Su Shi has two characters, one is Zizhan and the other is Hezhong.

Su Shi

〖Character Profile〗

< p> Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, also known as "Dongpo Jushi", was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan). He was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty). He, his father Su Xun, and his younger brother Su Zhe are both famous for their literature, and they are known as the "Three Sus" in the world; they are as famous as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty. Su Shi, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong of the Song Dynasty are collectively known as the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, they are known as the calligraphers who best represent the achievements of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty, and are collectively known as the "Four Calligraphers of the Song Dynasty".

His father Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "begins to get angry at the age of twenty-seven". Although Su Xun got angry late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's diligent study, it would have been impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at a young age, let alone "study the classics and history, and write thousands of words a day" when he was still young, and it would be even less possible for him to have a literary career in the future. Everyone.

In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was twenty-one years old, left Sichuan for the first time to go to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. In the following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his article "On the Perfection of Honesty and Honesty in Punishments and Rewards", and was awarded a high school Jinshi.

In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign, Su Shi took the high school examination, which is commonly known as the "three-year Beijing inspection". He entered the third class and was awarded the title of judge of Dali and the judge of Fengxiang Prefecture. Later, when his father died of illness in Bianjing, Ding You returned home to support the funeral. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court after serving, and was still granted his post.

Su Shi has not been in the capital for several years, and great changes have taken place in the court. After Shenzong ascended the throne, he appointed Wang Anshi to support the reform. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing due to disagreements with the new king Anshi on the implementation of the new law. The old rain in the government and the field has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty.

Su Shi saw the harm caused by the new law to ordinary people on his way back to Beijing, so he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi's approach. He believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter to oppose it. One result of this was that, like his mentors and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not tolerated by the court. So Su Shi asked to be released to the outside world and was transferred to Hangzhou Tongpan.

Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term was completed, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places as magistrate.

This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi encountered the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss about it. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and "slandered the emperor and prime minister in writing". This is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history.

Su Shi spent 103 days in jail and was almost on the verge of being beheaded. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty made a national policy not to kill ministers during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi escaped.

After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civil self-defense forces). This position was quite humble. At this time, Su Shi had become discouraged after going to prison. In his spare time, he led his family to reclaim wasteland and farm to help make ends meet. It was at this time that he gave himself the nickname "Dongpo Lay Scholar".

In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died.

Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took over the government, the New Party forces collapsed, and Sima Guang was re-appointed as prime minister. Su Shi was summoned back to the court that year as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren, and soon he was promoted to Hanlin bachelor's degree.

As the saying goes: "It's not easy to be a Beijing official." When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new laws, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again proposed to the emperor Advice.

Su Shi could neither be tolerated by the new party nor forgiven by the old party, so he once again asked for external transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou to serve as the governor after an absence of sixteen years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredging the West Lake and using the excavated mud to build a dam next to the West Lake, which is also the famous "Su Causeway".

Su Shi lived very comfortably in Hangzhou, comparing himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuanyou, he was recalled to the court. But soon he was exiled to Yingzhou due to political differences. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), the new party came to power again. On the charge of "ridiculing the previous dynasty", he was demoted to Huizhou resettlement, and then demoted to Danzhou (now Dan County, Hainan Province) Biejia and Changhuajun resettlement. When Huizong came to the throne, he transferred Lianzhou resettlement, Shuzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy, and Yongzhou resettlement. In the third year of Yuanfu (1101), a general amnesty was granted, and he was reinstated as Chaofeng Lang. On his way back to the north, he died in Changzhou, with his posthumous title of Wenzhong. He died at the age of sixty-six.

〖Su Shi's literary and artistic achievements〗

Su Shi's literary views are in the same vein as Ouyang Xiu, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thought emphasizes "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of constraints, "creating new ideas in laws and regulations, and expressing wonderful principles in boldness". He believes that compositions should reach the artistic realm of "like flowing clouds and flowing water, with no definite quality at first, but always doing what they should do and always stopping at what they must do. Natural literature and science, full of gestures" ("A Letter of Thanks to Minshi"). Su Shi's prose writings are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is easy and smooth, bold and free. Shi Dehong's "Postscript to Dongpo (Left and Right Yun) Chi Lu" said: "The writing is as smooth as the quality of water, and it spreads vastly, so its waves will naturally become written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu are both called "Ou Su", and they are "Ou Su". One of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Su Shi was committed to promoting underachievers, and Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, etc. all came from his disciples.

