1. Translation of Lin Qinnan's classical Chinese reading

Lin Qinnan respects his teacher

Original text: When Lin Qinnan Xiaolianshu of Min County was six or seven years old, he studied under ⑥ read. The teacher was so poor that he had no rice for cooking. Lin Zhizhi, who was in urgent need of ② return, filled his socks with ⑦ rice, and carried ⑧ to his teacher. The teacher was angry and said that he had stolen it, but he could not bear it. Lin Gui reported to his mother, who laughed and said, "If your heart is good, how can this not be the gift of Xiu?" He called Bei 4 and set up a private school with rice and a stone, and the teacher accepted it.

Notes ① Lin Qinnan Xiaolianshu (shū): Lin Shu, whose courtesy name is Qinnan, was born in Yan County, Fujian (now Fuzhou). A modern writer, especially famous for his translation of foreign novels. "Xiaolian" was the name given to people in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ②Urgent: in a hurry. ③Shuxiu: Originally refers to ten strips of dried meat. Later, it usually refers to gifts given by students to apprentices or relatives and friends. ④Call to prepare: Ask someone to prepare. ⑤赍(jī): carry. ⑥Follow: follow. ⑦actual: pretend. ⑧Negative: Carrying. ⑨Predicate: say. ⑩But: push back. Translated article Lin Shu (also known as Qinnan, also known as Xiaolian at that time), a native of Min County (now Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), was six or seven years old when he studied with his teacher. The teacher is very poor and has no rice for cooking. When Lin Shu found out, he hurried home, filled his socks with rice, and carried it to the teacher on his back. The teacher was furious and said he had stolen it and refused to accept it. After Lin Shu came back, he told his mother. Her mother smiled and said, "Although your intention is good, is this method (packing rice in socks) a etiquette for students to give gifts to teachers?" Then someone prepared it, and Lin Shu took it with him. I sent it to the private school with a pound of rice, and the teacher accepted it.

Question: Why did Lin Qinnan rush home to get rice to give to the teacher? What kind of person can you tell from this?

Answer Lin Qinnan gave the teacher rice so that the teacher could eat. It can be seen from this that Lin Qinnan is a person who respects teachers, cares about teachers, and repays kindness.

2. The original text and translation of "Selected Classical Chinese Essays" by Nang Ying Night Reading

"Nang Ying Night Reading ①" Classical Chinese text Yin Gong is diligent and tireless ②, erudite and versatile. Poor, don't often get oil. In the summer month, practice the bag ③ to hold dozens of fireflies to illuminate the book, day and night ④ Yan. Notes on words ① Selected from "Book of Jin". Nang Ying: Use a bag to hold fireflies. Nang Ying : Used as a verb in the text, meaning "to pack in a bag". ② Yin Gong is diligent and tireless: Che Yin from the Jin Dynasty is cautious, hard-working and tireless. Gong: means cautious. ③ Lian Nang: Make a bag with white silk. Lian: White silk is used as a verb in the text, meaning "to make with white silk". ④ Night and day: using night to follow day (study). Translation of poems and articles Che Yin, a person from the Jin Dynasty, was cautious, hard-working and tireless, with extensive knowledge and proficiency in learning. . (Cheyin) was from a poor family and could not get sesame oil often (to light a lamp so that he could read under the lamp). On summer nights, (Cheyin) made a (translucent) bag of white silk and filled it with dozens of fireflies to illuminate it. Books, studying day and night. It inspires us that no matter how bad the environment is, we must study hard, so that we will achieve success in the future. 3. Classical Chinese translation

When Zengzi’s wife went to market, his son began to cry. His mother said to him, "If you come back, I will kill the piggy for you."

His wife was coming to the market, and Zeng Zi wanted to catch the piggy and kill it. His wife stopped him and said, "I am playing with the baby." "

Zengzi said: "Infants are not meant to play with their ears. Babies do not have knowledge. They treat their parents as scholars and listen to their parents' teachings. If you bully someone today, you are bullying someone else. If the mother deceives the son, and the son does not believe in his mother, this is not the reason why he has become a religion. "

Then he cooked the pigs.

