1 penicillin g sodium (potassium)

1. 1 preparation of skin test solution Take 1 serving of penicillin skin test solution (containing 2500 units of penicillin sodium), add 5ml of sodium chloride injection to dissolve and dilute it (containing 500 units of penicillin /ml). This product can be used for 24 hours after dilution.

1.2 skin test method and observation results: disinfect the skin 2 inches above the forearm flexion joint, extract about 0. 1ml skin test solution for intradermal injection (0.02~0.03ml for children), and after 20 minutes, if central halo and peripheral erythema appear locally, the diameter is larger than lcm, or local redness or blisters appear, it is positive; For those suspected of positive reaction, sodium chloride should be injected into the other forearm for control test.

1.3 Note: Very few patients may have anaphylactic shock during skin test, which usually starts within a few seconds to 5 minutes after injection. At first, the skin was itchy and the limbs were numb, followed by shortness of breath, chest tightness, cyanosis, rapid heartbeat, weak pulse, decreased blood pressure and profuse sweating. The patient may die if he is not rescued in time. Therefore, we should be prepared for rescue, such as standing adrenaline hydrochloride, hydrocortisone, central stimulants, anti-allergic drugs and so on.

2 Other penicillins (ampicillin, carbenicillin, oxacillin, piperacillin)

2. Preparation of1skin test solution:

0.5g/ bottle, sodium chloride injection to 1ml-→ 500mg/ml.

Take 0. 1 ml and add sodium chloride injection to 1 ml-→ 50mg/ml.

Take 0. 1 ml and add sodium chloride injection to 1 ml-→ 5mg/ml.

Take 0. 1 ml and add sodium chloride injection to 1 ml -→0.5 mg/ml.

2.2 Skin test method and observation results:

Take 0. 1ml(50 ug) for intradermal injection, and those who are positive are prohibited.

3 Bonda (piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium)

3. Preparation of1skin test solution:

Take Bangda (skin trial, each containing piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium 2.5mg) and inject 5ml of water for injection to make 500ug/ml skin test solution.

3.2 Skin test method and observation results:

Take 0. 1ml(50 ug) for intradermal injection, and those who are positive are prohibited.

Preparation method of skin test solution of cephalosporin antibiotics

China Pharmacopoeia does not explicitly require cephalosporins to undergo allergy test, but those with allergic history or constitution should undergo skin allergy test according to the situation. There is no uniform regulation on the concentration of skin test solution, and it is generally stipulated that the skin test solution is 0.5 mg/ml. The following is the preparation method of cephalosporin skin test solution for clinical reference.

4. Preparation of1skin test solution:

4. 1. 1. 1g cephalosporin +2ml sodium chloride injection to prepare 500mg/ml solution (solution a);

4. 1.2 Absorb 50 mg/ml solution A (solution B)0. 1ml+0.9ml sodium chloride injection with lml injection;

4. 1.3 Remove 0.9ml, and add 0. 1ml+ 0.9ml of sodium chloride injection to obtain 5 mg/ml solution (solution C);

4. 1.4 Push off 0.9ml, leaving 0. 1ml+ 0.9ml of sodium chloride injection to obtain 0.5 mg/ml of skin test solution (solution D).

If the cephalosporin is 0.5g/ bottle, after the first dilution, take 0.2ml+ solution A and 0.8ml sodium chloride injection of 50 mg/ml solution (solution B), and the rest are the same as those in Part 3 and 4.

4.2 Skin test method and observation results:

Inject 0. 1 ml of D solution into the endothelium of the lower metacarpal segment of forearm, and after 1.5-20 minutes, observe that the local skin is red and swollen, and the diameter is more than 1cm, which is positive (+).

Streptomycin 5

5. Preparation of1skin test solution:

5. 1. 1 Take streptomycin 1 g (1 10,000 units) and add 3.5ml of sodium chloride injection, then dissolve it into 4 ml (25 250,000 units/m1);

5. 1.2 Take 0. 1 ml supernatant and add 0.9 ml sodium chloride injection to make 25,000 units/ml;

5. 1.3 Take 0. 1 ml solution (2) and add 0.9 ml sodium chloride injection to make 2500 units/ml;

5. 1.4 Take 0.2 ml of solution (3) and add 0.8 ml of sodium chloride injection to make 500 units/ml.

5.2 Skin test method and observation results:

Take 0. 1 ml (50 units) skin test solution for intradermal test and observe for 20 minutes. Its judgment standard is the same as penicillin.

