Selected Books If kidney removal is not good, then you can’t eat delicious food? The Taoyi nutritionist team has created 82 delicious recipes tailored for patients undergoing dialysis. The content takes into account both meat and vegetarian diets. The recipes are simple and easy to use. Not only does it have a clear nutritional analysis and food category allocation table, but it also has thoughtful demonstrations. Meal, so that patients undergoing dialysis can choose wisely, eat with peace of mind, and enjoy delicious food without any burden! Intake of appropriate protein and calories. Since hemodialysis will lose some amino acids and proteins, the protein requirement is higher than without dialysis. Each meal should contain protein with high biological value, and protein with low biological value should be consumed less. When the quality of protein in food is good and the amount is sufficient, it is called high biological value protein (high physiological value protein). This type of protein can be effectively absorbed and utilized by the human body. Generally speaking, animal foods are mostly high biological value proteins, such as: chicken, duck, fish, meat, eggs, soy products and dialysis special nutritional foods, etc.; plant foods are mostly of poor quality and low human utilization rate. Low biological value protein (low physiological value protein), such as: gluten products, dry beans such as red beans and mung beans, except soybeans and their products. However, animal foods that are rich in protein usually also contain more animal fats, so you need to pay special attention to the nutritional balance when ingesting them. If hemodialysis patients do not take in enough calories, the body's tissue proteins will quickly decompose to generate heat, which will greatly increase the levels of urea nitrogen and potassium in the blood, making the symptoms of uremia worse. Therefore, it is very important to take in enough calories. Both sugar and fat are important sources of calories. ※Urea nitrogen: the main end product after protein metabolism in the human body. Control sodium intake. Excessive sodium intake can cause water retention in the body, weight gain, aggravate symptoms such as edema and hypertension, and even risk inducing congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. However, there is no need to excessively restrict sodium intake, because too little sodium intake can also lead to hyponatremia. In daily life, you need to avoid eating various processed and concentrated foods, such as sauerkraut, potherb, dried radish, bacon, sausage, instant noodles, popcorn, potato chips, seaweed sauce, salad dressing, preserves, cheese, and canned foods. wait. Salt, soy sauce, black vinegar, monosodium glutamate, miso and other condiments must also be measured before use. When cooking, use sugar, white vinegar, pepper, five spice, star anise, pepper, lemon juice, coriander, onion, ginger, garlic and other condiments to increase the palatability of food while controlling the use of sodium. Control potassium intake. Most foods contain potassium. Too high potassium ions can cause arrhythmia and even heart failure. Therefore, special attention must be paid to dietary intake to maintain blood potassium within the normal range. Because potassium ions are easily soluble in water and are commonly found in various foods, those with high blood potassium can use the following methods to reduce their potassium intake: Vegetables: blanch them in boiling water, pick them up, and then stir-fry or stir-fry them in oil. Avoid vegetable soups, energy soups and lettuce. Fruits: It is forbidden to eat star fruits, and avoid high-potassium fruits such as melons, peaches, and kiwis, as well as dried fruits, juices, etc. It is appropriate to consume 2 servings of fresh fruits per day. Meat: Avoid concentrated soups (such as broth) and rice with gravy, and avoid sashimi. Beverages: Avoid drinking coffee, tea, cocoa, sports drinks, etc. Boiled water is the best choice. Condiments: Do not use low-sodium salt, healthy delicious salt, thin salt and salt-free soy sauce that uses potassium instead of sodium. Do not develop the habit of dipping your food in sauces (such as sand tea sauce, ketchup, sweet noodle sauce, etc.). Others: Chocolate, chicken essence, ginseng essence, Chinese herbal medicine, medicinal soup, nuts and seeds (peanuts, melon seeds, cashew nuts, pine nuts, walnuts, pistachios, almonds, sesame seeds, etc.) have high potassium content and should be consumed with caution. Control the intake of phosphorus. For people with declining kidney function, the kidneys are unable to remove excess phosphorus, and cannot completely remove phosphorus through dialysis. In the end, complications such as hyperthyroidism, bone lesions, and skin itching often occur. The following foods have high phosphorus content and should be avoided: Milk: cow's milk, goat's