However, in 2005, some researchers claimed to have seen this bird in eastern Arkansas. A subspecies of this bird, the Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker (C. principalis bairdii), is considered extinct, while another related species, the Mexican Imperial Woodpecker (C. imperialis), is extremely endangered and may even be extinct. Edit the species and distribution of this paragraph. Crimson woodpecker? A general term for birds of the family Parturidae. The mouth is as stiff as a chisel; The tongue is long and flexible, with a short hook at the top; Feet are slightly shorter, with 4 toes, 2 toes forward and 2 toes backward; The tail is flat or wedge-shaped, and the tail feathers are mostly 12. Feather stems are hard and elastic, supporting the body when pecking at wood. You can see it except Oceania and Antarctica. It is distributed all over China. The common species of black-pillow green woodpecker is about 30 cm long. All green. Male has erythema on his head. In summer, they often live in deep forests, and in winter, they migrate to bushes near plain mountains and drift with food. Call often, 4 ~ 7 times at a time, and some call 5 ~ 6 times a minute. Climbing trees to catch insects for food and foraging on the ground. Most people eat insects in spring and summer and plants in autumn and winter. Nest in a tree hole. Eggs are pure white. He stayed in Norway all the year round, and some went to Japan via Germany and Russia in the east and the Alps, Balkans and Southeast Asia in the south. China is distributed all over the country except Inner Mongolia. Black woodpecker Woodpecker is a famous forest beneficial bird. Its chisel marks can not only kill pests such as longicorn larvae under the bark, but also be used as an indicator of healthy forest logging, so it is called forest doctor. White-bellied black woodpecker is a national second-class protected animal in China. There are about 180 species in the world, which are famous for pecking insects out of trees and pecking holes in dead bodies to build nests. Woodpeckers are distributed almost all over the world except Australia and New Guinea, but mainly inhabit South America and Southeast Asia. Most woodpeckers live in one area. There are also some woodpeckers in temperate regions, such as the yellow-bellied woodpecker and the woodpecker in North America. It is a migratory bird. There are about 180 to 200 species of red-headed woodpeckers, which are famous for searching for insects in bark and digging holes in dead wood to build nests. Most woodpeckers are resident birds, and a few species have the habit of migration. Most woodpeckers spend their lives in the forest, hovering up and down the trunk in search of insects; Only a few species foraging on the ground can perch on branches like passerine birds. Most woodpeckers feed on insects, but some species feed on fruits. Juice-sucking woodpeckers usually suck the juice of some trees in a certain season. In spring, male woodpeckers occupying their respective fields will sing loudly, often peck at hollow tree trunks and occasionally knock on metal to increase their voices, but in other seasons, woodpeckers are usually silent. Woodpeckers are mostly non-social and often live alone or in pairs. Different kinds of woodpeckers vary greatly in size, ranging from more than ten centimeters to more than forty centimeters. For example, the woodpecker is about 15 cm long, and the North American black woodpecker is about 47 cm long. Woodpeckers can jump between tree trunks and branches at amazing speed. They can stand firmly on the vertical trunk, which is related to the structure of their feet. Woodpecker's feet have two toes facing forward, green woodpecker faces one side and one back, and toes have sharp claws. Woodpecker's tail feathers are hard and can be supported on the trunk to provide extra support for the body. They usually tap the trunk with their beaks, looking for insects hidden in the bark. After confirmation, their hard beaks can quickly peck a deep hole in the bark and stick out their long tongues like lightning to catch insects. Acorn woodpeckers are about 20 cm long and live in the northwest of North America to Colombia. The red-headed woodpecker and the acorn woodpecker are about the same length, about 19 ~ 23 cm. It is widely distributed and can be seen in open woodlands, farms and orchards. Red-backed woodpeckers are distributed in forests from India to the Philippines. Green woodpeckers live in warm areas of Europe and Africa. The red-bellied woodpecker lives in the deciduous forest belt in the southeastern United States. The imperial woodpecker, also known as the white-billed woodpecker, is native to northern Mexico. Feathers are black, with white spots on wings and neck. The male, with a red crest and a white beak, is the largest known woodpecker. Male adult birds can reach 60 cm in length. Emperor penguin woodpecker and Tristram woodpecker are endangered animals. The white-bellied black woodpecker distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian and other places in China is a national second-class protected animal. Different calls have different names: the velvet woodpecker and the spotted woodpecker repeatedly make sharp calls; It sounds like a drum when an alarm is sounded. The cry of the white-browed brown woodpecker: a scream is repeated several times; Send out a quick and continuous kih when calling the police? kih？ kih？ kih？ Kih cried. The call of the red-breasted woodpecker: loud single chip and sharp chirp. The star-headed woodpecker cries: Kiki KiRRR … trill. Black woodpecker's cry: loud krri-krri-krri sound and clear klee-ay sound when warning or flying. In spring, the clear voice shouted "Kwee-Kwee-Kwee-Kwee-Kwee-Kwee", with the same ending. Also known as nasal cackling. The sound of big wood lasts for 2~3 seconds. The call of the big yellow-crowned woodpecker is mainly a slow "chop" or "chop, chop" followed by an intermittent urgent sound. The call of the scaly-bellied green woodpecker: the sweet audio-visual wind chimes in Kerry Valley; Occasionally, there is a long nasal cheenk sound, repeating 10~ 15 seconds. The chisel gave a vibration. Woodpecker is a kind of beneficial bird. There are no woodpeckers and few trees. Without trees, there would be no oxygen. Without oxygen, there would be no human beings. So, we should protect woodpeckers! When courting, the male woodpecker will beat rhythmically on the hollow tree trunk with his hard mouth, making a crisp "Benedict" sound, like sending a telegram, and can't wait to pour out his love to the female bird. Woodpecker with ivory beak Forest Doctor Woodpecker mainly eats beetles, cysticercosis larvae, weevils, fake beetles, scarabs, moths, bedbugs, moth eggs, ants and so on. Some pests lurk deep in the trees and kill them alive. Only woodpeckers can take it off the trunk.
Because woodpeckers' staple food is pests, it is very beneficial to prevent and control forest pests and develop forestry, so everyone calls them "forest doctors". Woodpeckers are common resident birds, and there are green woodpeckers and spotted woodpeckers widely distributed in China. The reason why woodpeckers' tongues grow in their nostrils is that oak woodpeckers' tongues are slender and elastic. Its tongue base is elastic connective tissue, which goes out from the lower palate, goes up around the back skull, enters the right nostril in front of the head and is fixed, leaving only the left nostril to breathe. This "elastic knife device" can make the tongue stick out of the beak 12 cm, and the tip of the tongue has a short hook. The reason why woodpeckers don't have concussion 1979 American scientist Mei and others trained a woodpecker in California and recorded it with a high-speed camera with 2000 frames per second. Results The maximum speed of woodpecker's head reached 7m/s, and it slowed down to zero only 0.5 milliseconds after hitting the tree, and the moving time was 8-25 milliseconds each time. The acceleration during deceleration reaches 1500g, that is to say, in this short period of 0.5 milliseconds, it bears the gravity acceleration of 1500 times. How can woodpeckers keep their heads from being damaged under such conditions? It turns out that the woodpecker's skull is very strong, and there is a layer of cancellous bone around the brain, which contains liquid, which can play a role in buffering and damping external forces. Its skull is also covered with muscles with shock absorption function, which can keep the beak tip and head in a straight line all the time, so that its head can move strictly along a straight line when pecking at wood. If the woodpecker's head tilts slightly when pecking at wood, this rotation combined with the impact of pecking at wood will damage its brain. It is precisely because the tip of the beak and the head of a woodpecker are always in a straight line that even if it pecks wood more than1.20 thousand times a day, it can withstand strong earthquake forces all the year round. The living environment forest in this section not only has fertile soil, changeable terrain and complex climatic conditions, but also breeds rich plant groups from low to high, as well as various forest wild animals from insects to birds and beasts, forming a complex natural complex. The pests in the forest, such as COLEOPTERA weevil, Tenebrio beetle, Cerambycidae, Lepidoptera debt moth, moth, stinkbug flower, stinkbug, locust, ant and grub, are all natural enemies of the forest. If serious pests occur in a large area of dense forest, it will bring great losses. Spraying chemical pesticides by plane is not only costly, but also pollutes the environment. It is difficult to control the pests hidden under the bark or even drilling into xylem, especially cysticercus cellulosae, longicorn larvae, grubs, termites and so on. By manual control. On the other hand, woodpeckers have excellent ability to catch insects. Its mouth is hard and sharp, which can not only peck open the bark, but also peck open the hard wood part, much like a chisel