1. Xian Xinghai

Xian Xinghai (1905～1945), a famous musician and Chinese composer in modern China. He used to be named Huang Xun and Kong Yu. His ancestral home is Panyu, Guangdong, and he was born into a poor boatman's family in Macau. Born in Macao on June 13, 1905. In 1918, he entered the Middle School Affiliated to Lingnan University to study violin. In 1926, he entered the Music Transmission Institute of Peking University and the Music Department of the National Art College. In 1928, he entered the Shanghai National Music Institute to study violin and piano, and published a famous short music treatise "Universal Music". In 1929, he went to Paris for a work-study program and studied under the famous violinist Pani Obedofel and the famous composer Paul Duka. In 1931, he was admitted to the Paris Conservatoire. Studying in Shola Kontorum's composition class. While studying in France, he composed more than ten works such as "Wind", "Wandering Son Song" and "Violin Sonata in D minor". After returning to China in 1935, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, composed a large number of militant mass songs, and contributed to the progressive film " He composed music for "Top Gun", "Youth March", dramas "Resurrection" and "Thunderstorm". After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, he joined the Shanghai National Salvation Drama Team 2, and later went to Wuhan to be responsible for launching the national salvation singing movement with Zhang Shu. From 1935 to 1938, he composed "Army Song of National Salvation", "As long as there is no resistance", "Guerrilla Army Song", "We Open the Road", "The Vast Siberia", "Children of the Motherland", "Going to the Enemy's Rear Lines", "In Taihang" "Mountain" and various types of vocal works. In 1938, she served as the director of the music department of Yan'an Lu Xun Art College and taught part-time at the "Women's University". In addition to teaching, he created immortal masterpieces such as "Yellow River Cantata" and "Production Cantata". In 1940, he went to the Soviet Union to study and work. He died in Moscow on October 30, 1945.

2. Wen Yiduo

A great modern Chinese patriot, a staunch democracy fighter, an early leader of the China Democratic League, a close friend of the Communist Party of China, and a poet. scholar. The original name was Wen Jiahua, also known as Duo, Yiduo and Yiduo, with the courtesy names Yousan and Youshan.

Born on October 22, the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (November 24, 1899), he was born into a scholarly family in Bahe Town, Qishui County, Hubei Province (now Xishui County).

He was admitted to Tsinghua School in Beijing in 1912 and loved to read ancient Chinese poetry collections, poetry talks, history books, notes, etc. In 1916, he began to publish a series of reading notes in "Tsinghua Weekly", collectively called "February Lu Comics". At the same time, he wrote old style poems. During the May 4th Movement in 1919, he actively participated in the student movement and represented the school at the National Student Federation Conference (Shanghai).

In April 1920, he published his first vernacular article "The Passenger-Style Student". In September of the same year, he published his first new poem "West Bank".

In November 1921, he and Liang Shiqiu and others initiated the establishment of the Tsinghua Literature Society. In March of the following year, he wrote "Research on the Basics of Rhythmic Poetry" and began to systematically study the metrical theory of new poetry.

In July 1922, he went to study at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts in the United States. At the end of the year, "Winter Night Cao'er Commentary" co-authored with Liang Shiqiu was published, which represented Wen Yiduo's early views on new poetry. In 1923, he published his first collection of poems, "Red Candle," which exemplarily combined anti-imperialist and patriotic themes with the form of aestheticism. After returning to China in May 1925, he successively served as the fourth National Sun Yat-sen University (renamed Central University in 1928 and Nanjing University in 1949), Wuhan University (he served as the first dean of the School of Liberal Arts and designed the school emblem), Qingdao University, and Beijing Art College. He is a professor at the National Chengchi University, Tsinghua University, and Southwest Associated University. He once served as the dean of the Beijing Art College, the director of the Foreign Languages ??Department of the Fourth Sun Yat-sen University in Nanjing, the dean of literature at Wuhan University, and the dean of literature at Qingdao University.

