Yashan Mountain is located in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, about 50 kilometers south of Xinhui City, from which Yinzhou Lake goes to sea and is also the entrance and exit of ebb and flow. There is a cliff mountain in the east and a bottle mountain in the west. The vein of the two mountains extends southward into the sea, so it is called Yamen. The famous Yashan naval battle took place here. The naval battle ended in the total annihilation of Song Jun. Minister Lu Xiufu committed suicide carrying Zhao, the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, who was 8 years old. This battle marked the demise of the Song Dynasty.

The Battle of Cliff Mountain The Yuan Dynasty perished in the Southern Song Dynasty, so where was the Cliff Mountain at that time?

The popularity of Cliff Mountain is not as good as that of Wuyue Mountain in China, but it should not be easy for basin friends who know the historical time to be unfamiliar with it. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was an earth-shattering fierce confrontation-the Yashan naval battle. Although more than 700 years have passed, the desperate and indomitable spirit of the Song military police at the last moment is truly admirable. Let's talk about the cliff mountain again.

Where is the cliff mountain?

In Yazhou, Sanya, Hainan, there is a very famous area called Cape Tianya. Some people think that Yashan is in Sanya, but in fact it is in Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. Xinhui is located in the middle and lower reaches of Tanjiang River, bordering Zhongshan City in Guangdong Province in the east, Doumen City in Zhuhai City in the south, Taishan and Kaiping in Jiangmen City in the west and Jiangmen City in the north. Xinhui has a history of 1800 years and was once the management center of this area. Xinhui County was established in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Zhou Gang was established in the Sui Dynasty. Xinhui City was the third Bazhou after Guangzhou and Chaozhou in the Ming Dynasty.

Yashan is about 50 kilometers south of Xinhui District. This is the outer Manchuria of Yinzhou Lake. Cliff Mountain and Tang Ping stand tall, and Yinzhou Lake straddles the two mountains and pours into the sea. These two mountains are like a gate, guarding the road to the sea, hence the name Yamen. Now Yamen overpass has been completed, with a total length of 1289 meters. Yashan and Tang Ping are composed of a series of mountains, including Niuguling and Fengshan, and Tang Ping is composed of Jushan and Mazong Mountain. The advantage of terrain insurance is in Yamen area. The palace of the small imperial court in Song Dynasty was placed on the hill on the east side of Yinzhou Lake.

Xiangjiang River is the third largest river in China after Xiangjiang River and Dahe River. It originates from Maxiong Mountain in Wumeng Mountain System of Sichuan Basin, and flows through Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces and northern Vietnam. The total length of its main tributaries is about 1. 1 10,000 km. There are eight estuaries in the middle and lower reaches of Xiangjiang River, which is called "Eight Gates of Xiangjiang River". These eight doors are Humen, Jiaomen, Hongqi, Hengmen, Modaomen, Jiming, Jumping Humen and Yamen. Among them, Humen, Dongguan is well known. Historically, Lin Zexu and the opium destruction in Humen were both here.

Yamen is the westernmost pass of Eight Guanzhong in Xiangjiang River. Yamen Waterway-Yinzhou Lake and Hutiaomen Waterway in the east are Y-shaped. Yamen naval battle took place in the waters of Yinzhou Lake. In the cliff-mountain confrontation, Zhang Hongfan led the Mongolian imperial network water army to set foot in the Hutiaomen Waterway, and stopped the Song army in Yinzhou Lake, and finally Song Jun was wiped out.

Why is Yinzhou Lake called Lake?

It is clear now that Yinzhou Lake is a river. Why is it called a lake? In the Pearl River Delta, many estuaries used to be called "seas" or "lakes", which were originally part of the sea. Later, the land around the fine sand deposit became the present geological structure. After the twentieth century, due to the harm of modern natural geography, most of them are called rivers and waterways.

In ancient times, the waters of the Pearl River Delta were not as south as they are now. Haizhu District of Guangzhou, Panyu District of Guangzhou, Zhongshan City of Guangdong Province, Zhongshan City, Quanzhou City and Macau are all in the middle of the sea. Now the hills by the sea are just islands in the sea. In the Song Dynasty, Yashan was a very big island. There are many islands with irregular distribution in the north of Yashan Island, and there are hundreds of years of fine sand alluvial fans. These scattered islands have long since disappeared. Now the northern part of Yashan Island is basically connected with land.

1273, the Yuan army conquered Wuhan, a national defense town in the Song Dynasty, and went down the Han River to occupy Wuchang District. In the Song Dynasty, the Xiangjiang defense line collapsed instantly, and Jiankang (now Nanjing) was quickly conquered by the unstoppable Yuan Army. Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, is in danger.

1276, the yuan army attacked Lin' an, Hangzhou, and Zhao (Xi' an) reduced the yuan. Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and other dignitaries established Zhao as emperor in Wenzhou, and later developed all the way to Guangdong Province. On the way back to Leizhou Peninsula, Zhao suffered a strong typhoon and fell into the water and fell ill and died. His younger brother Zhao was named Shaodi. In the Song Dynasty, the small court retreated to the cliff mountain and built a palace on it. Empress Dowager Cixi, the emperor, civil and military officials, officers and men attached to them and their relatives all live in Yashan Island. Unexpectedly, it became the final palace in the Song Dynasty, and now it has become a tourist attraction-the Yamen maritime war cultural and artistic scenic spot in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

1279, Yuan army soldiers were divided into two ways: one was to set foot in coastal areas led by Zhang Hongfan; A route led by Hengli attacked the cliff mountain from south Jiangxi. Hundreds of thousands of military forces and thousands of warships fought each other. In the end, the Song Dynasty was defeated, and Lu Xiufu committed suicide by jumping into the sea with the little emperor on his back. Hundreds of soldiers, policemen and civilians died generously in the Song Dynasty. How tragic.

Where is Guangdong Yashan?

Guangdong Yashan is located at130km south of Guangzhou, which belongs to the border of Gujing Town, Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. Xinhui used to be a city, but it was later incorporated into Jiangmen City and reduced to a district below Jiangmen City.

There is an intercity train between Xinhui District and Guangzhou, which takes 50 minutes by car. However, the distance from Xinhui Station to Yashan is still relatively far, about 40 kilometers. If you take a bus, it will take about an hour and a half, and you will pass the former residence of Liang Qichao on the way.

Therefore, if you want to visit the cliff mountain, you can visit the former residence of Liang Qichao, and you will have plenty of time in a day.

Besides, Xinhui District is not only a cliff, but also a Confucius Temple named Xinhui Gong Xue, which is also worth visiting.

Yashan is famous because there was a naval battle in Yashan. There is a saying that because of this battle, there is no China after the cliff mountain.

The Battle of Yashan, also known as Yamen Battle, Yamen Battle and Yamen Battle in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, was a large-scale naval battle between the two armies of Song and Meng in 1279 (the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, the sixteenth year of Yuan Dynasty), and it was also a rare naval battle in ancient China.

The Battle of Cliff Mountain was the last decisive battle between Song and Yuan Dynasties, which ended in the complete annihilation of Song Jun, and this battle marked the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. This is also the first time that the Central Plains Dynasty was conquered by nomadic people in the north.