The etiology of essential hypertension is not clear, and some risk factors such as reduced exercise, unreasonable diet, obesity, old age, heredity and excessive mental stress may cause hypertension.
The cause of secondary hypertension can be clear, and it is mostly caused by some primary diseases.
Such as kidney diseases and endocrine diseases.
prevent and cure
Pay attention to the combination of work and rest
Paying attention to reasonable diet of Lentinus edodes can reduce blood cholesterol, prevent arteriosclerosis and vascular degeneration, and is an ideal food to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Milk contains hydroxyl and methylglutaric acid, which can inhibit the activity of cholesterol synthase in human body, thus inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol. In addition, milk contains more calcium, which can also reduce the body's absorption of cholesterol.
Ginger Ginger contains an organic compound similar to salicylic acid. The diluent of this substance is a blood diluent and anticoagulant, which has a good effect on lowering blood fat, lowering blood pressure and preventing thrombosis.
Turtle has the effect of nourishing yin and tonifying deficiency. Experiments show that soft-shelled turtle can effectively reduce the cholesterol content after high-fat diet. Kelp contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, which can remove cholesterol attached to blood vessel wall and dietary fiber in kelp, regulate stomach, promote cholesterol excretion and control cholesterol absorption; Kelp is rich in calcium, which can reduce the absorption of cholesterol and lower blood pressure.
The synergistic effect of unsaturated fatty acids, cellulose and calcium in kelp has excellent blood lipid lowering effect and high dietotherapy value. Apples are rich in pectin, which can reduce the concentration of cholesterol in blood and prevent fat accumulation. It is reported that people who eat one or two apples a day can reduce their blood cholesterol by more than 10%.
Oats are rich in linoleic acid, accounting for 35%-52% of all unsaturated fatty acids. The content of vitamin E is also very rich, and it also contains saponins, which can reduce the concentration of plasma cholesterol.
After years of clinical research in more than 20 tertiary hospitals in Beijing, it is confirmed that oat can obviously reduce serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein, and increase serum high density lipoprotein.
Precautions for hypertension diet: ① Carbohydrate food: Lick appropriate food-rice, porridge, noodles, noodles, Ge Fen, soup, taro and soft beans. Foods that should be avoided-sweet potatoes (food that produces abdominal qi), dried beans, and biscuits with strong flavor. sour
② protein foods are suitable-beef, lean meat, white meat fish, eggs, milk, dairy products (fresh cream, yeast milk, ice cream, cheese), bean products (tofu, natto, bean powder, oily tofu)-fatty foods (pork belly of cattle and pigs).
(3) Fatty foods are suitable foods-vegetable oil, a small amount of cream, and foods that should be avoided in salad dressing coats-animal oil, lard, bacon and sardines soaked in oil.
(4) Vitamins and mineral foods Suitable foods-vegetables (spinach, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, lily roots, pumpkins, eggplant and cucumbers) and fruits (apples, oranges, pears, grapes and watermelons) should be cooked before eating. Foods to be avoided-vegetables containing hard fiber (burdock, bamboo shoots and beans) and vegetables with strong irritation (spicy vegetables, mangosteen, mustard, onion and mustard).
⑤ Other foods-suitable foods-light fragrant tea, yeast milk drinks, foods that should be avoided-spices (peppers, curry powder), alcoholic drinks, salted foods (cooked vegetables, roe), pickles and coffee.
Dietary habits that patients with hypertension should pay attention to
First of all, we should control energy intake, advocate eating complex sugars, such as starch and corn, and eat less glucose, fructose and sucrose. These sugars are monosaccharides, which are easy to cause hyperlipidemia.
② Limit the intake of fat. Choose vegetable oil when cooking, and you can eat more marine fish. Marine fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can oxidize cholesterol, thus reducing plasma cholesterol, prolonging platelet aggregation, inhibiting thrombosis and preventing stroke, and contains more linoleic acid, which has a certain effect on increasing microvascular elasticity, preventing vascular rupture and preventing hypertension complications.
③ Appropriate intake of protein. The daily protein of patients with hypertension is per kilogram of body weight1g. Eating fish protein 2-3 times a week can improve blood vessel elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium excretion, and thus lower blood pressure. If hypertension is complicated with renal insufficiency, the intake of protein should be limited.
④ Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium but low in sodium, such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp and lettuce. Foods with high calcium content: milk, yogurt and shrimp skin. Eat less broth, because the increase of nitrogen-containing extract in broth can promote the increase of uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver and kidney.