There are about 4,000 Su poems in existence. His poems are broad in content and diverse in style. They are mainly bold and unrestrained, with powerful writing, endless changes, and romanticism, which opened up a new path for the development of Song poetry. . Xie Zhou's "Original Poems" said: "Su Shi's poems have opened up a realm unprecedented in ancient and modern times. Everything in the world laughs and curses, and they are all inspired by the writing." Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry Talk" said: "Take text as poetry , starting from Changli, to Dongpo, he became more and more eloquent, opened up new perspectives, and became a grand view of the generation... Especially those who are unreachable, they are born with a strong pen, as refreshing as a mourning pear, and they can be cut quickly, and there is a hidden secret that can be reached without difficulty. This is why Su Shi became a great poet after Li and Du, but he is not as good as Li and Du."

There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi in existence, breaking the rule of writing specifically about love between men and women. The narrow theme of separation and separation has broad social content. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of Chinese poetry. He expanded the spirit of the Northern Song Dynasty's poetry innovation movement to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional Ci style since the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and created the Bold Ci School that stood side by side with the Graceful School. He expanded the subject matter of Ci and enriched the artistic conception of Ci. It broke through the boundaries of poetry in Shizhuang and made a significant contribution to the innovation and development of poetry. His famous works include "Nian Nujiao", "Shui Diao Ge Tou", etc., which pioneered the bold style of poetry. Together with Xin Qiji, he was also known as "Su Xin". Liu Chenweng's "Preface to Xin Jiaxuan's Poems" said: "The words reach the east slope, and they are upright and upright, like poetry, like writing, like the wonders of heaven and earth."

Su Shi is also good at running and regular script, and is the same as Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang. Also known as the "Four Families of the Song Dynasty". He studied famous masters of the Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and gained influence from Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became his own family. Zi said: "I can't create my own calligraphy"; another said: "I come up with new ideas and do not follow the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, he was very good at using the pen, but he was not as good as the boss who gradually approached nature"; another said: "When he arrived in Huangzhou Later, his strokes were extremely powerful. "In his later years, he had the momentum of overseas turbulence, and his knowledge, broadmindedness, and knowledge were outstanding, and he experienced many ups and downs in his life. His calligraphy style is full of ups and downs, innocent and vast. You can imagine his calligraphy by looking at it. As a person. At that time, his brothers and nephews You, Mai, and Guo, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingju all learned from him; later historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan, and Zhang Zhidong in the Qing Dynasty also learned from him. They all learned from him, which shows his great influence. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "Those who are good at calligraphy in this dynasty should naturally recommend (Su) as the first."

Su Shi painted ink and bamboo, and studied under Wen Tong (that is, Wen and Ke ), which is simpler and more powerful than the text, and has the potential to dance. Mi Fu said that he "made black bamboo from the ground to the top." I asked: Why not divide it section by section? He said: When the bamboo is growing, how can it grow section by section? The stems and curves are unprovoked; the stones are hard and strange, and there is no reason for them, just like the depression in his chest." It can be seen that his paintings are full of fantasy and far-reaching ideas. He has outstanding views on both calligraphy and painting, and his influence on painting is even more profound. For example, we attach great importance to spiritual resemblance, advocate that there is emotion outside the painting, and the painting should have sustenance, oppose the similarity of form, and oppose the constraints of formula, advocate "the original uniformity of poetry and painting, natural craftsmanship and freshness", and clearly put forward the concept of "scholar painting", etc., which will be followed by " The development of "literati painting" has laid a theoretical foundation. Existing writings include "Poems about Cold Food in Huangzhou", "Ode to Chibi", "Essays in Appreciation to Civil Teachers" and "Jidaowen in Honor of Huangzhou", etc. Among the surviving paintings are "Scroll of Ancient Trees and Strange Rocks"; and "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone of Xiaoxiang" discovered in recent years is also his work.

Su Shi's achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy, painting, etc. were at the pinnacle of the Song Dynasty when there were so many talented people. He is a rare literary and artistic genius in Chinese history.