In 1928, he published his second collection of poems, "Dead Water," which showed his deep patriotism amid decadence. Since then, he has devoted himself to the study of classical literature. The compilation and study of the four major ancient books, "The Book of Changes", "The Book of Songs", "Zhuangzi" and "Chu Ci", were later compiled into "The New Meaning of Classics", which Guo Moruo called "unprecedented and unprecedented".

In 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War began, he taught at the Southwest Associated University in Kunming.

During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, he grew a beard and vowed not to shave it off until he won the Anti-Japanese War, expressing his determination to fight to the end.

3. Wang Wei

Wang Wei (701-761), courtesy name Mojie, was a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was an official and became Minister Youcheng. He was originally from Qi (now Qi County, Shanxi Province). ), moved to Puzhou (now Yongji, Shanxi), believed in Buddhism, and lived in Wangchuan Villa in Lantian in his later years. He is good at painting figures, bamboos, and landscapes. People in the Tang Dynasty recorded two types of landscape features: one is similar to that of Li and his son, and the other is painted with broken ink. His famous work "Wangchuan Picture" is the latter. Unfortunately, no authentic work has been handed down to this day. The "Snowy Stream Picture" and "Jinan Fu Sheng Statue" that are said to be his are not authentic. Su Shi commented that "when you taste Mojie's poems, there are paintings within the poems; when you look at Mojie's paintings, there are poems within the paintings." He was a representative of the landscape pastoral school in the Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan Jinshi. He served as Dalecheng, Youshiyi and other officials. During the Anlushan rebellion, he was forced to take a pseudo-post. His achievements in poetry and painting were very high. Su Dongpo praised him as "there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings", especially his achievements in landscape poetry. Together with Meng Haoran, he was called "Wang Meng". In his later years, he had no intention of official career and devoted himself to Buddhism. Therefore, Later generations called him the "Poetry Buddha".

4. Cui Hao

Cui Hao, a native of Bianzhou (Kaifeng), was a Jinshi in the 11th year of Kaiyuan (723 AD) of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (704?-754 AD). He had a quick mind and was good at writing poems. He was a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "Old Tang Book: Wenyuan Biography" mentions him along with Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Meng Haoran. However, he had ups and downs in his official career and finally failed to achieve his ambition. There are not many records about him in history, and few legends and stories about him have been handed down in his hometown of Bianzhou. The old "Book of Tang Cui Hao Biography" is very brief and does not even mention his literary achievements. These are all What is it for? It's worth thinking about.

5. Tao Yuanming

Tao Yuanming (approximately 365-427) was a great poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Also known as Qian, with the courtesy name Yuanliang and private posthumous title Jingjie, he was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). He was born into a poor bureaucratic landlord family. Having been educated in Confucianism since childhood, he is full of fantasy about life and hopes to realize his ambition of "helping the common people" through his official career. Since the age of 29, he has served as Jiangzhou Jijiujiu, Zhenjun Joining the Army, and Pengze County Magistrate. He was dissatisfied with the dark reality that the Tu ethnic landlords controlled the power at that time. When he was the magistrate of Pengze County, he resigned and returned home after only 80 days because he was unwilling to "break down his waist for five buckets of rice" and wrote "Returning to Come", which is self-explanatory. Chi. From then on, he "worked hard and financed himself" until his death at the age of 63 due to poverty and illness. He is good at poetry and poetry, and his poems mostly describe natural scenery and scenes of life in rural areas. His excellent works contain his hatred of the decadent ruling group and his unwillingness to join in the same trend, but there is also a nihilistic "life is impermanent". Negative thoughts such as "Happy Heaven and Peace of Life". Poems on another type of theme, such as "Ode to Jing Ke", express his political ambitions and are quite sad, angry and generous. The most famous prose is "The Peach Blossom Spring". Tao Yuanming's poetry has both a plain conversational and hearty style, and his language is simple, natural, and extremely refined. There is "Tao Yuanming Collection".