⑤ Limit the salt intake: it should be gradually reduced to less than 6g every day, that is, after the rubber pad is removed from the ordinary beer lid, the salt in a flat lid is about 6g. This amount refers to the amount of salt, including the total amount of sodium converted into salt in edible salt and other foods. Proper reduction of sodium intake is helpful to lower blood pressure and reduce the retention of sodium and water in the body.
6. Lots of fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat no less than 8 Liang of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 Liang of fruits every day.
⑦ Appropriately increase the intake of seafood: such as kelp, laver, seafood fish, etc. The importance of moderate exercise to hypertension: There is a saying: "You can exchange health for money when you are young, and you can exchange health with exercise when you are old." Exercise can not only promote blood circulation, reduce cholesterol production, but also enhance the stiffness of muscles, bones and joints. Exercise can increase appetite, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, prevent constipation and improve sleep.
Have the habit of continuous exercise: it is best to do aerobic exercise to assist. Aerobic exercise can lower blood pressure and lose weight, such as walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan, cycling and swimming.
Precautions for exercise:
(1) don't be too strong or too tired, take a step-by-step way to increase the amount of activity.
2 pay attention to the surrounding environment and climate: summer: avoid the time when the sun shines at noon; Winter: Keep warm to prevent stroke.
Wear comfortable and sweat-absorbent clothes: Choose cotton fabrics and sports shoes.
④ Choose safe places: such as parks and schools, not in the driveway or roadside.
⑤ When exercising, don't eat on an empty stomach to avoid hypoglycemia. It should be 2 hours after dinner.
Sports taboo
Stop exercising when you are sick or uncomfortable.
② It is not advisable to exercise when you are hungry or one hour after a meal.
(3) Don't stop immediately during the exercise, and follow the steps of the exercise plan.
(4) If you feel unwell during exercise, you should quit smoking immediately and limit drinking, which will lead to high blood pressure. Studies have shown that after smoking a cigarette, the heart rate increases by 5 -20 times per minute, and the systolic blood pressure increases by 10-25mmhg.
Why is this? Because nicotine contained in tobacco leaves will excite the central nervous system and sympathetic nerve, make the heart rate faster, and at the same time, it will also prompt the adrenal gland to release a large amount of catecholamine, which will make the arterioles contract and lead to an increase in blood pressure. Nicotine also stimulates chemoreceptors in blood vessels, which reflexively leads to an increase in blood pressure.
Long-term heavy smoking will also promote atherosclerosis of the aorta, and the intima of the arteriole will gradually thicken, which will gradually harden the whole blood vessel. At the same time, because the content of carbon monoxide hemoglobin in smokers' blood increases, the oxygen content in blood decreases, the intima of arteries is anoxic, and the oxygen content of arterial wall fat increases, which accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, quitting smoking for people without hypertension can prevent the occurrence of hypertension, and people with hypertension should quit smoking more.
Compared with smoking, the advantages and disadvantages of drinking alcohol are controversial. From time to time, there are various reports, some say that a small amount of drinking is beneficial and some say it is harmful, but one thing is certain, a large amount of drinking is definitely harmful, and high concentration of alcohol will lead to arteriosclerosis and aggravate high blood pressure. Psychological balance The psychological manifestations of hypertensive patients are nervousness, irritability and emotional instability, all of which are the causes of high blood pressure.
Patients can cultivate good adaptability to the natural environment and society by changing their own behavior, avoid emotional excitement and excessive tension and anxiety, and be calm when things go wrong; When you have a lot of mental stress, you should try to release it, talk to your relatives and friends or encourage you to take part in relaxed and happy extracurricular activities, put your mind into music or flowers, so that you can live in the best state and keep your blood pressure stable.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) manages itself.
1, measure blood pressure regularly, at least every 1-2 weeks.
2. The treatment of hypertension should adhere to the "three hearts", that is, confidence, determination and perseverance. Only in this way can we prevent or delay the damage to important organs of the body.
3. Take antihypertensive drugs regularly. If you don't reduce or stop taking medicine at will, you can adjust it under the guidance of a doctor and combine your current condition to prevent blood pressure from rebounding.
If possible, you can bring your own sphygmomanometer and learn to measure your blood pressure yourself. In addition to taking appropriate drugs, we should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, pay attention to diet, exercise properly, keep emotional stability and get enough sleep.