Ping Huang Jiuzhou is a basin formed by Yanshan orogeny, which is surrounded by mountains, overlapping layers, with dams in the middle, criss-crossing buildings, pleasant climate, abundant products, rich in wealth and famous in the sea. From the Zhou and Qin Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were all county and state governments. Because of the convenient transportation of dancing water through Yuanjiang River, Yangtze River and Yunnan and Guizhou to Jingdu, merchants gathered in the past dynasties and the market flourished. With the frequent entry and exit of outsiders, various cultures have also poured in, interacting and colliding with local cultures, forming a multicultural melting pot with heavy civilization, and its architecture is also unique.

according to historical records, before the song dynasty, the old city was originally built in tianguanzhai (more than 8 meters north of the old city), and it was moved to its current address after the song dynasty. After more than 2, years of vicissitudes, the original ancient city has collapsed, rotted and disappeared.

today's ancient city of Jiuzhou was built in the sixth year of Zongbaoyou (1258). After the Yuan Dynasty, it was destroyed and rebuilt several times. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (around 1571), Guo Zizhang, the governor of Guizhou Province, wrote a title to set up a state, and ordered Cao Jin to supervise and repair the state again. The city wall is built with stone as the foundation and brick as the wall. It is solid and magnificent, and the project is huge. It has four gates, east, west, north and south. It is called "Not Spring", later changed to "Longyuan", south to "Seven Stars", later changed to "Qingyun", west to "Qingcheng", later changed to "Dongping", north to "Vu Thang" and later changed to "Qing 'an". Each city gate has a tower placed on it, which is shaped like a resting mountain or a hanging mountain. It is built with green bricks and has two or three floors, which is used to guard against the enemy. In addition, there are four forts and five water outlets, with a circumference of nine miles, three minutes and eighteen steps (462 meters). After that, Li Fengchun, the state animal husbandry, built 1,3 additional buildings in the city. In 1633, the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, it was repaired, and a patrol horse path and several cities were built on the city wall. A moat was also built with the dancing water flowing eastward from the north side. In 1737, the second year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Governor Zhang Guangsi wrote the title of Zhizhou Jinzuozhen to repair the city wall, increasing it to 4,223 meters, and built a new city gate at Xiaoximen. At this point, the city wall architecture is complete, solid and magnificent, and the city appearance is neat in Guizhou. The site selection of the old city of Jiuzhou is unique, based entirely on China's ancient geomantic theory, and designed according to the five elements of dragon, sand, water, cave and direction. It is reasonable and beautiful to build on the mountain. In the late Qing dynasty, after several wars and fires, the magnificent city appearance was greatly reduced. In the Republic of China, the water hit the Laoliba dam in the west of the city, and the flood washed away the riverbank. The bustling Laoliba street became a floodplain, and more than 2, residents were devastated. The county magistrate Shen Linshu ordered the stone of the city wall to be demolished to build the riverbank, and the city wall began to be destroyed on a large scale. After liberation, due to the weak consciousness of local leaders in the protection of cultural relics, the city wall stones were randomly removed as the cornerstone of grain depots. In 1958, the Liangchahe Reservoir was built in the Great Leap Forward, and all the wall stones were removed in one fell swoop. Now the ruins are still clearly visible.

The street residence

The street of the old city of Jiuzhou has a unique style. The street network is mainly distributed in the west and north directions near the dancing water to facilitate drainage, while the secondary roads are either east-west or north-south. The two main roads are mainly in the east and west directions, and the streets and lanes cross each other, extending in all directions in the city. The streets and lanes are all paved with natural stone pebbles in the local river, showing the shape of a fish's back, and the streets are not slippery in rain and snow, which is different from other cities.

There are many streets in the old city of Jiuzhou. From west to north, the main street section is Laoliba, and after crossing Fuzhong Bridge, it is Mendongpo, West Street, Cangpo, Crossstreet, Beimen Street and Sancha Bridge, with a total length of more than 3, meters. Secondary roads, from west to north, are Majiaxiang, Carpenter Street, Madian Street, Guojiaxiang and Beimen Street in turn. Street lanes connecting the main and secondary roads and extending are Xinjie, Zhuzi City, Yuetai, Miscellaneous Grains City, Laiziwan, Liujiaxiang, Qijia Lane, Caishen Lane, Sunjiawan, chayuan, Tangchong Bay and Zhongquan Lane, which form a vertical and horizontal network system. There are hidden drains on both sides of the street, which converge in several large drains and flow into the Wushui River. This large, well-organized drainage system is rare in ancient urban buildings, and it still has reference for today's urban construction.

