2. Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun.

San huang yuanyin

Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor says that the Emperor, Dihuang and Tai Huang are san huang, and Tai Huang is considered the most expensive. So, who is Tai Huang? Volume 78 of Taiping YuLan quoted Chunqiu Wei as another view that the Emperor, Dihuang and Ren Huang are san huang, and it seems that Tai Huang is Ren Huang. The Great Biography of Shangshu and Bai Hu Tong Yi, etc., hold that san huang should be a Suiren, Fuxi and Shennong, while the Uighur books such as Yun Dou Shu and Yuan Ming Bao not only agree with Fuxi and Shennong, but also supplement the Nu Wa who created human beings. In addition, Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi are regarded as san huang in The Century of the Emperors, and Fuxi, Shennong and * * * are regarded as san huang in Tongjian Waiji. From this point of view, Fuxi and Shennong occupy two seats in san huang. Who are the Three Emperors and Five Emperors? There are many statements about san huang, and it is impossible to be sure.

Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "Emperor, Dihuang, Tai Huang" Historical Records Supplementing san huang's Biography quoted River Map and Calendar of May 3rd: "Emperor, Dihuang, Ren Huang." Taiping Yu Lan quoted Chunqiu Wei: "Emperor, Dihuang, Ren Huang." Biography of Shangshu: "Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong." "White Tiger TongyiNo.": "Fuxi, Shennong, Zhu Rong." "Customs Tong Yi Huang Ba" is the first, citing "Chunqiu Wei Yun Dou Shu": "Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong." Emperor Century: "Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi." Three-character Classic: From Xinong to Huangdi. No. san huang, ranking first in the world. (Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi)

Because of the influence of The Emperor's Century, Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi became the three oldest emperors in China, which were closest to the Huangdi Dynasty in the legendary era. In addition, san huang was called the Emperor, Dihuang and Ren Huang in the Wei Book of Han Dynasty, and he was the three gods. Later, in Taoism, san huang was divided into three groups: the third grade emperor was humanoid; In san huang, people face snakes or dragons; In post-san huang, the head of the post-Emperor was Fuxi, the head of the post-Dihuang was Nu Wa, and the head of the post-Emperor was Shennong.

Five emperors' source quotation

As for the five ancient emperors, there are different opinions. Shiben, Daili Ji and Historical Records of Five Emperors list Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun as the five emperors. The Book of Rites Moon Order takes Taiti (Fuxi), Yandi (Shennong), Huangdi, Shaoti and Zhuan Xu as five emperors; Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Gao Xin (Di Ku), Tang Yao and Yu Shun are regarded as the five emperors in The Preface to the History and The Century of the Emperors. In addition, there is a myth that the five gods are collectively called the five emperors. The "Five Emperors" in Wang Yi's Annotation of Songs of the South in the Eastern Han Dynasty are five gods, namely, the Eastern Taiti, the Southern Yandi, the Western Shao Hao, the Northern Zhuan Xu and the Central Yellow Emperor. In Tang Dynasty, Jia Gongyan's "Sacrifice to Five Emperors" in Zhou Li Tian Guan was the forerunner of Qing Di in the East, Chi Di in the South, the hub of the Yellow Emperor in the Central, the White Emperor in the West, and Hei Di in the North.

The original four emperors of Qin (Bai Di, Qing Di, Huang Di and Yan Di) worshipped, plus Hei Di. According to Lv Buwei's Twelve Dynasties, the Five Emperors are the gods in charge of the four directions, the four seasons and the five elements. The yellow emperor is in the middle, with earth virtue; Taiti lives in the east, has a virtue, and is the main spring, also known as the Spring Emperor; Emperor Yan lives in the south, has fire virtue, and is in charge of summer, also known as Emperor Yan; Living in the west, with Jinde, the main autumn, also known as Bai Di; Zhuan Xu, also known as Hei Di, lives in the north, with water virtue. ("Lu Chunqiu Zhao Lei") Who exactly are the Three Emperors and Five Emperors? For the Five Emperors, the statement of Historical Records of the Five Emperors is generally adopted.

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun ("Da Dai Li Ji");

Dongxi (Fuxi), Shennong, Huangdi, Yao and Shun (Warring States Policy);

Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huang Di, Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu (Lv Chunqiu);

Huangdi, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku and Yao (Zi Zhi Tong Jian Wai Ji);

Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao, Shun (pseudo "Preface to Shangshu"); With its respect for the status of Confucian classics, this theory will be adopted by historical books in the future. So this theory of Three Emperors and Five Emperors is regarded as an ancient history of faith;

Huangdi (Xuanyuan), Qing Di (Fuxi) and Chi Di are also called Yandi (Shennong), Baidi (Shao Hao) and Hei Di (Zhuan Xu) (Five Gods).

Knowledge expansion:

Suirenshi (Suihuang)

Suiren, whose birth and death year is unknown, is the head of san huang, whose surname is Feng, referred to as Suiren for short, and you are called Suihuang. Xiang Mingguo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) was born in Shangqiu. He is the husband of Hua Xushi, the father of Fuxi and Nuwa.

Hundreds of thousands of years ago, in the Paleolithic Age, Sui Renshi drilled wood to make fire in Shangqiu, Henan Province, and became the inventor of artificial fire-making in China, teaching people to cook food, ending the history of ancient human beings eating and drinking blood, creating Chinese civilization and being regarded as the "ancestor of fire".