6. Buffon

Buffon (Georges Louis Leclere de Buffon, 1707-1788) was a French naturalist and writer who was born into a noble family in the city of Montbar. He received church education since he was a child and loves natural science. He entered the French Academy of Sciences at the age of 26, later served as director of the Royal Garden (Botanical Garden), and was accepted as an academician by the French Academy.

Biography

Buffon was born in France in 1707. His father was a lord of a region in France and also served as a member of Parliament. Buffon's well-to-do family background meant he didn't have to worry about food, rice, oil and salt. As a teenager, Buffon studied law at the behest of his father. In 1727, Buffon met a Swedish mathematician. Under his influence, Buffon focused his studies on mathematics. A few years later, Buffon crossed the English Channel to England. There, he was infected by the British academic atmosphere and impressed by the theories of the great scientist Newton, and began to immerse himself in the study of physics. After returning to France, he translated the works of British scholars into French while conducting his own research and publishing scientific papers. In 1739, he received the title of co-member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and was appointed director of the Royal Botanic Gardens. Since then, his research direction has turned to animals, plants and earth evolution.

Buffon's broad interests, in-depth research and elegant writing are his strengths, and they are also the guarantee for him to complete the vast 36-volume "History of Nature". This masterpiece is comprehensive in content, including knowledge about the earth, birds, minerals, oviparous animals, etc. It is a complete natural history of the plant and animal kingdoms except invertebrates. Perhaps because of his noble birth, Buffon despised "lower" invertebrates and was unwilling to lower his status to study these animals. However, do not deny Buffon's scientific spirit because of this. He attaches great importance to experiments and believes that only experiments can clarify some biological concepts. Therefore, when necessary, he will also take off his luxurious shirt and conduct experiments on animals himself. Poverty can make people depressed, and wealth can make people impetuous, but Linnaeus and Buffon obviously overcame the negative effects of poverty and wealth. Writing an encyclopedic "Natural History" does not happen overnight. You must endure loneliness and calm down to study. Nobles who are addicted to sensuality and pleasure cannot do this. Buffon's works provided a wealth of material for subsequent researchers, and his beautiful and moving writing also led the French public's interest to the field of biology.

7. Fabre

December 22, 1823, Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre, French entomologist, animal behavior Scientist and writer, he was born in a farm family in the village of Saint-Ren in Provence, France. He is called the "Homer of the insect world" by people around the world, and is also called the "Virgil of the insect world" by the French. In the following years, Fabre spent time at his grandparents' house in Maraval, not far from the village. At that time, as a young man, he was already attracted by the lovely insects such as butterflies and grasshoppers in the countryside.

In 1829, Fabre returned to Saint-Réne to start school, but that childhood period has always been deeply engraved in his heart.

In 1833, the Fabre family came to Rodez, and his father made a living by running a cafe.

In 1837, the family moved to Toulouse. Fabre entered the seminary in Toulouse, but dropped out midway and went out to make a living. He worked on the railway and sold lemons in the market. Later, he passed the selection examination for the Normal School of Avignon, received a scholarship, and after three years of study received a diploma from higher education. After graduation, Fabre, who was nineteen years old, began his teaching career in Cabentela, teaching the history of natural sciences.

In 1849, he was appointed physics teacher in Ajaccio, Corsica. The island's beautiful natural scenery and rich species ignited his passion for studying plants and animals. The botanist Le Guin of Avignon imparted his knowledge to him. After that, he followed Mokan Tangtong to collect flower and plant specimens. This knowledgeable and talented teacher laid a solid foundation for Fabre to later become a naturalist and embark on the path of scientific research.

In 1853, Fabre returned to mainland France, was employed at a school in Avignon, and moved his family into a simple house on Dyer Street in the Saint-Dominique neighborhood.

In 1857, he published "Observations on the Habits of the Arthroplasty". This paper corrected the erroneous views of Léon Dufour, the founder of entomology at the time, and won him the honor of the French Academy. He was awarded the Experimental Physiology Prize. During this period, Fabre also devoted his energy to the research of the natural dye madder or alizarin. The red color on the French soldiers' military trousers at that time came from madder powder.