Translation: Zeng Zi's wife went to the street, and his son was crying to follow her. Zeng Zi's wife had no choice but to say to her son: "You go back, I came back from the street and killed a pig for you to eat. "

As soon as Zengzi's wife came back from the street, Zengzi was about to catch the pig and kill it. His wife dissuaded him and said, "I was just coaxing a child and said I wanted to kill the pig. It was just a joke. . "

Zengzi said: "Children should not be coaxed to play. Children are not sensible. They need to learn all knowledge from their parents and need their guidance. If you deceive him now, you are teaching a child to deceive others. If a mother coaxes a child, the child will not believe his mother. This is not a way to educate a child to become a gentleman. "

After saying this, Zengzi killed the pig and gave it to the child to eat.

Appreciation: In order not to break his promise to the child, Zengzi actually killed the pig and cooked it for the child to eat. The purpose was To educate and influence future generations with an honest and trustworthy attitude towards life, but this is not necessarily the original intention of Han Fei's fable. Han Feizi's original intention was just to promote his legal ideology of respecting law and trust, and asking rulers to enact strict laws. There are laws to follow, laws must be followed, and law enforcement must be strict

Zeng Zi’s clothes were ruined for plowing. The king of Lu sent people to Yan, the feudal city, and said, "Please use this to repair your clothes." "Zengzi didn't accept it. He went there again and again, but he didn't accept it. The messenger said: "Sir, if you don't ask for anything from others, you will give it to others. Why don't you accept it? Zengzi said: "I have heard that those who receive others are afraid of others, and those who give to others are proud of others. Even if a child has a gift, if I am not arrogant, how can I not be afraid?" " In the end, he didn't accept it. Confucius heard it and said: "The words of Shen are enough to complete the integrity. "Zengzi was one of Confucius's most beloved disciples. One day, he was plowing in the fields wearing very shabby clothes. Because he was already very famous at that time, the king of Lu felt that such a celebrity was plowing in the fields wearing such shabby clothes. It was a loss of honor for the state of Lu, and also a loss of face for Zengzi.

So he sent someone to say to Zengzi, "The king sees that you, a famous scholar, are working in such shabby clothes, and he wants to grant you a fief. He has the authority to buy you some clothes." However, Zengzi didn't appreciate it. He refused. There was no other way, so the people sent by the king had to go back. The king asked him to send it again, but Zengzi still refused. He went back and forth many times, but Zengzi refused to accept it. The messenger said, "Sir, this is not what you are asking from others. It is offered to you by others. Why don't you accept it?" Zengzi said a very classic saying. He said, I heard that people who accept gifts from others will be afraid of offending the giver; people who give things to others will show arrogance towards the recipients. So, even if the king rewards me with a fief without showing any arrogance towards me, can I not be afraid of offending him? Later, Confucius learned about this incident. Confucius said that Zeng Shen's words were enough to preserve his integrity. This is human integrity, an integrity that Chinese literati have believed in for thousands of years. Scholars who are far away from us would rather wear shabby clothes than accept gifts from others, even from the monarch. Perhaps in the eyes of today's people, Zengzi was too pedantic. What the king gave as a gift was not his personal property. It should be said that it belonged to the state. It belonged to the state. Don't give it away in vain. There is no need to thank anyone. Besides, the country was so big that Zengzi couldn't live without a little enjoyment. But for the sake of integrity, Zengzi was willing to wear rags, work hard, and live in poverty. It's really incredible. Looking back at the present, there will still be such foolish risks. When accepting bribes, you are afraid that you will not pay bribes; when embezzling national interests, you are afraid that the means will not be ruthless, and you are afraid of not getting enough, so there is no moral integrity. These greedy people can no longer be described as moths. They are a group of people who are gluttonous, and they are gluttonous with the country and the flesh and blood of the people. Zengzi's words have been spoken for thousands of years. What a poor scholar in a slave society said does not need to be worshiped as a doctrine at all. His words are not binding at all, but I still want you to remember this sentence: Receive from others. Those who are afraid of others will be proud of those who give to others; even if there are gifts, how can I not be afraid? 4. Translation of Classical Chinese

Original text of "Habits":