All works of Su Shi can be found in "Su Shi's Collection" on Baidu Chinese Studies: /page/cbd5e9f8bcaf/

〖Chronology of Su Shi's Life〗

The first year of Tiansheng of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty - the eighth year of Jiayou (1023-1064)

1036 Su Shi was born

1054 married Wang Fu

1057 became a Jinshi; mother was mourned; filial piety was observed (1057.4-1059.6)

1059 The family went to Kyoto

1061 Ren Fengxiang judge

The first year of Emperor Yingzong's reign - the fourth year (1064-1068)

1064 Served in the History Museum

1065 Wife's funeral

1066 Father's funeral; filial piety (1066.4-2068.7)

The first year of Shenzong Xining - the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068-1086 )

1068 Married Wang Runzhi

1069 Returned to Beijing; worked in the History Museum

1071 Appointed as Supervisor; Appointed as General Magistrate of Hangzhou

1074 Renned as Mi Prefect of the state

1076 Prefect of Xuzhou

1079 Prefect of Huzhou; jailed

1080 Relegated to Huangzhou

1084 Changzhou

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1085 Go to Dengzhou; serve as the prefect of Dengzhou; go to Kyoto; serve as Zhongshusheren

Zhezong (1086-1100) The Queen Mother was in power during the Yuanyou period (1085-1093)

1086 Use Hanlin bachelor's knowledge to make imperial edicts

1089 Served as governor of Hangzhou and commander of the Western Zhejiang Military Region

1091 Served as minister of the Ministry of official affairs; went to Kyoto; served as governor of Yingzhou

1092 Served as the prefect of Yangzhou; the minister of the Ministry of War; the minister of the Ministry of Rites

1093 His wife died; the Queen Mother passed away; the prefect of Tiaodingzhou; the commander of the Hebei Military Region

1094 Demoted to Huizhou; relegated to Huizhou

1097 Go to Hainan; banished to Danzhou, Hainan

Huizong (1101-1126) Queen Mother came to power (1100)

1101 Returned to the north; Changzhou; died

1126 The fall of the Northern Song Dynasty

〖Su Shi's three wives〗

Su Shi's wife was named Wang Fu, who was from Qingshen, Meizhou, Sichuan. She was young, beautiful, knowledgeable and courteous. , married Su Shi at the age of 16. She can be called Su Shi's right-hand assistant, and she has the story of "listening to what is said behind the scenes". Su Shi was a broad-minded person and relatively negligent in his dealings with others, so Wang Fu listened quietly behind the screen and informed Su Shi of his suggestions. Wang Fu died of illness after living with Su Shi for eleven years. Su Shi followed his father Su Xun's words and "buried her next to your mother's tomb" and personally planted 30,000 pine trees on the hilltop where Wang Fu was buried to express his condolences. Another ten years later, Su Shi wrote "Jiangchengzi·Remembering Dreams" for Wang Fu, which is known as the best mourning poem in history: "Life and death are uncertain in ten years." If you don’t think about it, you will never forget it. Thousands of miles of lonely tomb, no place to speak of desolation. Even if we meet, we should not know each other, our faces are covered with dust and our temples are like frost. At night, the dream returns home suddenly. Xiaoxuan window, dressing up. They looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. It is expected that the place where the heart is broken every year, on a bright moonlit night, there will be short pine hills.

Su Shi's second wife was Wang Runzhi, Wang Fu's cousin, who married Su Shi in the third year after Wang Fu's death. She is eleven years younger than Su Shi. She has admired Su Shi since she was a child. She is gentle by nature and relies on Su Shi everywhere. Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi through the most important 25 years of his life. He experienced the Wutai Poetry Case and was demoted to Huangzhou. He shared the ups and downs of Su Shi's career with him. Twenty-five years later, Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi. Su Shi suffered from a broken liver and intestines, and wrote a memorial: "I said home, and walked back to Qiuyuan. There were many people who abandoned me first. Who welcomed me at my door, and who gave me fields? What can I do now? My eyes are dry with tears. Traveling to the funeral I am so kind to my country. I only have the same acupuncture point, so I am so sorry!" A hundred days after his wife's death, he asked his friend, the great painter Li Longmian, to draw ten portraits of Arhats, and then asked the monks to chant sutras for her. When he was reborn in the Paradise, he dedicated these ten Buddha statues that could be handed down to the world to his wife's deceased soul. After Su Shi's death, Su Che buried him and Wang Runzhi together, fulfilling the wish of "only the same acupoint" in the memorial text.