used in carpentry. Its tongue is slender and soft, and it can stick out of its mouth. There are also a pair of long tongue angles around the skull, which play a special role as a spring. The flexion of the hyoid angle can make the tongue stretch freely, keratinize the tip of the tongue and arrange it in rows. Every morning, they begin to pat the trunk with their mouths and say "DuDu, DuDu …" in the silent forest. If they find insects somewhere in the trunk, they will climb tightly on the tree with their heads and mouths almost perpendicular to the trunk. First, they peck through the bark, hook out the pests with their tongues and eat them, and stick the eggs out with mucus. When a bug hides in the passage deep in the trunk, it will skillfully use the trick of "drumming to repel insects", tapping the passage with its mouth and making a specific drumming sound, which will make the pests turn around and move around under the stimulation of sound waves, often trying to escape from the hole, but just being caught and eaten by woodpeckers waiting here. Generally, they have to completely eliminate the small cysticercosis of the whole tree before they can be transferred to another tree. When they meet a tree with serious pests, they will work on it for several days until all the pests are removed. When woodpeckers come in spring, male woodpeckers will make a loud cry, which is that they are stretching their territory and warning others not to invade. Because of the resonance of tree holes, these calls are often particularly loud. Woodpeckers are especially quiet in other seasons. Woodpeckers don't stand on branches like other birds. They climbed on the upright trunk. Generally, birds all have four toes, with three toes facing forward and one toe facing backward; Woodpecker's four toes, two forward and two backward, have sharp claws at the toes. Its tail is wedge-shaped, and its quill is hard and rich, which makes it a pillar to support the body when climbing. In this way, woodpeckers can grab the trunk and slide down, or they can jump on the trunk, jump up and down, or crawl in circles to both sides without moving the trunk quickly. Woodpeckers have long, hard, sharp mouths. They knock on tree trunks and can accurately find the hiding place of pests by sound. During the "operation", the mouth is like a chisel, pecking away the bark, chiseling out a hole and inserting it directly into the nest in the wood. Stretch out a specious earthworm tongue, which can stretch out of the mouth 14cm. It is an elastic connective tissue connected with the base of tongue. This extended part comes out from under the maxilla, extends upward around the posterior skull, and enters the right nostril in front of the top of the brain for fixation. When the base of the tongue slides out of the lower jaw, the tongue can stretch out very long. There is a colloidal liquid on the tongue that can stick to insects. Some woodpeckers have thin hooks on the tip of their tongues, which are sticky and planing, so that insects can't escape. If the nest passage is curved or the wormhole is deep and the woodpecker's long tongue can't reach it, he will use the sound wave harassment tactics. After it detects the position of the wormhole, it hits it with its choking beak, either down, left or right, which resonates with the pores of the trunk. The insects hiding inside feel attacked on all sides and flee everywhere, which gives woodpeckers a chance to search. According to the survey, woodpeckers can peck wood 500-600 times a day, and the speed of pecking wood each time reaches 555m/s, which is 1.4 times that of high-speed in the air, while the speed of shaking their heads is faster, 580m/s, which is faster than the speed of bullets. Woodpeckers knock on trees about 500-600 times a day, and peck at wood very fast, almost twice the speed of sound, so its head is bound to be subjected to very violent vibration, but it will neither have a concussion nor a headache. It turns out that woodpeckers have at least three layers of shock-proof devices on their heads. Its skull is loose and full of air, and there is a tough outer meninges inside the skull. There is a narrow gap between the outer meninges and the brain marrow, which contains liquid, which reduces the liquid transmission of shock waves and plays a role in shock absorption. Because sudden rotational movement is more likely to cause brain damage than linear horizontal movement, it has developed and powerful muscles on both sides of its head, which can play a role in earthquake prevention and shock absorption. This ingenious shockproof setting principle provides a correct design scheme for the safety sports protective cap and shockproof helmet of shockproof engineering. Modern protective caps all have a hard shell with a soft cover inside, and there is a certain gap between them, and a protective ring is added in the cap to prevent the rotational movement when suddenly colliding. These are the inspirations from studying the habits and anatomy of woodpeckers.