5.3 Precautions: Patients with negative skin test may also have allergic reactions during injection, so be prepared for rescue. At present, there is no unified skin test method in China, and it has been stipulated that the areas of skin test should adhere to it.

6 purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD)

6. Preparation of1skin test solution:

PPD stock solution (50u/ml).

6.2 Skin test method and observation results: Suck the above liquid 0. 1ml(5u), inject it intradermally into the palm of forearm with Mendel method, and check the reaction of injection site 48-72 hours after injection. Measurements should be recorded by the number of millimeters of lateral warping and the vertical diameter of induration. The average diameter of the reaction is ≥5mm, which is a positive reaction. Anyone with blisters, necrosis and lymphangitis is a strong positive reaction, which should be explained in detail.

Tetanus antitoxin serum

7. Preparation of1skin test solution:

Take 0. 1 ml serum and add 0.9 ml sodium chloride injection.

7.2 Skin test method and observation results:

Take 0. 1 ml skin test solution and do intradermal test in forearm. Observe 15 minutes, and the swelling above 1cm is positive. At the same time, sodium chloride should be injected into the other forearm for control test.

7.3 Preventive measures:

Desensitization injection method: inject 10 dilution, 0.2 ml, 0.4 ml and 0.8ml3 three times, with an interval of 30min each time. If there is no response, inject the rest.

8 cytochrome c

8. 1 Preparation of skin test solution: stock solution.

8.2 Skin test method and observation results:

8.2. 1 scratch method: scratch the skin inside the forearm with 1 drop, and observe for 20 minutes. If the redness exceeds 10mm or the swelling exceeds 7mm, it is positive.

8.2.2 intradermal method: Dilute this product to 0.03mg/ml and inject 0.03-0.05ml intradermally. After 20 minutes, the redness diameter is above 15mm or the swelling is above lOmm.

8.2.3 Eye drop method: Drop this product with a concentration of 1 drop of 5 mg/ml on the conjunctiva. After 20 minutes, conjunctival congestion and edema, itching is positive.

8.3 Preventive measures:

It is reported that foreign countries may occasionally cause allergic reactions. Although no allergic reaction has been found in domestic clinical application, we should be vigilant, especially when taking drugs again after stopping taking drugs.

9 organic iodine contrast agents (iodopyrazine, sodium acetate sulfonate, meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine diatrizoate, sodium cholate, iodized oil, etc.). )

9. Preparation of1skin test solution:

30% organic iodine solution.

9.2 Skin test method and observation results:

9.2. 1 intravenous injection method: intravenous injection of 30% organic iodine solution lml, and close observation 10 minute, whether there are any uncomfortable reactions such as palpitation, buccal edema, nausea, vomiting, urticaria and blood pressure drop. If there is the above phenomenon, injection is not allowed.

9.2.2 Oral examination method: put 1-5ml contrast agent into the oral cavity, and observe whether there is the above reaction after 5min.

9.2.3 intradermal injection method: inject 0.05-0. 1ml contrast agent into the skin, and after 10- 15 minutes, if there is a reaction erythema with the size of lcm, it will be a strong positive.

9.2.4 Conjunctiva test method: Drop 1-2 drops of contrast agent into one conjunctival sac, and after 1 min, observe the congestion of conjunctiva and sclera (compared with the opposite side). If there is obvious congestion, vasodilation and varicose veins are strongly positive.

9.3 Precautions: If the allergy test is negative, allergic reaction may still occur when iodine is compared, which should be paid attention to.

10 asparaginase

10. 1 preparation of skin test solution;

Add 0.9% sodium chloride injection lml to an ampoule with a unit of 1000, and then take 0. 1ml of this solution and add it to 0.9 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection to obtain 100 unit /ml.

10.2 skin test method and observation results:

Take 0. 1 ml (10 unit) of skin test solution for intradermal injection. The result is the same as that of penicillin skin test. This drug should not be used in patients with positive reaction.

10.3 Note:

1. Different pharmaceutical factories and batches have different product purity and allergic reaction.

2. People with allergic history should be very careful or not.

1 1 thymosin injection

The original drug was made into a solution of 25ug/ml and injected intradermally with 0. 1ml. Those who are positive are forbidden to enter.

12 fluorescein sodium injection

Before intravenous administration, inject 5ml of this product 1% solution intravenously, and conduct an allergy test10-15min. If there is no response, push it all out. After injecting and taking this product for several hours, the patient's reaction should be closely observed.