When Rong was young, he studied in Yanghuitang One room to the west. He bent down to read and raised his head to think; when he thought about something, he often got up and circled around the room. There is a depression in the room, and there is a ruler, which is soaked in a wide area. Every time I walk on it, I stumble hard. After a long time, it was settled. One day, his father came to the room, and he smiled and said, "If one family cannot be cured, how can the world be governed by the country?" He ordered the boy to take out the earth and level it. Hou Rong walked on the ground again, trembling and startled, just like the earth suddenly bulges, but when looking down, the ground is calm, then it is flat. Already recovered. It will take a long time to settle down. Alas! There are so many people in the habit! If the foot is walking on flat ground, it will not fit into the depression. If the depression is flat for a long time, it will be suffocating and restless. Therefore, a gentleman's learning is more important than starting with caution.

Notes:

[1] Yanghuitang: the name of Liu Rong’s residence in Xiangxiang, Hunan.

[2] Dip (qīn invade) pornography: gradually expand.

[3]中(zhòng人): hit, penetrate deeply into people.

Liu Rong (1816--1873), a writer in the Qing Dynasty. "Rong" means "Rong". The courtesy name is Meng Rong and the nickname is Xia Xian. A native of Xiangxiang, Hunan. All births. He once held regiment training in the countryside and fought with the Taiping Army in Jiangxi from Zeng Guofan. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he was appointed as the chief envoy of Sichuan. In the same year, Shi Da led his army to Sichuan and was ordered to go to the front to supervise the war against the enemy. Shi was defeated and surrendered to the Qing camp. He sent him to Chengdu and tortured him to death. The following year, he was promoted to governor of Shaanxi and supervised all military affairs in Shaanxi. Later, he was defeated by the Western Nian Army under Zhang Zongyu and was dismissed from his post and returned home. He is the author of "Yanghuitang Poetry Collection", "Si Geng Lu Doubts", etc.

Liu Rong, a writer of the Qing Dynasty, studied in a room on the west side of Yanghui Hall when he was young. He concentrated on something, raised his head and thought when he didn't understand something, and walked around the room when he couldn't think of an answer.

There is a pothole in this house, and Liu Rong always trips over it every time she passes by. At first, he felt very awkward, but over time he got used to it, and walking there felt as safe as walking on flat ground.

Liu Rong's father noticed the potholes in the floor of the house and said to Liu Rong with a smile: "You can't even manage a house, how can you still manage a country?" Then he asked the servant boy to fill the potholes. flat.

After his father left, Liu Rong was reading and thinking about the problem and then pacing around the house. When he walked to the original pothole, he felt a sudden bulge on the ground. He was shocked. When he looked down, he found that the ground was flat. For a whole day, he walked awkwardly for many days before he gradually got used to it.

Liu Rong couldn't help but sigh: "What a center of learning!... Therefore, a gentleman's learning is more important than starting with caution."

(It means: when a person studies , the habits in the initial stage are very important. A gentleman's pursuit of learning should be careful about the development of habits in the initial stage)

Reference materials: 5. Translation of Wang Susanyu's Qindu Classical Chinese

" Original text of "Sanyu Qindu"

If a person is a scholar and refuses to teach, he must first read it a hundred times. It is said that "read it a hundred times, and the meaning will appear by itself." A scholar said: "Bitterness lasts forever." When I encountered him, he said, "Three excesses should be considered." He asked what the meaning of "three excesses" meant. Yu said: "Winter is the remainder of the year, night is the remainder of the day, and rain is the remainder of the hour.

"

The translation of "Sanyu Qindu"

is that a person studies with his teacher. When he encounters a problem, he asks the teacher a question, but the teacher refuses to teach. He only tells the student that he must He first read the book several times, and the meaning of the book will naturally be understood, so he said: "Read it a hundred times, and you will naturally understand the meaning of the book." The person who asked for advice said: "(What you said makes sense), but I just don't have time." . "Dong Yu said: "You should use "Sanyu" time. Someone asked what "Sanyu" is? Dong Yu said: "Sanyu is three kinds of free time." In winter, there is not much farm work. This is the free time of the year; at night, when it is inconvenient to work in the fields, this is the free time of the day; on rainy days, when it is difficult to go out to work, it is also a kind of free time. ” 6. Translation of Liu Shu’s Readings in Classical Chinese

