Yunhe, hanshan county, Guizhou, and is ruled by the white people. Zhou Hui Si Li, a leaky cave in Beiliu, is called Jade Que Bao Gui Tian. It is in Beiliu County, Rongzhou, and belongs to the immortal Qian Zhenren. In terms of Buddhist culture, eastern Guangxi has a decisive influence in Lingnan area. Xishan Mountain in Guiping is a famous Buddhist mountain in China, also known as Siling Mountain. Known as "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world, and it is also half the mountain in Xuncheng". This "half mountain" refers to the western hills of Guiping. There is water vapor washing in Xishan Mountain, which is like a cloud in the sky, without dust pollution, and there are towering old trees, sweet springs, rugged rocks and winding stone paths, which have the reputation of "fairyland on earth". The resident of Guangxi Buddhist Association is located in Xishan, Guiping City. Although it is less than two kilometers away from the urban area of Guiping City, it is a very quiet place of practice. Xishan is one of the earliest places where Buddhism spread in Guangxi. As early as the Tang Dynasty, some people became monks in caves on the mountain. In the Song Dynasty, the upper temple-Nanhua Ancient Temple was built, and in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the lower temple-Xishi Temple was built. In modern times, many eminent monks in the Buddhist circles in China have served as abbots in temples in Xishan, among them are the nationally famous eminent monks, Master Juzan, who was the secretary-general of Guangxi Buddhist Association and the vice-president of the National Buddhist Association, and Master Shi Jueguang, who is currently the president of the Hong Kong Buddhist Federation. Master Shi Kuanneng, a famous Buddhist master and executive director of the Chinese Buddhist Association, came to Xiasi Xishi Temple in 1949 to preside over Buddhism. He died in 1989 and never left Xishan again. When he was nirvana in 1989, he left three Buddhist relics, which not only showed that the master was a Taoist monk, but also proved that Xishan was.