milk, yogurt, yogurt, cheese, fermented milk, etc. Offal: Pork liver, pig heart, chicken gizzards, etc. Whole grains: lotus seeds, barley, brown rice, oats, whole wheat products, wheat germ, etc. Dry beans: red beans, mung beans, black beans, etc. Nuts and seeds: peanuts, melon seeds, cashews, pine nuts, walnuts, pistachios, almonds, sesame, etc. Beverages: coffee, cocoa, milk tea, etc. Other categories: healthy sugar, yeast powder, lecithin, hot dogs, sausages, hamburger meat, jerky (pine), hot pot ingredients (fish dumplings, tribute balls, etc.), potato chips, pudding, puffs, chocolate, high-quality MSG , curry powder, sand tea sauce, ketchup, bean paste, etc. In addition, patients must also pay special attention to not eating more than 2 egg yolks per week. When using phosphorus binders (phosphorus-lowering agents), they must also be taken with meals to enhance the phosphorus-lowering effect. Control fluid intake Hemodialysis patients must control their fluid intake. The daily fluid intake is the average daily dehydration and urine output plus 750 to 1000 ml, or the weight increase between two dialysis sessions should not exceed 5% of dry body weight. ※Average daily dehydration volume and urine volume = (total dehydration volume during weekly dialysis ÷ 7) + daily residual urine volume. The following tips can help control water intake: ． Weigh yourself every morning and evening to assess whether you have taken in too much water. Pay special attention to the water hidden in food. For example, grass jelly, aiyu, jelly, juicy fruits, etc. have high water content and should not be consumed in excess. ． Put the water you drink in a day in fixed containers and distribute the water evenly.

． After dialysis, because the waste products in the blood are reduced and the osmotic pressure is also low, you usually don't feel thirsty. You can drink less water at this time. Wait until the waste products increase and the osmotic pressure increases before the next dialysis, making it easier to feel thirsty. Drink some water. ． Try to avoid pickled and processed products, and seasonings such as MSG, salt, soy sauce, and black vinegar must also be used with caution. ． Holding hard candies, chewing gum, squeezing a little lemon juice in your mouth, or holding an ice cube made of lemon juice in your mouth and letting the ice cube melt slowly can reduce the feeling of thirst. ． Try doing some light exercise or finding something to do to stay active as much as possible to promote perspiration and relieve the constant urge to drink water. Delicious recipe: Sweet potato rice Ingredients A: 55 grams of sweet potatoes, 80 grams of white rice Ingredients B: Appropriate amount of water Method: 1. Peel the sweet potatoes and cut into small pieces, blanch and set aside. 2. Wash and drain the white rice and set aside. 3. Mix the blanched sweet potatoes and washed white rice, add water, put them into the electric pot and cook together until the switch jumps, then simmer for about 5 to 10 minutes. A little reminder from a nutritionist: ． Both sweet potatoes and white rice are whole grain rhizomes. Adding sweet potatoes to white rice can not only increase nutrition, but also make the color more beautiful. ． Sweet potatoes have a high potassium ion content. If your blood potassium is too high, you can blanch the sweet potatoes and then cook them to reduce the potassium ion content. Delicious recipe: Pan-fried salmon with salt, pepper and lemon Ingredients A: 70 grams of salmon, 1 small slice of lemon (about 2 grams of juice) Ingredients B: 5 grams of olive oil, 0.5 grams of salt, 1 gram of black pepper Method: 1. Mix salt and black pepper , make black pepper and salt and set aside. 2. Heat the pan, fry the salmon on both sides with olive oil, and serve on a plate. 3. Squeeze the lemon juice onto the salmon, then sprinkle with black pepper and salt. Tips from a nutritionist: ． Salmon is rich in protein and fat. When frying, only a small amount of oil is needed. This not only reduces the cooking oil, but also forces out the fat contained in the salmon, reducing the fat content of the dish. Ingredients A: 120 grams of sweet potato leaves. Ingredients B: 6 grams of minced garlic, 5 grams of soy sauce, and a little cold water. Method: 1. Blanch the sweet potato leaves until cooked, remove and serve on a plate. 2. Mix ingredient B into garlic sauce and pour it on the sweet potato leaves on the plate. A little reminder from a nutritionist: ． Sweet potato leaves have high potassium ions, so you can pick the sweet potato leaves one by one and boil them until the potassium ions dissolve into the water, thereby reducing the potassium ion content of the leaves. (Potassium ions are water-soluble and easily soluble in water). Sweet potato leaves are rich in vitamin A, so they need to be eaten with fatty dishes to increase the absorption of vitamin A.

(Vitamin A is fat-soluble)