Su Shi's third wife was Wang Chaoyun, who was his concubine and was twenty-six years younger than Su Shi. When Su Shi was in the most difficult situation, Wang Chaoyun was always by his side. Wang Chaoyun was Su Shi's confidante. Su Shi wrote the most poems to Wang Chaoyun and called her "The Goddess Vimalakirti". But unfortunately, Chaoyun died of illness before Su Shi eleven years after he was restored to health. After Chaoyun's death, Su Shi remained a widower and never married again. In accordance with Chaoyun's last wish, Su Shi buried his late wife in the pine forest under the Great Sacred Pagoda of Qi Zen Temple at the south foot of Gushan Mountain in West Lake, Huizhou, and built a Liuru Pavilion beside the tomb to commemorate her. The couplet he wrote was "Untimely, only Chaoyun can Know me; I play ancient tunes alone, and I miss you even more every time it rains." There is a famous allusion in this couplet: "Dongpo retired from the court one day and finished eating. He felt his belly and walked slowly. Gu said to the waiter: "What do you think of this?" A maid suddenly said: "It's all articles. ', Poe didn't think so. Another person said: 'A belly full of knowledge. ’ Poe laughed heartily. "Chaoyun Tomb has now become a scenic spot in Hainan.

〖Su Shi's four sons〗

Wang Fu gave birth to Su Shi's eldest son Su Mai, and Wang Runzhi gave birth to Su Shi's second son Su Ji and his third son Su Guo were all raised by Wang Run.

In the autumn of 1083 AD, Chaoyun gave birth to his fourth son, Su Dun, but unfortunately he died soon after.

〖Su Shi’s Death Poem〗

The heart is like a gray tree, and the body is like a boat without ties.

I heard about your achievements in life, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou.

The poem was written two months before his death and was an impromptu work after seeing the portrait of him made by Li Gonglin.

〖Su Shi's Anecdotes〗

1. Su Shi "deceived" his teacher

Su Shi was admitted to Jinshi and wrote a great article in the Spring and Autumn Period called "The Punishment Rewards Loyalty" "On the Way", one of the passages is as follows:

In the time of Yao, Gao Tao was a scholar and he was going to kill people. Gao Tao said "kill three people", Yao said "forgive three people", so the world was afraid of Gao. Tao was strong in enforcing the law, but Le Yao was lenient in his punishment. Siyue said, "Gun can use it." Yao said, "No, Gun will order the tribe." After that, he said, "Try it." How could Yao not listen to Gao Tao's murder, but follow the four mountains and use Gun? However, the meaning of the saint can also be seen.

The examiner Mei Sheng was shocked by Su Shi's article, but he was not sure about the above text. When Su Shi paid a visit to him, Mei asked about the source of the conversation between Yao and Gao Tao. Su Shi smiled and replied: "Of course."

In fact, the above allusion comes from the "Book of Rites" and happened to Zhou Gong. Su Shi remembered Yao during the exam, but he actually fooled his teacher Mei Sheng. It can be seen that the skill is extraordinary.

2. Dongpo Pork

When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote the famous limerick "Ode to Pork": "Huangzhou has good pork, but the price is like dirt. The rich will not accept it." Eat, the poor don't know how to cook. Slow down the fire, use less water, and it will be beautiful when you get up every day. If you are full, you don't care. "It's self-beautiful" is the famous Dongpo pork cooking method. Su Dongpo later served as the governor of Hangzhou, built Su dikes and promoted water conservancy, and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Pork" also became famous in Hangzhou and became a famous local dish.