Liu Shu was a young man who was enlightened. He did not want to travel hundreds of miles to seek books. , I read that they were the generals of the Five Dynasties, unknown to others, I can't say that they acted consistently, and I believe it based on the old history. I know Bozhou in the Song Dynasty, and my family has many books. The host bowed politely and said, "This is not what I did, so I will waste my time." "I left. I closed the pavilion alone, chanted the manuscript day and night, stayed for ten days, and finished all the books before leaving. I closed the pavilion alone, chanted the manuscript day and night, stayed for ten days, and finished all the books before leaving.

< p> Liu Shu has been very smart since he was a child. In order to get books to read, he was not afraid of traveling hundreds of miles. He read the books in person and almost forgot to eat and sleep (once). When traveling to Wan'an Mountain, there was a stone tablet on the roadside. After reading the words on it, I knew that it was a general from the Five Dynasties. People were not familiar with his name. Liu Shu was able to tell his life story. After going back, he checked the past history books and found that it was indeed what Liu Shu had said. When Song Cidao was the governor of Bozhou, his family had a lot of books. Liu Shu took a detour to his house to borrow them. Song Cidao prepared delicious food for him every day to show his master's etiquette. Liu Shu said, "This is not the purpose of my coming to your house. It will also delay me." things. "So all these etiquette were removed. Liu Shu stayed alone in his study, reading and copying books day and night. He stayed at Song Cidao's house for more than ten days, read his books and then left.

This is what we learned, and I hope the poster will adopt it. .. 7. Classical Chinese translation

Preface to "The Peach and Plum Garden" by Li Baifu, the reverse journey of all things. I am a passer-by from one generation to the next. How can I be happy when I walk by a candle at night? Fangyuan, the joy of family relationships.

All the handsome people are Huilian; I sing songs, and I feel happy alone.

Open. In the Qiong feast, you can sit on flowers, fly in the wine cup, and be drunk by the moon. If you don't have a good work, how can you express your elegance? If you can't write a poem, you will be punished by the number of gold and valleys.

The world is the inn of all things, and time is the passer-by of all generations. . Life is fleeting, like a dream. How many happy days can there be? There is indeed a reason why the ancients held candles and played at night! What's more, the clear and gentle spring attracts us with beautiful scenery, and nature gives us We have provided a beautiful scenery.

Now we are gathering in the fragrant garden of peaches and plums to talk about the joys between brothers. All brothers are very smart and have Xie Huilian's talents.

Singing poems, I feel ashamed that I can't compare with Xie Kangle. I haven't finished enjoying the scenery of the spring night, and my indulgent talk has turned to elegance.

Setting up a luxurious banquet and sitting down. Among the flowers, wine glasses are passed around frequently, and one is drunk under the moonlight. How can one express elegant feelings without good poetry? According to the precedent of Jinguyuan, he will be punished with three glasses of wine.

Chapter 8 of "Tao Te Ching" The best is like water. Water is good for all things and is disliked by everyone, so it is close to the Tao.

Living in a good place; having a heart that is good; being kind and benevolent; speaking with good faith. ; Governance, good governance; action, good time.

[Translation] The most kind person is like water, which is good at nourishing all things and does not compete with them. , staying in a place that no one likes, so it is closest to the "Tao"

The kindest person is the best at choosing a place to live, his mind is good at keeping calm and unfathomable, and he is good at treating others with sincerity and friendliness. He is selfless, good at speaking and keeping his word, good at streamlining the government, able to manage the country well, able to use his strengths in dealing with things, and good at seizing the opportunity in his actions. It is because of his indisputable virtue that there is no fault in what he does. There will be no blame or blame.

"Snake Catchers Say" The wild snakes in Yongzhou are black and white. If they touch the grass and trees, they will die. The wax is used as bait, which can remove strong winds, contractures, fistulas, and boils, remove dead muscles, and kill three insects.

At the beginning, the imperial physician ordered the king to gather them and give them two per year, so as to recruit those who could catch them. Otherwise, it shall be regarded as rented. The people of eternity are fighting and running around.