In 1860, Fabre obtained three patents for such research. Later, Fabre was invited by Victor Druid, the Minister of Education of the Republic of Korea, to be responsible for the organization and teaching of an adult night school, but his free teaching methods caused dissatisfaction among some people. So he quit his job and settled down with his family in Orange, where they stayed for more than ten years. During these more than ten years, Fabre completed the first volume of "Insects" which later became ten volumes. During this period, he went to Wandu Mountain many times with his friends to collect plant specimens. In addition, he also got acquainted with the British philosopher Mill, but Mill died young, so that the plan they had previously planned, the "Vaucluse Vegetation Grand View," was aborted.

At the same time, a great misfortune befell Fabre: he had six children. Among them, the only son Jules, who had the same interests as his father and loved observing nature, passed away at the age of sixteen. After that, Fabre dedicated several plants he discovered to Jules, who died young, to express his memory. The study of fungi has always been one of Fabre's hobbies.

In 1878, he wrote many wonderful academic articles on the theme of fungi in Vaucluse. He also studied the wild rice in great detail and described its aroma in detail. Gourmets claim that they can taste all the flavors he described from real wild rice.

In 1879, Fabre bought the Barren Stone Garden [font color=#000000] in Selignan and lived there until his death. This is a barren and barren land, but it is a land loved by insects. In addition to being a place for his family to live, it also has his study room, studio and experimental field, where he can quietly concentrate on thinking and devote himself wholeheartedly to his work. Through various observations and experiments, it can be said that this is the world he has always dreamed of. It was here that Fabre, while conducting observations and experiments, compiled the observation notes, experimental records and scientific notes he had spent studying insects in the first half of his life, and completed the last nine volumes of "Insects". Today, this former residence has become a museum, quietly located in the botanical garden with a rich Provence style. [/font]

Fabre insisted on self-study throughout his life. He obtained a bachelor's degree in business, a bachelor's degree in mathematics, a bachelor's degree in natural sciences, and a doctorate in natural sciences. He was proficient in Latin and Greek and loved the ancient Roman writer Heli. The works of Lars and the poet Virgil. He was also almost self-taught in painting and watercolor, and left many exquisite illustrations of fungi that were praised by Nobel Prize winner and French poet Frederic Mistral. In Fabre's later years, the success of "Insects" won him the reputation of "Homer of the Insects" and "Poet of Science", and his achievements were widely recognized by society. Although Fabre received many scientific titles, he remained as simple as ever, shy and humble, and lived a life of poverty. His talent was admired by literati and scholars at that time, including British biologist Darwin, 1911 Nobel Prize winner for literature - Belgian playwright Maeterlinck, German writer Junger, French philosopher Bergson, poet Ma Latin American and Provence writers Roumanier and others. Because "Insects" accurately recorded Fabre's experiments and revealed many secrets about insect life and living habits, Darwin called Fabre an "inimitable observer." When he lived in Selignan, many scholars and writers came to visit him. Fabre received scholars such as Pasteur and the British philosopher Mill in his residence, but his correspondence with them was not frequent. Victor Druid, Minister of Education of the Republic of China, recommended Fabre to Napoleon III, who awarded him the Order of Honor. French politician Raymond Poincaré was passing through Selignan and made a special detour to pay his respects to the Stone Park. Fabre, who had multiple identities, wrote a wide variety of works: as a naturalist, he left many academic treatises on plants and animals, including "Madder: Patents and Treatises", "Animals of Avignon", "Wild Wilds", " "Toadstools on the Olive Trees", "Grape Phylloxera", etc.; as a teacher, he wrote many chemical physics textbooks; as a poet, he wrote many poems in Provence in southern France, and was affectionately called by the locals. He is a "gadfly poet". In addition, he also translated the works of some Provence poets into French; in his spare time, he also used his small harmonica to compose some ditties. However, the longest, most important, and most well-known of Fabre's works is still "Insects". This work not only demonstrates his talents in scientific observation and research and literary talent, but also conveys his humanistic spirit and incomparable love for life to readers.