3. Su Shi checked out

Su Shi lived in Changzhou in his later years. He spent the last bit of his savings and bought a house, and was about to move in at a certain date. An accidental opportunity , I heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been passed down for hundreds of years and was sold by unscrupulous descendants, so she was crying sadly. After careful questioning, it turned out that the house Su Shi bought was the ancestral house that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her: "My former residence was sold by me. There is no need to feel deeply sad. Now I should give this house back to me." Su Shi immediately burned the deed of the house and only rented a house to live in. In July of this year, Tagu died in the rented house. (See "Liangxi Manzhi" by Fei Gun of the Song Dynasty)

Anecdotes

Reciting poems and attending banquets

When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital for scientific examination. There were six arrogant people who looked down upon him and decided to invite Su Shi to a banquet with the intention of teasing him. Su Shi went happily after accepting the invitation. Before taking the table and using chopsticks, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a plate of food alone. The other five people roared with cheers. "I'll come first." The older one said, "Jiang Ziya fishes on the Weishui River!" After saying that, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an," the second man said proudly as he took away the horse meat. "Su Ziqing Beihu Shepherd," the third person took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County," the fourth one shouted anxiously, reaching out and grabbing the meat. "Guan Yunchang scraped the bones from Jingzhou," the fifth one couldn't wait to grab the bones. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong," the sixth arrogantly picked up the last piece of vegetables. After all the dishes were finished, the six people were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, but Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries!" After saying that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile : "Brothers, please come!". The people in Liuju were dumbfounded.

Getting ahead

When Su Shi took the examination in the capital, the presiding examiner was Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary figure in the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was reviewing and approving papers, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous writing style. To prevent favoritism, the examination papers at that time were all anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to rate this article first, he felt that this article was very similar to that written by his disciple Zeng Gong, and he was afraid that it would be true, so he finally ranked it second. It wasn't until the list was published that Ouyang Xiu knew that the author of the article was Su Shi. After knowing the true situation, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi had no intention of caring about it at all. Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent made Ouyang Xiu marvel at him: "Such a young talent should really be recognized (idiom) This is where success comes from!" and officially accepted Su Shi as his disciple.

Family gathering

After Su Shi came second in high school, the three fathers and sons of the Su family and the family of Su Xiaomei, who is famous for her three-year-old Qin Shaoyou, gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, made a decision Using the two words "cold and fragrant", each person writes two poems, and the requirements are that they will fit the situation at that time. To take the lead, Su Laoquan walked slowly to the flower pond and chanted: "The cold water flows from the stone edge, and the wind blows from the flowers to make them fragrant." Ziyou stood up and picked fragrant wintersweet petals, flicked his fingers and said, "The cold words are unknown, but the plum blossoms are fragrant on his fingers." The younger sister also went to pick flowers. Ziyou wanted to laugh at him for imitating himself, but the younger sister said: "The cuckoos in the sun have a cold mouthpiece, and the flowers and butterflies in the sky are fragrant in their dreams." After speaking, he spread his palms and found that a butterfly had been crushed to death. The daughter's characteristics were revealed, and everyone applauded in unison. However, Su Shi flicked the stone bench and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted: "My son, don't leave if you can't answer the question."

Before he finished speaking, Su Shi said two sentences in a long voice: "When I sit on the stone, my clothes are cold, and when I step on the flowers, I return home with the scent of horse hooves"!

Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian lived in Jinshan Temple. One day, they After a while, the cakes were cooked. After counting the number, they presented the cakes to the seat of Guanyin Bodhisattva and bowed diligently. , prayed. Unexpectedly, the Buddha's seal had been hidden in the god's tent. While the two were kneeling to pray, Su Shi reached out and stole two pieces of bread. After praying, Su Shi stood up and saw that two pieces of bread were missing, so he knelt down again. He prayed: "Guanyin Bodhisattva has such magical powers and ate two pieces of bread. Why didn't he come out to meet me?" "

Foyin replied in the tent:

"If I have some food, I will make a few joints with you to eat. How dare I bother you in my spare time? "

When Su Dongpo was in Hangzhou, he liked to make friends with the monks of the West Lake Temple. He was the best friend with the monk Foyin of the Shengshan Temple. The two drank and recited poems and often joked.

Buddha Monk Yin was delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo entertained guests, he always came uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake. There was a lot of food and wine on the boat. Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian: "Buddha Yin." We have to rush to every gathering. Tonight we will take a boat to the lake to drink and recite poems and have a good time. No matter what, he will not be able to come." Unexpectedly, Monk Foyin had already found out that Su Dongpo was going to visit the lake with Huang Tingjian. Before the two of them got on the ship, they hid under the cabin board.