The houses on both sides of the street are all imprintable buildings separated by high bank up walls. The houses are all brick-and-wood quadrangles, with cornices and corners, like Chun Yan spreading its wings. Houses are connected in rows, separated by brick high walls, and 1-2 meters beyond the houses. The shape of the top of the wall is mostly double-slope and double-eave overlapping horse-head gable, and the conspicuous place on the outside of the wall is painted with phoenix and plastic dragon, which is lifelike, not only beneficial to fire prevention and theft, but also very elegant. The sun dam, hall, bedroom, granary, kitchen, well, sun building, toilet, etc. in the courtyard are all equipped with complete functions, which are typical of the houses in the south of the Yangtze River. There are also two sets of pavements on both sides of the front door of the house facing the street, which are used for commercial operation of line numbers and arranged in pieces to make the city look neat. The entrance depth of Yinzi House varies according to the terrain and financial resources. Generally, it is 1-2 entrances, and most of them are 3-4 entrances. The courtyard is in the middle, paved with stones, and the hatchback is used as a room. It is spacious and natural, exquisite and elegant, exquisite and simple, with a sunny courtyard and a deep well, forming a unique courtyard scenery of the old city. Among them, the houses of big businessmen and tycoons are mostly built tall and magnificent, magnificent, with huge materials, exquisite workmanship, ingenious structure and extraordinary momentum. The bedroom is elegantly decorated, the hall is decorated with calligraphy and painting, chess and piano, the doors and windows are beautifully carved, and the garden is unique and unique. There are more than 2, houses in the city, with natural and reasonable layout, neat and beautiful.

(1) Lushi Mansion

The typical residential building is Lushi Qing Chuan Mansion, a giant businessman, which is located in the middle of West Street, bordering West Street in the north and Majiaxiang in the south. There are nine patios in the mansion, covering an area of more than 1,2 square meters. It is a closed building with high bank up wall. There are five main rooms and many wing rooms in the printing courtyard. The main rooms are arranged according to the north and south main axes, except one building facing the street for business room, the rest are all in the unified seal hospital. There is a high and thick wall in front of the second main building in the north, which is connected by stone gates. Every two main rooms in the courtyard are built with a building hanging from the top of the hill, all made of huge high-quality wood, forming a courtyard of the printing house, with a large scale and many stone gates. On the door stone, the book is engraved with the words "Reading sages' books is clear and courteous; Doing righteousness and doing things far and wide, and so on. Doors and windows porch, beautifully carved; Hall room, calligraphy and painting, piano and chess; Goutou tile, specially made; Printing the ridge eaves of the wall, casting dragons and plastic phoenix, lifelike; Full of strong traditional architectural flavor of Bashu, Hunan and Hubei.

(2) Zhu's residence

Zhu's residence (1 pieces)

(built in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty) is located on the north side of Xiajie, West Street. The Zhu's residence is located opposite the Tianhou Palace in Xiajie, covering an area of 893 square meters, and consists of a street shop, a wing, a building and three mountain screen walls on the east and west sides. Its architectural carving craft is exquisite, the shape is beautiful, the knife method is skillful, and the lines are smooth, which is superior in architectural carving. Between the swallow mouth on the main room, the lintel of the gate is carved with the "double phoenix facing the sun" riding tooth. The windows on both sides of the room are carved with auspicious patterns such as "Fishing Vertebra for Farming and Reading", "five blessings", "Celebrating the Birthday of Eight Immortals" and "Calligraphy and Painting with Qinqi". The carving techniques are superb, and the figures of flowers and birds are exquisite. On the brick wall on the west side of the courtyard, there is a pile of flowers in relief, and the fire-fighting stone water tank under it is engraved with exquisite patterns such as "Fish Leaping Longmen". The rockery is weird, the vines are climbing, the flowers are gorgeous, and the rare trees are planted skillfully. It is simply a pocket fairyland. It is amazing to watch it.

(3) Dayuanfa "

Dayuanfa" (1 pieces)

Founded in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, it is located on the south side of the middle street of West Street, covering an area of 1,195 square meters, with the building facing south and north, arranged along the longitudinal axis. The whole group of buildings has one floor and one bottom, six main rooms and eight wing rooms. Masonry a partition wall behind the third main building in the north (leaving a gate passage). Divided into front and back (north and south) two printing houses. The front (north) printing house has 3 main rooms and 4 wing rooms, and the back (south) printing house has 3 main rooms and 4 wing rooms. The whole building is large in scale, precise in layout, ingenious in design, exquisitely carved and unique.

