1, knowledge objective: to understand relevant biological knowledge and grasp the author's point of view.
2. Ability goal: adjourn the humorous language style of this article and taste the charm of excellent popular science writers.
3. Emotional goal: to stimulate students' love for nature and biology.
Second, the teaching focus: understand the relevant biological knowledge and grasp the author's point of view.
Teaching difficulties: the humorous language style of this article and the charm of excellent popular science writers.
Iv. Schedule: 1 class hour
Teaching steps of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
(A) scenario import
Students, we are in a hurry every day. Have you ever looked down at the ant nest under your feet? Maybe there are many near your home. Do you find that ants are often busy in groups? If you throw a grain of rice into their hole, as long as an ant finds it, a large group will gather in a short time, and the grain of rice can be moved home immediately. Even a big piece of bread, they can solve it quickly. They are like a big family, United and working hard. Students, do you think it's amazing? They are very much like us, but can they be like us? The article we studied today is about this problem.
(2) Brief introduction of the writer's works
Lewis? Thomas, 1943 was born in new york, USA, and studied at Princeton University and Harvard Medical School. He has been a professor at the Institute of Pediatrics of the University of Minnesota, director of the Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine of Bellevue Medical Center of new york University, director of the Department of Pathology of Yale University Medical College, director of the Si Long-Kettering Cancer Institute of new york Cancer Memorial Center, and a member of the American Academy of Sciences.
(C) overall perception, clear thinking, write this article.
Clear:
The first part (1 to paragraph 3): Starting from an example, that is, doctors hold an annual meeting to connect it with the biological world, so as to draw their own argument that human society and biological society have something in common.
The second part (paragraphs 4 to 10) points out that animals live two kinds of lives, namely individual existence and collective existence, that is, animals live both individual life and social life.
The third part (paragraphs 1 1 to 13) points out the similarities between human beings and the biological world, and human beings should also have social life.
Cooperation and exploration
1. In the first paragraph, how does the author describe the annual meeting of doctors? Why do you describe it like this?
Clear: They? Running back and forth? ,? Touch the tentacles and exchange some information? ,? Like a trout line, throw a long single column at the childe hotel without any mistakes? .
This is an ironic and humorous narrative, seemingly idle, but it sets the tone for the whole article.
In the second paragraph, the author says that the biosphere is right? Are people similar to animals? What's your opinion?
Clear:? It would be a very bad attitude in biology to imply that the activities of social insects are always related to human affairs. In the preface, the authors of books about insect behavior usually earnestly remind people that insects seem to be creatures from other planets, and their behavior is completely different from that of people, completely inhuman, secular and almost abiotic. ? In other words, traditional biologists believe that human society and biology are irrelevant or even incompatible.
3. However, what facts and opinions did the author put forward?
The author puts forward an indisputable fact: saying that humans are like ants, and conversely saying that ants are like humans, will also be criticized, because this is a challenge to the supremacy of mankind. So people who describe insect behavior are afraid of being accused? Against science? , spare no effort from? Is there anything different from human beings? To understand the social behavior of living things, say them? Completely inhuman, secular, and almost lifeless. ? On the other hand, the author does not follow the crowd and dares to attack traditional ideas, he points out? Ants are really too human. Is it really embarrassing? . Then it lists a series of social behaviors of ants in humorous language, from? Cultivate fungi and feed them to aphids? , to? Confuse the enemy and capture slaves? , to? Exchange information with child labor? Almost like humans. ? They do everything except watch TV. ? Here, the author intends to use the language describing human social behavior to describe ants, which is just the opposite of the language describing insects at the beginning of the article, expressing a distinct view that human social behavior and biological social behavior have great * * *, which is not incompatible, but can be compared with each other.
Please scan the second part quickly and find out which animals the author quoted to prove his point.
Clear: bees, termites, social wasps, herring and flocks of birds.
The author discusses the social behavior of insects, fish, birds and other creatures, indicating that they also have the spirit of collective cooperation, and with the increase of the number of groups, their wisdom is also increasing, which comes from his careful observation and thinking of social creatures in nature. It is the author's original opinion to regard all these creatures as a huge organism.
Next, let's take a closer look at the second part. Why did the author come to these two sentences at the beginning of the fourth paragraph? What worries us most is that even if there is such a thing, it will never be related to us.
Clarity: The author imitates the tone of traditional biologists and modifies their logic. Traditional biologists don't want to admit that human social behavior and biological social behavior are very big, and the author's narrative is full of ridicule and satire.
6. When talking about the behavior of animals and human beings, why should the author make a comparative analysis from two aspects: individuals and groups? Try to explain it with the author's argument.
