Mushrooms and mushrooms are large and advanced fungi, and the fruiting bodies are usually visible to the naked eye. The hypha has a transverse partition wall, which divides the hypha into multiple cells.

Mushrooms usually reproduce by spores; After spores germinate, the hyphae produced by them are mononuclear hyphae with transverse partitions. Mononuclear hyphae of positive mating type and negative mating type meet and join to form binuclear hyphae, and then develop into fruiting bodies of mushrooms.

The fruiting body consists of an umbrella and a stalk. There are folds on the ventral surface of the mushroom umbrella, which can produce spores through meiosis when mature.

Many mushrooms have medical value, such as Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolor, Phellinus igniarius, Poria cocos and Cordyceps sinensis. Medicinal fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum and Antrodia camphorata are rich in polysaccharides and triterpenoids. In traditional medicine, it is believed that it has the functions of detoxification, promoting blood circulation, enhancing immunity, diminishing inflammation, resisting cancer and prolonging life. As for the actual functions, further research is needed.

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Nutritional value of mushrooms

Mushrooms are rich in nutrients and are excellent food sources of selenium, copper, potassium, phosphorus, tryptophan and vitamins B2, B3 and B5. Mushrooms are also rich in zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron, calcium, protein, vitamins B 1 and B6, folic acid and dietary fiber.

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Selection of mushrooms

It is of high quality that it is stout, thick, tender, mildew-free, moth-eaten and free from impurities. Poisonous mushrooms are rich in color, with red, purple, yellow or other mottled spots, red base, abnormal shape, pungent, foul-smelling and bitter.

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How to avoid poisonous mushrooms?

There are many kinds of poisonous mushrooms in China, which are widely distributed and rich in resources. In mountainous rural areas and towns, cases of poisoning by eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake are common, and there are reports of serious poisoning deaths almost every year, which was once regarded as one of the causes of multiple food poisoning. How to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible mushrooms?

1. From the color point of view, poisonous mushrooms are bright in color, often red, green and yellow, and the center of the mushrooms is suddenly undulating. The mushroom umbrella often has mottled spots, and the surface has silky or small pieces of residue or scales. Non-toxic mushrooms are generally not bright in color, with a flat lid and a smooth umbrella surface.

2. From the secretion point of view, the lid or injured part of the mushroom with poisonous mushrooms often secretes viscous and thick liquid, which is reddish brown and spicy, and the lid is easy to change color after being torn. Non-toxic mushrooms are generally dry, and the liquid secreted after being broken is white and has a special fragrance, and the mushroom lid generally does not change color after being torn. The umbrella handle with poisonous mushrooms is attached to the mushroom wheel, which is easy to break. The lower part of the umbrella handle is provided with a mushroom base with cysts, which is difficult to tear by hand. However, there is no mushroom wheel on the umbrella handle of non-toxic mushrooms, and there is no mushroom holder on the lower part, so the umbrella handle is easy to tear by hand.

3. In addition, mushrooms are grotesque, such as slender or thick stems, thick and hard surfaces, like horns, heads and umbrellas. Even if the color is normal, most of them are poisonous mushrooms.