temples and temples

In the old days, there were many temples, temples and temples in Jiuzhou, which were called "nine palaces, eight temples, three temples, four pavilions and five halls". In fact, there are nearly 5 temples, temples, halls, temples and temples outside the city, which is the most famous in Guizhou. "Jiugong" refers to Wanshou Palace, Wantong Palace, Tianhou Palace, Renshou Palace, Wenchang Palace, Yu Palace, Chongfu Palace, etc. "Eight Temples" refers to Confucian Temple, Chenghuang Temple, Black Temple, Guandi Temple, Erlang Temple, Wuxian Temple, Mazu Tempel, etc. "Three temples" refers to Putuo Temple, Guangchang Temple and Command Temple; "Four pavilions" refer to Chang Gung Pavilion, Kuixing Pavilion and Yuhuang Pavilion. "Nine Palaces" is the product of the integration of Hunan and Hubei architecture, Bashu architecture and local ethnic and folk architecture technology under specific social and historical conditions, which is quite large and characteristic. Its architectural feature is that it is surrounded by high-wind and fire walls, covering an area of more than 1, square meters, including memorial archway, front door, front compartment, front hall, courtyard dam or stage, main hall and side hall. Most of the temples are single-eave, hard-topped, beam-lifting and bucket-piercing hybrid structures. The layout of the whole palace (museum) is rigorous, and the production skills of bucket arches and carvings are exquisite. The construction of each palace is very different and unique. All kinds of drama organizations that come to the old state borrow halls or temples to perform. Wanshou Palace, Renshou Palace, Sichuan Guild Hall, etc., can accommodate 7-9 spectators, while the stage of Chenghuang Temple is an open-air theater, which can accommodate thousands of people. "Eight temples, three temples and four pavilions" are typical buildings of Buddhism, Taoism and Catholicism, with exquisite modeling techniques, grandeur, grandeur, solemnity and awe. There are many clay sculptures of ghosts and gods built in the temple, which are lifelike and lifelike.

The rise of temples in Jiuzhou can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. According to the Records of Ping Huang Prefecture in Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty, the Baoxiang Temple in the eastern suburbs is the "Li Tang Ancient Temple"; Baozhu Temple in Cenhua (1 km north of the city) is a Buddhist temple in the Song Dynasty. Fuzhiyuan in the city is a Taoist temple in the Yuan Dynasty; Taiping Temple in Qinpo (1 km northeast of the city) was built in the early Ming Dynasty; The Taoist Yuxu Mansion at the top of the Drum Tower was well-known in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and there were endless visitors. Later, Buddhism and Taoism merged into this mountain, and the "Drum Tower Wonderland" jumped to the top of the "Sixteen Scenes of Old State". In the Ming Dynasty, the views of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Jiuzhou gradually flourished, reaching its peak in the Qing Dynasty. In the nearly 3 years of Qing Dynasty, there were not only many temples in the ancient city of Jiuzhou, but also with the development of commercial economy, businessmen and gentlemen from other provinces poured in, and correspondingly, some fellow townsmen's halls were built as meeting places for fellow townsmen. Clubs built in Jiuzhou include Fujian Guild Hall (Tianhou Palace), Jiangxi Linjiangfu Guild Hall (Renshou Palace), Sichuan Guild Hall (Wanshou Palace), Jiangxi Guild Hall (Wanshou Palace), Jiangnan Guild Hall, Lianghu Guild Hall and Yunnan Guild Hall. Among them, Jiangxi Guild Hall has a large scale and exquisite carving, which is rare in Guizhou. The old state suffered many wars in history, and these temples and palaces were also destroyed and revived. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1855), the whole city was destroyed by fire. In Guangxu generation, it was basically restored and beautifully built, which reflected the traditional architectural art in southern China to the fullest. From time to time, there is a folk song saying: "From a distance, it looks like a temple, but from a close look, it will never be marked. You can't afford the whole thing, but someone wants it." This paper selects several typical temples, pavilions and halls for readers.

Main ancient buildings in North Street:

Guangchang Temple, Zhigui Temple, Chenghuang Temple, Tiandi Temple, Fire Temple, Wu Temple, Dousha, Jiangnan Guild Hall, Si Yang Temple, Black Temple, Erlang Temple, Crystal Temple, etc.

Main ancient buildings in South Street:

Xuanyuan Temple, Meige Temple, Yu Palace, Zhangye Temple, Caishen Temple, Chongsheng Temple, Luban Temple, Tuzhu Temple, Wanshou Palace, Guanyin Temple, Wuxian Temple, Kuige Temple, Confucian Temple, Yuhuang Temple, Zushi Temple, Sunbin Temple, laojunmiao, etc.

Main ancient buildings in the suburbs:

Dongyue Temple, Nanyue Temple, Longwangge, Drum Taishan Temple, Baoxiang Temple, Baozhu Temple, Taiping Temple, Guiyuan Temple, etc.