Clarity: When talking about the behavior of animals and human beings, the author makes a comparative analysis from two aspects: individuals and groups. This is because society and individuals complement each other, and society cannot do without individuals. For social creatures, individuals cannot live without society. Therefore, whether we talk about the sociality of people or animals, we can't do without the analysis of individuals and groups. Without ants forming groups, there is not much sociality, so the wisdom shown is limited; For human beings, scientific research achievements that have not been integrated into society cannot be used by the public, and thus lose the meaning of existence. Comparatively speaking, social creatures with certain organizations, such as ants and bees, are more dependent on social organizations; Human individuals are relatively independent and can be closed and connected to tissues in a short time? Circuit? But it can't exist fundamentally out of society.
7. What do you think are the similarities between some biological social organizations described in this paper and human beings?
Clarity: Compared with human beings, some biological social organizations described in this paper have many similarities, such as concerted action, collective cooperative labor, purposeful behavior and mutual exchange of information.
8. In the third part, paragraph 1 1, the author points out that human beings are actually more social than animals, but what is our situation?
Clear:? In any case, we are the most social of all social animals, and we are more interdependent, closer and inseparable in behavior than bees, but we don't often feel our common wisdom. The circuit seems to be still there, even though it is not always energized. ? That is to say, although we humans are more social than animals, we have not really joined forces to give full play to our wisdom and talents.
9. Finally, what hope does the author have for scientific research?
Clear:? Scientific exploration is a lonely and quiet thing. Yes, in the first few stages. But later, sooner or later, in the morning when the work is about to be completed, we always call each other, exchange information, publish articles, write letters to editors, submit papers, and shout if we find anything. ? The author hopes that scientific research can communicate more and show profound humanistic care spirit.
(5) Ability improvement
The author discusses the sociality of biology, but what is the author's real purpose?
Clear: When talking about the sociality of biology, the author still focuses on the reflection of human behavior, aiming at criticizing the concept of anthropocentrism and even human chauvinism in traditional biology, and emphasizing that human beings should have the consciousness of self-reflection, otherwise they will fall into various difficulties caused by blind self-worship. Undeniably, the author's argument has its humorous elements, and his point of view is far-fetched and extreme, but it has a unique perspective, unique insights and profound arguments, which gives people rational enlightenment and aesthetic enjoyment.
(vi) Summary of laws
What argumentation methods are used in this paper?
Clear: this popular science article has a tendency of prose culture and can be considered as a scientific essay. Although this paper is not a paper in a strict sense, nor does it list strict arguments, it still has a unique argument method. First of all, the author always compares the social behavior of creatures with human behavior, and always thinks that human behavior and biological social behavior are of the same sex; Secondly, in the discussion, the author compares and analyzes individuals and groups, affirms the wisdom of groups and emphasizes the importance of socialization. Thirdly, the description of biological social behavior, from fine to coarse, from fine to coarse, and then fine and coarse (fine insects, fungi, fish and birds), not only captures the detailed analysis of typical cases, but also enriches examples, and also reflects the gradual deepening process from the phenomenon level to theoretical discussion.
(7) Learning and practice: According to the specific context, talk about the humorous effect of the following sentences.
1, they are more like some beautifully made but magical little machines.
Clarity: satirize the authors' extreme conservative mentality of being afraid of criticism. They can't wait to think of insects as whispering, which is completely different from humans, even? Abiotic? Like what? Magic way's little machine? Same.
2. Ants are really too human, which is really embarrassing.
Clarity: Ironically, human arrogance and many behaviors of small ants are similar to ours, but we are unwilling or afraid to admit this fact, which is really embarrassing.
They do everything except watching TV.
Clear: Using exaggerated language to explain the social behavior of ants is too close to human beings, and I'm afraid it's not far from watching TV!
It is just a ganglion with feet.
With what? Contempt? Comment on a tone? A lonely ant? Emphasize the insignificance of their personal wisdom.
When exploring, we always call each other, exchange information, publish articles, write letters to editors, submit papers, and shout when we find anything.
Clear: exaggerated brushwork, will people's behavior? Primitive , secretly confused with animal behavior, intended to illustrate some similarities between the two.
(VIII) Class summary
Students, it turns out that there are so many connotations in biology that we don't understand. Human beings must not be blindly arrogant, but should fully understand their own survival crisis. We should not only emphasize the wisdom of individuals, but also attach importance to the wisdom of groups, because inventions and creations must be integrated into the wisdom of groups to play a role and be meaningful. Therefore, students can't study behind closed doors, but must communicate more to make greater progress.
(9) Blackboard design
Ants can think about scientific development.
Bees have wisdom, human society.
Myxomycetes in the biological society rely on collective exploration to find new solutions.
clupeoid
The social organization of living things is very similar to human beings.
The teaching goal of the second teaching plan of "society as a creature" in senior three Chinese.
