since the excavation of Neptune's tomb, it has caused a sensation all over the country, which is unprecedented. However, the value of the tomb of Houhou in the sea is not limited to more than 1, exquisite cultural relics unearthed so far, but restores the burial system of the tomb of Houhou in the Western Han Dynasty.

Mr. Xin said that three materials are usually used to solve archaeological problems in historical periods: unearthed documents, handed down documents and archaeological materials. Only by verifying and comparing these three aspects can "the face of history itself" be roughly restored, and the tomb of the sea faint Hou is no exception. To study it, we must first start with the familiar handed down literature. Tell us that Liu He is the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his eldest son, the mourning king of Changyi, and the ninth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.

at the age of 5, he inherited his father's business and became the second generation king of Changyi. At the age of 18, he was proclaimed emperor by the powerful minister Huo Guang, but after only 27 days, the emperor was deposed by the minister headed by Huo Guang. According to the history books, he "received the seal on the 27th, sent an envoy at noon, and went to the official office with a letter, which was * * * one hundred and twenty-seven things". In the third year of Yuankang, Emperor Gaozu declared the emperor to be kind and pitied the deposed emperor, and named him a sea faint. At this time, 11 years have passed since Liu He was deposed.

During these 11 years, Huo Guang's family was defeated, but Liu He's own life was definitely hard. He returned to Changyi, which had been excluded from the country, was imprisoned in the Palace Museum of Changyi Wang, and lived on the humiliating salary of "two thousand soup baths" for women and eunuchs. We saw the illegible private seal of "Da Liu Yin Ji", which was probably used by Liu He during his 11-year imprisonment. After all, this seal was not found on Liu He's waist, but outside the inner coffin, and it was the "Liu He" seal worn on his waist. Even though there are 4, families in the food city, there is no stable life in Liu He. Soon, he was cut into 1 families who were not good enough for outsiders because of the crime of "slandering state affairs."

History books also tell us that Liu He himself is weak and seems to have rheumatism, so he often deals with medicine jars. Archaeologists have found many medical instruments and prescriptions written on bamboo slips in the tomb of Hou faint in the sea, which can also confirm each other. Because of poor health, he was deposed and returned to his hometown where malaria was rampant in the heat, and he was excessively depressed. So, Liu He died at the age of 32. Is the real Liu He what it was written in history? Let's look at his grave.

Liu He's life is very dramatic from Changyi King to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and then to Emperor Fei, and his tomb is also of great research value, because it is the tomb with the best preservation, the most complete structure, the clearest functional layout and the most complete sacrificial system found in China so far. What is the reason? To get such an evaluation, three conditions must be met at the same time: being buried in one's own fief; Keep in good condition; Because of political problems, they are not allowed to go beyond the system. However, there are few tombs of princes that can meet the three requirements at the same time. So far, only 2 of them can be identified as the Western Han Dynasty Prince's Tomb, but this is not consistent with the actual situation at that time. There are roughly three kinds of princes in the Western Han Dynasty: princes, heroes, and benevolent kings with relatives as the main body. In the early Han Dynasty, 425 people were sealed, and Huidi sealed more than 1 people for meritorious service, which was incomplete.

In addition to man-made sabotage and other reasons, Liehou itself is more complicated. Some of them are officials in the imperial court, and with the permission of the emperor, they can go beyond the Liehou system. Some went to vassal States to be officials, so when they were buried, they "do as the Romans do" and did not follow the burial system of vassals. For example, Mawangdui Tomb No.1 and Xin Zhui Tomb were buried in accordance with Chu's burial system, that is, the burial chamber was box-shaped, and the funerary objects and coffins were placed in different burial chambers from top to bottom, and the space between them was closed, which was very different from the Han system. In addition, d

In addition, there are few burial methods in the Western Han Dynasty that we can see today, and many handed down documents were annotated by scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty according to the system of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, before the tomb of Houhou in Haishui, we didn't know what the real burial system was like. In 26, some bamboo slips were unearthed in Yunmeng, Hubei Province, and five of them were about the burial method of the Western Han Dynasty, which happened to be about the burial system of Liehou, reflecting the burial system of Wenjing, such as burial clothes, coffins, cemeteries, ancestral halls and so on. According to scholars' research, there was no law about burial system in Wenjing era, so it is inferred that it was probably formulated by Sun Tong, a great scholar and uncle, in Gaozu and Hui Di era. Wenjing was buried in Liu Heshi. After three years and a hundred years or so, there was a Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the middle. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, many systems in the Western Han Dynasty changed.

according to the research of the famous archaeologist Yu, the tomb system in the Han dynasty has undergone two major changes: first, the tombs in the Warring States period were changed into houses and houses during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and then into stone tombs and brick tombs at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. The appearance of Neptune's tomb not only satisfies the above three conditions, but also provides an excellent specimen for us to study the burial system of princes in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. So what are the characteristics of the royal burial system in this period? Excellent specimen of the tomb of Liehou. Nowadays, the burial system of Hou Lies in the Western Han Dynasty can be basically outlined by combining unearthed documents, trivial handed down documents and archaeological data of these Hou Haiyin tombs.

First of all, Hou Haifaint was buried on Dundun Mountain, which is said to be a mountain. In fact, the height is only 25-3m, which is a mound. Combined with the Han Dynasty, we found that when Han Xin chose his parents' tomb, he also chose a place with a high opening. It can be said that high opening is one of the criteria for civilians and nobles to choose cemeteries. Secondly, the mound is long and east-west, with Hou's tomb on the west and Mrs. Hou's tomb on the east. They * * * use a rammer, which is to level the mound first and then dig a grave. Liu He and his wife were buried in a cemetery in different caves, which is the same as the arrangement of tombs in the Western Han Dynasty.

thirdly, the cemetery of haiyinghou is about 46,m2, with a wall and a length of about 8m. There are two doors on the east side and two doors on the north side, and there is a double que outside the door, which is roughly consistent with the burial method unearthed in 26. According to the burial method, the tomb of Liehou is 45 feet long from east to west and 42 feet long from north to south. Its area was just 2 mu in the Han Dynasty, which is also in line with the records of handed down documents. For example, General Guang's cousin was buried in the imperial tomb after his death, and the royal reward was only 2 acres. Therefore, for some Hou Yaozong, this regulation is still relatively strict in the Beijing area; But for Dahou, it is often possible to break through this boundary. Teacher Xin himself has also made field trips, such as Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Tomb of Huo Qubing, Tomb of Huo Guang, and the recently excavated tomb of Zhang Anshi of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. They all cover an area of more than 2 mu, so some big princes can build more and more with the permission of the emperor. It is not static.