Those who have the Chiang family will benefit them for three generations. When asked, he said: "My ancestor died in this way, and my father died in this way.

In the twelve years since my heirship, how many people have died."

I was sad and said: "If it is poisonous, I will report it to those who come to do it. If it is more like a service, or more like a gift, then what will happen?" Wang Ran, a relative of the Jiang family, said with tears in his eyes: "Jun If Xiang Wu is not born, he will be ill for a long time.

My family has lived in this country for three generations. I am now sixty years old, but my neighbors are frowning, leaving their land, drying up their huts, shouting and turning around, exposed to wind and rain, cold and heat, shouting poison and sickness, often borrowing from the dead. . The person who lived with my ancestors now has ten or three rooms. The person who lived with my father now has ten or three rooms. The person who lived with me for twelve years now has four or five rooms.

If you don't want to die, I will move to you.

When the fierce officials come to my hometown, they make noises in the east and west. 1. Lu You built a book nest. Original text: My room. Inside, I may be perching on a casket, lying in front of me, or resting on a bed, looking up at the book. > The guests don’t come, the wife doesn’t meet, and the wind, rain, thunder and hail are changing, and she doesn’t know what’s going on. When idle thoughts arise, she surrounds them with random books, like piles of twigs, or when she can’t walk, she often laughs to herself and says: This is not what I call it. The nest is evil! It invites guests to look at it, but they can't get in. Since they are like this, they can't get out, so they laugh and say: "I believe it looks like a nest!" - Translation from "Weinan Collected Works": In my house, Some books are piled on wooden boxes, some are displayed in front, and some are placed on the bed. Looking up and down, there is nothing that is not a book.

My diet and daily life are sick***. , I feel sad, sad, angry, and sigh, and I am never not with the book. The guests do not come to visit, the wife and children do not see each other, and the wind, rain, thunder, hail and other (weather) changes are not known.

Occasionally I want to stand up, but the messy books surround me, like accumulated dead branches. Sometimes I can’t walk (to the point), so I laugh to myself and say: "I didn’t say that." Bird's nest? "So he invited the guests to come closer and take a look. The guests could not enter at first, and those who had already entered the house could not come out. So (the guest) also laughed and said: "It does look like a bird's nest. ”

The original text of Dong Yu’s talk about “San Yu”’s diligent reading: There was a person who was a scholar but refused to teach, so he said: “You must read it a hundred times first.” He said: “Read it a hundred times, and the meaning will be apparent to you. . ”

A scholar said: “Bitterness and thirst will never last.” " Yu Yan said: "It should be more than three. "

Or ask about the meaning of "three surplus". Yu said: "Winter is the remainder of the year, night is the remainder of the day, and rain is the remainder of the hour. "

-- Selected from "Three Kingdoms·Dong Yu Biography" Translation: There was a person who wanted to ask Dong Yu for advice. Dong Yu refused to teach, but said: "You must read it a hundred times before doing this. "It means: "Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will naturally appear. "

The person who asked for advice said: "I suffer from lack of time. Dong Yu said: "We should use 'Sanyu'." "

Someone asked about the meaning of "Sanyu". Dong Yu said: "Winter is the spare time of the year (where you can study), night is the spare time during the day (where you can study), and the days when it rains Suitable for all seasons. "Zhang Pu and "Qi Lu Zhai" Original text: (Zhang) Pu was fond of learning when he was young.

What he read must be copied by hand, and the money has been read aloud. After passing it, it was burned and money was printed again. This has been done since the sixth or seventh year. . The right hand holds the tube, and the palms of the fingers become cocoons.

In winter, the hands are chapped and the water is boiled several times. Later, the book is called "Qilu"... Pu is quick in poetry and searching in all directions. He didn't draft anything, but just brushed it off to the guests, and he was done in a short time, so he became famous for a while.

- Selected from "History of the Ming Dynasty·Biography of Zhang Pu" Translation: Zhang Pu was very studious when he was young, and he read a lot of books. It must be copied by hand. After copying and reciting, it is burned and then copied again. The place where the pen is held in the right hand is calloused.