Knowledge and ability
1. Guide students to understand the main points of the author;
2. Understand the biological knowledge involved in this article.
Process and method
3. Guide students to improve their inquiry ability by discussing some key issues in the article;
4. By watching bio-information films, we can observe the social behaviors of some insects and enhance students' perceptual knowledge.
Emotional attitudes and values
5. Stimulate students' love for nature and biology through the study of this article.
6. Guide students to appreciate the humorous language style of this article and taste the charm of excellent popular science writers.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
Key points:
1. Guide students to understand the main points of the author;
2. Understand the biological knowledge involved in this article.
Difficulties:
1. Guide students to improve their inquiry ability by discussing some key issues in this paper;
2. By watching bio-information films, we can observe the social behaviors of some insects and enhance students' perceptual knowledge.
Class schedule: 1 class hour
Teaching step
First, the scene import:
Students, we are in a hurry every day. Have you ever looked down at the ant nest under your feet? Maybe there are many near your home. Do you find that ants are often busy in groups? If you throw a grain of rice into their hole, as long as an ant finds it, a large group will gather in a short time, and the grain of rice can be moved home immediately.
Even a big piece of bread, they can solve it quickly. They are like a big family, United and working hard. Students, do you think it's amazing? They are very much like us, but can they be like us? An article we are studying today is about this problem. (The blackboard is entitled Biological Society)
Second, the author:
Lewis? Thomas is an American doctor, a popular science writer and a member of the American Academy of Sciences. His masterpiece is a praise of cell life, and it is a reflection of life, life, society and even the universe by medical scientists and biologists. Broad and profound thoughts, complex and novel information, criticize civilization, ridicule ignorance, broaden horizons and stimulate thinking. However, his writing style is rare and beautiful, fresh, humorous and implicit, which is worth writing in today's scientific prose.
No wonder the publication of 1974 immediately aroused great response and enthusiastic cheers from American readers and critics, and won the National Book Award that year. Since then 18, several publishing houses have printed more than 20 editions, and they have been thriving ever since! It is said that Lewis in his 60 s? Thomas's name is a household name because of this little book, so that when he throws out the last two books in succession, booksellers don't have to advertise any more, just shout? Lewis, author of Ode to Cell Life? Thomas' new book? That's enough. The article "Society as Biology" is a wonderful chapter in this book.
Third, the overall perception, clear writing ideas:
Now, the students read this article carefully, summarize the main idea of the article in different levels, and grasp the author's writing theme as a whole. Of course, when reading, we must first dredge the new words:
1, word phonetic notation:
Trout (zūn), fish ant mound (zhǒng) and alfalfa (m? Xu) Kun (fēi) fish (b? I) feet
2. On the basis of students' reading, teachers guide them to master the writing ideas of this article:
Teacher: As we all know, this is a popular science paper. Generally, the lecturer should first make the object clear, then prove his point of view with various methods and examples, and finally sublimate the theme. What does the author want to explain? Please follow the teacher's questions, think positively and answer the questions:
Let's look at the first part together. Let's have a look. What does the first paragraph say?
Student: (at the annual meeting of medical scientists)
Teacher: How did he describe it? What did he compare them to?
Student: (Social Insect Party. It's also ion vibration. When you meet some people running back and forth, you just have to stop, touch your tentacles and exchange a little information. Every once in a while, the organization throws a long single document at the child hotel, as accurate as a trout line.
Teacher: From the beginning, the author compared human beings to ants, linked the activity scenes of human society with the activities of biological society, and led to the topic to be discussed.
Look at the second paragraph. What does it say?
Student: (traditional biologist's point of view:? It would be a very bad attitude in biology to think that the activities of social insects are always related to human affairs. In the preface, the authors of books about insect behavior usually earnestly remind people that insects seem to be creatures from other planets, but their behavior is absolutely different from that of people, completely inhuman, secular and almost abiotic? . Traditional biologists believe that human society and biology are irrelevant, even incompatible)
Teacher: Then why do they have such a bad attitude?
Student: (It's ok to say that humans are like ants. Conversely, ants are like humans and will be criticized because it is a challenge to the supremacy of human beings. )
Teacher: What is the author's attitude? From which sentence can you see?
Student: (? Ants are really too human. Is it really embarrassing? . Described a series of social behaviors of ants in humorous language. Cultivate fungi and feed them to aphids? , to? Confuse the enemy and capture slaves? , to? Exchange information with child labor? It is almost the same as human behavior. ? They do everything except watch TV. Here, the author intends to use the language describing human behavior to describe ants, which is in sharp contrast with the description of human beings in the language describing insects at the beginning of the article, and expresses a distinct view that human social behavior and biological social behavior have great characteristics, and they are not incompatible, but can be compared with each other. )
Now, please grasp the structural level of the article as a whole: (After the students finish, the teacher will make it clear)
The first part (1 to paragraph 3): Starting from an example, that is, doctors hold an annual meeting to connect it with the biological world, so as to draw their own argument that human society and biological society have something in common.