The bright moon was in the sky, the cool breeze was refreshing, and the fragrance of lotus filled the lake. The cruise ship slowly came to the Three Pagodas of the West Lake. Su Dongpo held the wine glass, twirled his beard, and happily said to Huang Tingjian: "There is no Buddha seal today. , we are quite quiet, let’s start with a drinking order. The first two sentences should use the word "Ji Jing", and the last two sentences should end with the word "哉". Huang Tingjian said: "Okay!" Su Dongpo said first:

When the clouds part and the bright moon comes out, what can the sky say? What can God say?

Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus flowers in the lake, and then said:

Pull the lotus seeds apart, and the fish will come out, and they will find their place! Well done!

At this time, Foyin could no longer bear it under the cabin board. After hearing what Huang Tingjian said, he pushed the cabin board away, climbed out, and said:

Ship board Push it aside and the Buddha's seal comes out. It's so frustrating! It’s so frustrating!

Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled when they saw a man suddenly crawling out from under the plank of the ship. When they looked carefully, they found that it was Foyin. When they heard him utter these four lines of poetry, they couldn't help but be moved. Laughed loudly.

Su Dongpo took the Buddha seal and sat down, and said: "You hid it well and you did it well. You finally got it again today!" So the three of them admired the moon and went to the lake, talking and laughing.

Dongpo Fish

Su Shi was not only a literary master, he was also very good at gourmet food. In addition to the well-known Dongpo elbow, Su Shi was also good at cooking fish. The cooked fish is superb. Once, Su Shi was so inspired that he went out to cook fish in the cupboard. Just after it was cooked, he saw Huang Tingjian coming in through the window. ). Knowing that he was trying to get rid of the food jam again, he hurriedly hid the fish on the top of the cupboard. Huang Tingjian walked in and said, "Today I'm asking Brother Zizhan for advice. May I ask Su Shi how to write Su?" Su Shi responded with a long face: "Su, the grass is above the grass and the fish is on the left and the grass is on the left." Huang Tingjian said again: "Then this fish Can you put it on the right side?" Su Shi said, "Okay." Huang Tingjian then asked, "Is it okay to put the fish on the top?" Su Shi said, "What's the point of putting the fish on the top of the cupboard?" Said: "Since Brother Zizhan also knows this truth, why do you still put the fish on it?!" Su Shi, who has always been quick-thinking, was completely beaten by Huang Tingjian this time!

Fruit and Medicine

Not long after Su Shi got married, he was invited to visit Huang Tingjian's house. As soon as he got there, a servant came and asked him to go back immediately, saying that his wife was in a hurry. Huang Tingjian meant to be sarcastic and chanted: "Fortunately (apricot, jujube, plum), and calm (Cistanche deserticola is a traditional Chinese medicine)." This sentence contains three fruit names and one medicine name. Su Shi didn't even look back, stepped on the saddle and walked away, saying as he walked: "But this matter (Nai, the genus of apple, sugarcane, persimmon) must be dealt with by Danggui (the name of Chinese medicine)." Sigh, Dongpo layman's talent is really impressive. People are convinced.

Being upright and honest

As a literary person, it is inevitable that he likes to express his opinions boldly and openly in politics. Su Shi, who is almost synonymous with talent, is no exception. As a conservative, Su Shi fiercely criticized Wang Anshi's reforms. In the second year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, in the tenth year of the implementation of the reform, Wang Anshi finally couldn't sit still in the face of Su Shi's sharp criticism. Su Shi was demoted to Huzhou, then arrested and sent to Bianliang for trial. The literary inquisition known as the Wutai Poetry Case in history began, and a large number of literati and writers who had contact with Su Shi were implicated. Even Su Shi's deceased teacher Ouyang Xiu and his family were not spared. Su Shi himself even suffered a hundred days in prison. Later, after Wang Anshi's reform failed and passed away, Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty ordered Su Shi to draft an imperial edict on his behalf. Su Shi did not avenge his personal revenge in the edict because of his different political views. Instead, he spoke highly of his political opponent. There is a paragraph in the article that says: "Gui Wei's article, Su Shi himself is well-deserved for this evaluation given to Wang Anshi. The noble and selfless spirit of layman Dongpo really moved future generations.

