A food calorimeter is a list drawn or listed according to the energy contained in a unit quantity of food (for example, 1g) for reference in diet and health care. Different foods produce different energy.

The following table:

The calories contained in food are not equal to the calories absorbed

Richard wrangham, an evolutionary biologist at Harvard University in the United States, studied the calories contained in food and the digestion and absorption of these calories by people. I don't know if I don't study it. I was shocked when I studied it. He found that the heat meter was full of mistakes.

The current food calorimeter for estimating calories was actually made by American agricultural chemist Wilbur Olin atwater in the late 19th century and early 2th century. This is a very simple system. protein is calculated at 4 calories per gram, fat at 9 calories per gram, carbohydrate at 4 calories per gram, and later generations added that cellulose is calculated at 2 calories per gram.

with the unit calories of these ingredients, the total calories of a food is the sum of the calories of various ingredients it contains. This is the origin of food calorimeter.

wrangham found that the biggest problem of this system is the inaccurate calorie estimation of cooked food. According to the past concept, cooked food is usually considered to contain less calories than raw food because some food ingredients are lost in the process of cooking.

However, for meat, the process of cooking food makes the collagen in the meat gel, which makes the meat easier to chew and digest.

from the perspective of energy consumption of human body to digest food, it takes about 5% to 3% less energy to digest cooked food than raw food, which has not counted the reduction of gastric acid consumption. Since cooked food reduces the energy consumed in digesting food, wrangham believes that cooked food should contain more calories than raw food when calculating calories, not the other way around.

Similar to meat, high temperature can denature protein in some vegetables, such as potatoes, thus making potatoes easier to be digested by the digestive tract and increasing the calories that people can absorb.

the way of food processing is very important for the absorption of heat. For example, starch contained in some barley and beans takes a long time to digest. However, the same barley and beans are very easy to digest and absorb if they are processed into powder or instant things, such as porridge powder and bean powder.

According to scholars' rough estimation, for the same food, if the size of the food block is doubled, the body energy required to digest the food will also be doubled. This is why bread is easy to digest, while beans are difficult to digest. The former is made of flour, while the latter remains the same.

Chewing with your mouth can make food pieces smaller and more fully contact with digestive juice, so you can absorb more calories.

In addition, the decomposition of intestinal bacteria also has an important influence on the digestion and absorption of food. The speed of food itself passing through the digestive tract is also fast and slow, some can get enough time to digest, while others are excreted before digestion. These factors need to be considered comprehensively when calculating calorie intake.

Extended information:

1. Aerobic exercise time is less than 3 minutes, and you can't lose weight.

in the first 3 minutes of exercise, you will consume water and sugar in your body, and then you will start to consume fat after 3 minutes. Reducing water and sugar can only temporarily reduce weight, and only by consuming fat can we really achieve the goal of losing weight.

This is better than spending cash in your wallet in the first 3 minutes, and spending money in the bank after 3 minutes. Short-term exercise will reduce blood sugar in the body and cause hunger. If you eat and drink after exercise, you will gain weight.

2. Many people's exercise methods are chaotic and unscientific.

To lose weight through exercise, you must have a complete plan to get twice the result with half the effort.

3. Exercise intensity is also an influencing factor.

Exercise to lose weight is to promote energy consumption. At the same time of exercise, the energy consumption of high intensity is definitely much lower than that of low intensity, so the weight loss effect is more obvious. Xiao Liu lacks exercise time and intensity every day.

Reference:

People's Daily Online: What kind of exercise is the most slimming? The "6-minute exercise consumption calorimeter" tells you

Fenghuang. com: The calorimeter cheated us.