The second part (paragraphs 4 to 10) points out that animals live two kinds of lives, namely individual existence and collective existence, that is, animals live both individual life and social life.
The third part (paragraphs 1 1 to 13) points out the similarities between human beings and the biological world, and human beings should also have social life.
Four, the main part of the full text:
1. Next, read the second part of the article quickly to see which creatures the author mentioned. What is the biological society like in the author's eyes?
(There are mainly ants, bees, herring and slime molds. In the author's eyes, they are like a small human social organization, organized and disciplined, which can get twice the result with half the effort. )
2. Arrange interesting discussions: discuss in groups according to the text. Suppose you are a group of ants, bees, herring or slime mold cells. What do you need to do to make a living in a big family? Students can use their imagination as much as possible.
Set the schedule as follows:
(1) Ant tribe: Our ant tribe is prosperous and a big family. We cultivate fungi, feed livestock, throw troops into war, use chemical sprays to disturb and confuse enemies, and capture slaves. Our similar weaver ants also use child labor, carry larvae back and forth like shuttles, and sew leaves together with thread for their fungal gardens. We use wisdom to find food and combine collective strength to carry food. When building an ant nest, we will collectively collect branches, make overall plans, and work together with Qi Xin to build a wall first and then build a roof. When encountering obstacles, we will improvise and solve problems with wisdom. Our life is busy and full.
② Bee colony: worker bees are the main labor force in our family, and they will go out to look for nectar and send messages to their companions through beautiful dances of different shapes. When building a nest, worker bees will work methodically. When our family members grow up to a certain extent, we will move and be divided into two equal teams, one following the old queen bee and the other following the new bee, forming two harmonious and happy families.
③ Cell group: Although we are microbes, we are powerful! In our childhood, we were independent amoeba cells. We swallow bacteria and stay away from each other. But when our boss-some special cells release lectin, we will be ordered to come and gather into a stellate cell, which will fuse with each other to form a slow and powerful bug, giving birth to a magnificent stalk, and there is an entity at the top of the stalk, which is responsible for reproduction. From then on, our children and grandchildren will continue to repeat our way of life.
(4) Herds: Like other schools of fish, we act collectively to resist the enemy's invasion. When we get together, we are more functional than a giant creature composed of many heads. )
Fifth, expand the inquiry:
1. Through learning, we have made clear the author's point of view: both human social behavior and biological social behavior have great * * * characteristics, and they are not mutually incompatible, but can be compared with each other. A few examples are also given, such as ants, bees, herring and slime molds. Combining these examples and connecting us with human beings, what enlightenment can you get from them?
These examples show that many animals, like humans, have hierarchy and order and have many social behaviors. They live in groups, are smart and run a big family. Like human beings, they are often interdependent and synchronous. Their inspiration is that unity is strength, and we humans should learn from their team spirit. )
2. Where can you see these characteristics?
(? When you see thousands of ants gathering on the edge of the anthill and darkness covering the earth, you can only see the whole creature. At this time, you see it thinking, planning and calculating. This is wisdom, a living computer, and those little things crawling around are its brains. ? According to this situation, when building an ant nest, they can build a wall first and then a roof. When encountering obstacles, they will use their wisdom to solve the problem. Termites are more exotic. When they build beautiful arches, they often use the power of groups to complete tasks like artists. Bees eat and dance. )
(? If you destroy a part of the anthill, hundreds of ants will come and shake that part and move it until it returns to its original appearance. If there are two or three termites in the small room, they will pick up pieces of wood chips and move them around, but there is no result and nothing is built. With the addition of more and more termites, it seems to have reached a certain critical quantity or quorum, so I began to think. ? )
Looking at the third part, the author points out that human beings are actually more social than animals, but what's wrong with us? (? In any case, we are the most social of all social animals, and we are more interdependent, closer and inseparable in behavior than bees, but we don't often feel our common wisdom. The circuit seems to be still there, even though it is not always energized. ? That is to say, although our species is more social than animals, we haven't really joined forces to exert our wisdom and talents.
5. Finally, the author takes scientific research as an example, quotes the views of authoritative people, and emphasizes the wisdom of individuals and groups again. Invention and creation must be integrated into the wisdom of the group to play a role and be meaningful. I hope to have more exchanges in scientific research.
Sixth, the class summary
Students, it turns out that there are so many connotations in biology that we don't understand. Human beings must not be blindly arrogant, but should fully understand their own survival crisis. We should not only emphasize the wisdom of individuals, but also attach importance to the wisdom of groups, because inventions and creations must be integrated into the wisdom of groups to play a role and be meaningful. Therefore, students can't study behind closed doors, but must communicate more to make greater progress.