The line between life and death

After Su Shi was imprisoned, Emperor Shenzong sent a young eunuch to pretend to be a prisoner and sleep with Dongpo in order to test whether he had any hatred for the emperor. During the meal during the day, the little eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate the meal with gusto and replied: "No matter how thunder strikes, my heart will remain unmoved!" At night, when he fell asleep, the little eunuch teased him again: "Sleep, Master Su." Why don't you sigh when you wait for a bed?" Su Shi ignored him and replied with a snore. The little eunuch woke him up early the next morning and said, "Congratulations, sir, you have been pardoned." You know, that night was extremely dangerous. As long as Su Shi has a little complaint and strange behavior like not eating well or sleeping well, he will be in danger. In fact, Emperor Shenzong was also a confused person. How could he not figure it out based on Su Shi's intelligence when he sent a eunuch?

Dongpo Chibi

After Su Shi was pardoned, he was demoted to Huangzhou. Living in a thatched hut on Dongpo with the help of friends (this is where Dongpo lay people came from), Su Shi had a lot of free time at this time, so he wrote poems and traveled around, and wrote a lot of masterpieces such as "Linjiang Immortal", "Linjiang Immortal" and "Linjiang Immortal". Bu Suanzi: "Residence at Dinghuiyuan in Huangzhou" and so on were written during this period. "Niannujiao" written by Su Shi when he visited Red Cliff in Huangzhou has become an eternal poem. However, although Su Shi was knowledgeable and talented, he made a fatal mistake in geography. The Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms is located in the upper reaches of Wuhan, while the Red Cliff of Huangzhou is located downstream of Wuhan. This Red Cliff is not the other Red Cliff. However, it is wrong to make a mistake. The Red Cliff inscribed by Su Shi is now called Dongpo Red Cliff.

Conservation

After the restoration of the conservatives in the imperial court, Sima Guang, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty who was famous for smashing vats, worshiped the prime minister again, and the new law was completely abolished. At this time, Su Shi, who was also a conservative, advocated that the new law should not be completely negated and that good people and bad people should be treated differently. Therefore, he had a fierce conflict with Sima Guang and was demoted to Guazhou again. Although Su Shi believed in Buddhism, he did not like monks. I heard that there was a monk named Foyin in Guazhou Jinshan Temple who was very famous. When Su Shi heard about it, he was not convinced and decided to go to the mountain to meet the old monk! In the temple, Su Shi talked about everything from the emperor to civil and military officials, from governing the country to how to be a human being. The monk listened quietly. Su Shi looked down on Foyin from the bottom of his heart when he saw that Foyin had been silent. I thought to myself: Everyone said he was capable, but he is just a fool, and he came here to defraud a few people out of their incense money! The topic slowly turned to Buddhist matters. At this time Foyin asked: "What kind of person should Lao Na be in the eyes of Mr. Su Shi?" Su Shi was full of contempt and casually replied: "What do you think in the eyes of ordinary people?" You may be capable, but that's because they are shallow. In fact, you make up your mind every day and have no real talent. You are just a liar!" Foyin smiled slightly and said nothing. Seeing him like this, Su Shi not only looked down upon the monk even more, but also became very proud of himself, so he took advantage of it and asked: "Who do you think I, the Great Scholar Su, am in your eyes?" "You are a very knowledgeable and cultivated person. Man, it is better for you to lose yourself!" Foyin replied. After returning home, Su Shi proudly told his little sister how to make the monk in the morning. After hearing this, Su Shi laughed so hard that her rice gushed out. Su Shi was confused and asked: "Why are you laughing, little sister?" "When you belittle the monk, he is not angry but praises you. Who do you think has cultivation? How can cultivation come from without knowledge? You still think you are better than others. Strong? I’m so embarrassed that you don’t even know!” After hearing this, Su Shi suddenly realized that he and Master Foyin became sworn friends from then on.

'The Bones' Were Not Cold

One day, Su Shi and Foyin took a boat trip to Slender West Lake. Master Foyin suddenly took out a fan with poems by lay Buddhist Dongpo and threw it to In the river, he loudly shouted: "Poem (Corpse) on the Dongpo River!" At that time, Su Shi was stunned for a moment, but he quickly pointed to the dog gnawing bones on the river bank and chanted: "The dog is gnawing the bones of the (monk) on the river. !"