Fu Xishi (Xihuang)

Fuxi (birth and death unknown), Feng surname, son of Suiren, also known as Qing Di, was one of the Five Emperors and was born in Chengji. Fuxi has a sacred virtue, which unites and unifies all tribes in China, making its capital in Chendi and worshipping Mount Tai.

Fuxi took the body of a python, the head of a crocodile, the horn of a stag, the eyes of a tiger, the scales of a red carp, the legs of a monitor lizard, the claws of an eagle, the tail of a white shark and the whiskers of a fin whale, and founded the totem dragon of the Chinese nation, from which descendants of dragons came.

Fuxi looked up at the clouds, the rain, the snow, the thunder and the lightning in the sky, the strong wind and the fog on the ground, and observed the birds and animals. According to the theory of the change of Yin and Yang between heaven and earth, he created the Eight Diagrams, which summarized everything between heaven and earth with eight simple but profound symbols.

He imitated spiders in nature and made webs for fishing and hunting. He also created a method of writing instead of tying a knot on a rope.

Shennong (agricultural emperor)

Yandi, the leader of Jiang tribe in ancient China, was honored as Shennong, Kuikui, Lianshan, Lieshan and Zhu Xiang.

According to legend, Emperor Yan was the head of a cow. He personally tasted a hundred herbs and developed herbal medicine to treat diseases. He invented slash-and-burn and created two kinds of farm tools to teach people to reclaim land and grow food crops; He also led the tribal people to make pottery and cookers for eating.

Huangdi (the first of the five emperors)

Huangdi (27 BC17 BC-2599 BC): the leader of the ancient Chinese tribal alliance and the * * * Lord of the ancient Chinese nation in China. The first of the five emperors? . Be honored as the "ancestor of humanity" in China. It is said that he is the son of Shao Dian and Fu Bao, whose real name is Gongsun, and later changed to Ji, so he is called Ji Xuanyuan. Living in the hill of Xuanyuan,No. Xuanyuan's, is there a bear in its capital? , also known as Xiong. Others call it "Di Hong's".

History shows that the Yellow Emperor was named the Yellow Emperor because of his virtue. Huangdi's great achievement of unifying Chinese tribes and conquering Dongyi and Jiuli nationalities has gone down in history. During the reign of the Yellow Emperor, he planted hundreds of crops and plants, vigorously developed production, and began to make clothes, build boats and cars, make music, and create medicine.

Zhuan Xu (one of the five emperors)

Zhuan Xu (zhuān xū) (date of birth and death unknown), leader of ancient tribal alliance in China, one of the "Five Emperors",no. Levin, grandson of the Yellow Emperor and son of Changyi. Xuandi, in the myths and legends handed down, Zhuan Xu was the God in charge of the North.

Zhuan Xu made a clear plan for the regional construction of China, and determined the names of Yanzhou, Hebei, Qinghai, Xu, Yu, Jing, Yang, Yong and Liang Jiuzhou and their jurisdiction areas.

Di Ku (one of the five emperors)

Di Ku, Ji surname, Ming Jun (A Zuo Duan), Gao Xin, one of the five emperors. Born in Gaoxin, he is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, the father of Yao and Zhi, the ancestor of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and a famous tribal alliance leader in ancient China.

Di Ku loved music very much. He asked the musician Xian Hei to compose songs such as Jiu Zhao, Liu Lie and Liu Ying, and ordered Yue Chui to be a musical instrument such as a drum, a bell and a rock, so that 64 dancers dressed in colorful clothes could dance with the songs. After the music started, precious fairy birds such as Phoenix and Dazhai also gathered in the hall and danced. In ancient times, it was thought that only people with noble virtues could attract the phoenix.

Emperor Yao (one of the five emperors)

Yao (about 2447-2307 BC), Yi Qi, Fang Xun, an ancient Chinese? . Leader of tribal alliance in ancient China, one of the "Five Emperors". Yao is the son of Di Ku and his mother is Chen Fengshi.

He ordered xi he to determine and deduce the calendar, set the age at four o'clock, and award farming seasons to the people. The vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice were determined. Yao set up a drum of advice to let the people of the world do their best; Set up a tree of slander and let the people all over the world attack his mistakes.

Emperor Shun (one of the Five Emperors)

Shun (shùn): an official of the tribes in ancient China. He was honored as emperor by later generations and included in the "Five Emperors". Yao, Gui, Zhong Hua, both of which are called Jun .. Emperor Shun, Da Shun, Yu Di Shun and Shun Di are all emperors of Yu Shun, so they are called Shun for short in later generations.

Shun plowed in Lishan, and the local people no longer fought for the field boundary, and they were very humble to each other. People are willing to live near him, and in two or three years they will gather into a village. At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance, Emperor Yao, was old and wanted to choose an heir. The four Yue unanimously elected Shun, so Yao married his two daughters, E Huang and Nv Ying, respectively, and asked nine men to serve Shun's left and right to see his virtue. Let Shun take charge of the five codes, manage hundreds of officials and be responsible for welcoming etiquette to see what he can do. All governance, is the life shun take government affairs.