In winter, the skin of his hands was frozen and cracked, so he soaked his hands in hot water several times a day. Later, the room where he studied was called "Qilu"... Zhang Pu wrote poems and compositions with quick thinking, and people from all walks of life asked questions. He asked for poems, but he didn't draft them, so he was. He taught me to read many ancient poems and some of them were long, so I borrowed them from other people in Luli to read them, so I forgot to sleep and eat all day and night, so I only wrote poems from an early age. Writing words and writing is like an adult.

Translation

Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family was poor and he had no money to support him in studying. He painted, taught him how to write, and also taught him how to read many ancient poems. When he got older and there were no books to read at home, he would go to nearby scholars to borrow books and read them, and sometimes he would continue copying them day and night. , forgetting sleep and food, just devoting himself to reading. From childhood to writing poems and poems, his writing is at an adult level, so high. 9. Zu Ying's secret reading of classical Chinese translation

Zu Ying, whose courtesy name is Yuan Zhen, is Fan Yang. Qiuren.

His father named Jizhen as the minister of Zhongshu and the prefect of Julu. Zu Ying was able to recite "Poems" and "Books" at the age of eight, and was a student of Zhongshu at the age of twelve.

He likes to study and is obsessed with reading. He studies day and night. His parents are afraid that he will get sick and forbid him but cannot make him stop reading. He often secretly hides charcoal in the ashes and rushes to study. He waited until his parents fell asleep, lit charcoal to read, and used his clothes and quilt to cover the windows and doors, fearing that light would leak out and be discovered by his family. Because of this incident, his reputation spread even more, both inside and outside. Relatives call him Sheng Xiaoer. He especially likes to write articles. Gao Yun, the Supervisor of Zhongshu, sighed every time: "This child's talent is beyond the reach of most people, and he will eventually achieve great results."

At that time, Zhang Tianlong, a doctor of Zhongshu, was explaining "Shangshu", Zu Ying was selected as the speaker. The students all gathered to listen. Zu Ying was not tired from studying at night. She didn't know it was dawn. The teacher was very eager to rush the lecture, so he mistakenly took the volume of "Quli" written by Zhaojun Li Xiaoyi, a student who lived in the same room. Just went to the class.

The doctor was stern and he did not dare to go back, so he put "Quli" in front of him and recited many "Shangshu" without missing a word. After finishing speaking, Xiaoyi was surprised by him and told the doctor about it. All the students were surprised.

After Emperor Gaozu heard about this, he summoned him to the palace and asked him to recite the chapters and verses of the Five Classics and state their general meaning. The emperor praised and rewarded him. He relied on his talents to serve as a bachelor of Taixue. 10. Translation of Cugu Night Reading Classical Chinese

Original text: Su Qin was from Luoyang. He learned the art of vertical and horizontal, and lobbied the King of Qin. He wrote ten books but did not use them. He was short of resources and returned home in poverty. At home, the wife does not make trouble, the sister-in-law does not provide food for the family, and the parents do not consider themselves a son. Su Qin sighed and said: "This is all Qin's fault!" Then he read angrily and said: "Is there anyone who says that people are masters but can't do it?" When he was about to fall asleep while reading, he used the awl to stab his buttocks, and blood flowed to his feet. The later soldiers united with Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Han to fight against Qin, and wore the seals of the six kingdoms.

Translation: Su Qin was from Luoyang. He learned the strategy of combining vertical and horizontal lines, and persuaded the King of Qin. He wrote more than ten proposals, but they were of no use. In the end, all his money was used up, and he was miserable and miserable. Return. When he got home, his wife didn't sew for him, his sister-in-law didn't cook for him, and his parents didn't recognize him as their son. Su Qin sighed and said: "It's all King Qin. [No need to copy this. The explanation says it's Su Qin's own fault, but our teacher thinks it's King Qin's fault. If you want to use Su Qin, just change "King Qin" to "I" It's my fault!" He vowed to study hard and said, "What can't be done?" When he was about to fall asleep while studying, he stabbed his thigh with an awl, and blood flowed to his foot. Later, he united Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei and South Korea to resist Qin, and then became the prime minister of the six kingdoms.