Eating grass on Dongpo

With nothing to do, Su Shi went to Jinshan Temple to visit Master Foyin. Unexpectedly, the master was not there, and a young novice came to open the door. Su Shi said proudly: "Where is the bald donkey?!". The little novice monk pointed calmly into the distance and replied: "Eating grass on the east slope!"

The couplet retreated from the enemy

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song people led the Liao State to invade. The imperial court, which was deliberately seeking peace, attracted an envoy from the Liao State and asked the Song people to answer the first couplet: three lights, sun, moon and stars. If the second couplet appears, the troops will be withdrawn and peace will be negotiated. This couplet seems simple, but it is not easy to understand. The numbers in the sentence correspond exactly to the things that follow, and the numbers selected in the couplet correspond to things that are more or less than three. Su Shi, who happened to be back in Beijing to report on his work, cleverly combined the upper and lower couplets with a stroke of his pen: Four poems in ode to elegance. The beauty of this couplet is that the "Four Poems" only have three names: "Ode to Fengya", because there are "Daya" and "Xiaoya" in the Book of Songs, which are collectively called "Ya". In addition to the four parts of "National Style" and "Ode to Poems", "The Book of Songs" is also called the "Four Poems". The witty couplets are so perfect that the Liao envoy admired them greatly.

Among the three pairs, there must be my teacher

Su Shi, his younger sister, and Huang Tingjian were enjoying the paintings one day, and it was interesting to see the inscription above: the gentle breeze represents thin willows, and the pale moon represents plum blossoms. It seems that it is a four-character couplet, but there is an empty word in the middle. My sister suggested adding words in the middle to make it a five-character couplet. Huang Tingjian's answer is: the thin willows dance in the breeze, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the pale moon. The younger sister wrote: The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows, and the pale moon reflects the plum blossoms. Su Shi thought for a moment and responded immediately, filling in words to make it: The gentle breeze supports the thin willows, and the pale moon loses the plum blossoms.

Looking at the couplets of the three people, Su Shi is the most wonderful: the word "help" not only writes the gentleness of the wind and the delicacy of the willows, but also writes the intimacy between the wind and the willows, making it more vivid; The word "hidden" is appropriate. It not only emphasizes the brightness of the moonlight, but also takes into account the cleanliness of the plum blossoms. It highlights the scene where the two merge into one color, which is more consistent and appropriate.

His plan

Su Shi’s close friend Foyin. Although he is a monk, he does not avoid food and wine. On this day, Foyin fried fish and drank wine, and Su Shi happened to come to visit. Foyin hurriedly hid the fish under the big chime (wooden fish). Su Shi had already smelled the fish fragrance and disappeared when he came in. Thinking of Huang Tingjian's trick that day, he suddenly thought of a plan and said deliberately: "I came to ask the master today, what is the next sentence of Xiangyang Mendi's spring is always there?" Foyin I was deeply surprised that my old friend read out an old and well-known sentence, so I said the following sentence casually: People who accumulate good deeds will be blessed. Su Shi put his palms in his hands and laughed: "Since there are fish (surplus) in the chime (qing), let's accumulate some kindness and use it to enjoy it."

Wushan River

Once, Su Shi made an appointment with his younger brother Su Che and Master Foyin. The three of them were traveling together, and Foyin improvised a sentence: Wushan is as good as Wushan. The key lies in the homophony of "wu" and "witch". Su Che said: How can a leaf be as round as a lotus leaf? After hearing this, Su Shi said to his younger brother: It is good to use the homophonic pronunciation of "He He" and "无武", but would it be better to change it to this: He water can be as clear as a river. After hearing this, Foyin and Su Zhe agreed. Using "water" against "mountain" would win the battle more steadily.

Little sister Lianqi

Su Shi, who had not seen his friend for a long time, invited Huang Tingjian to his home. When the little sister saw her brother going out to greet her in person, she made a joke about it, saying: My brother invites you to visit Shuangyue. "Double Moon" is combined into the word "Peng". Su Shi knew that the little sister was joking with him, so he immediately said: Little sister catches the wind in front of the window. "Half" is very appropriate for "double", and "wind" is for "moon".

Interestingly, the complexity of "wind"