Jifeng Mountain is verdant
A "heavenly road" leads directly to Jifeng Mountain
Temple on the peak
Brick carving on the gatehouse
Cliff stone carving in the Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty
Rape flowers in full bloom under Jifeng Mountain
Looking at Jifeng Mountain from Luofeng Mountain
Jifeng Mountain belongs to the residual vein of the West Qinling Mountains, so as to It is located 15 kilometers southwest of Chengxian County, with steep mountains and lush pine forests. It is said that the Yellow Emperor, Qin Huang and Han Wu all climbed this mountain.
The mysterious Chicken Mountain stretches for dozens of miles, like a screen dyed by indigo naturalis on the Huicheng Basin where the county seat is located.
One day in April, we set out from Lanzhou to Chengxian County, and passed through Yuliu and Tianding Expressway to Tianshui. In Zaojiao Town of Maiji District, there are two routes to go forward, which can take National Highway 316 and take Niangniang. We chose to take the expressway. Lixian, Xihe and Xihe belonged to the west in ancient times. Isn't this the hometown of Qin Shihuang?
as early as last October, when the reporter was searching for the eternal mystery of Qin Shihuang's pilgrimage to the west to worship the heavens more than 2, years ago at the ancient upper and lower temples of the scenic Lotus Terrace, 4km west of Huating County, Pingliang City, the staff of Lotus Terrace joked that the first emperor did not return to Xianyang to worship the heavens at Lotus Terrace, but travelled around and climbed the Jifeng Mountain in Chengxian County! Looking at the topographic map of Gansu in our hands, we are estimating the straight-line distance from Huating County to Chengxian County in Longnan City. Why is it more than 3 kilometers? Where did Qin Shihuang go?
Speaking of Jifeng Mountain, I am familiar with it. From the county seat of Chengxian County, I can see the outline of it. It is located in the mountain range of Nanshan (that is, Jishan Mountain), which is 15 kilometers away from the county seat. I heard from Wenyou in Chengxian County that Jishan Mountain belongs to the southern edge of Qinling Mountain, and the mountain is seriously broken because of its folds and uplifts. The northern slope is a cliff with broken walls, while the southern slope is relatively flat with overlapping peaks and peaks. There is a fairy cliff in the east, and the cliff is cut; There are five fairy mountains in the west, and strange caves are woven. Jifeng Mountain is the highest peak of Jishan Mountain, with an altitude of 1917 meters. It is steep and abnormal, and it is a strange peak that rises in the middle of the vast Jishan Mountain. Because the whole mountain peak is beautiful and magnificent, and the trees are gloomy, it has the reputation of "the chicken peak is green" and was listed as the first of the eight scenic spots in Chengxian County early. The word "shrug" reminds people that it is unwilling to be ordinary, and it pursues precipitous climbing. The mountains around it are as gentle as lotus flowers, and when it comes to it, it suddenly rises a lot, like a knife chopping an axe. It seems that the cliff of Huashan Mountain has been directly moved here for exhibition to the world. The local people describe it succinctly and accurately: "The Qifeng is solitary, straight into the clouds, and looks like a chicken's head." I used to come to Chengxian County and tried to climb many times, but I felt too high and daunting. I can't miss it again this time.
when the dusk settled, our interview car finally drove into the section from Xiaochuan to Zhifang in Chengxian County, which was a ten-day expressway. The mysterious Chicken Mountain stretches for dozens of miles, like a screen dyed by indigo naturalis on the Huicheng Basin where the county seat is located.
I fell asleep under the lingering night rain. The next morning, I opened the hotel window and looked at the direction of Jifeng Mountain in the cool morning breeze, only to find that it was completely hidden in the clouds, secretly worried that I couldn't see its whole picture. He Chaoju, a local literary friend who accompanied us to climb the mountain, was quite excited. Maybe we could see the sea of clouds on the mountain.
Regardless of whether Qin Shihuang has been to Jifeng Mountain or not, in the eyes of ordinary people, its name has a distinctive local flavor. It is said that there is a golden rooster in heaven. Because it likes the beautiful mountains and rivers in the same valley, it flies to the top of Jifeng Mountain, ringing its neck every day and sending morning news to the world. The record of Zhuo Yu Xuan Ji written by Chao Shuo, Cheng Song Prefecture, is full of ridicule: the phoenix rises in Xiqiao, passes through Fengxian County and the county is named after the phoenix, passes through Fenghuang Mountain and the mountain is named after the phoenix, while Zhuo Yu is named after the phoenix in Baizhangtan, and passes through Chicken Mountain by mistake, so it is called Chicken Mountain.
it's hard to think of the phoenix as a chicken.
standing on the towering "cockscomb", the skirt is rustling, and there is no land under the flying pavilion. The cliff with a drop of 2-3 meters makes people dizzy.
Along the winding cement road, we drive slowly, fearing that we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way carelessly.
The landform of Jifeng Mountain is very characteristic. It can be simply divided into three levels: the upper part is mountainous, the middle part is hilly, and the bottom part is gully and dam land.
There are villages with white walls and blue tiles and terraced fields, with green wheat seedlings and golden rape flowers spreading the brightest colors. On the roadside, there are all walnut trees with shiny leaves, and magpies are dragging their long tails to jump on the branches. In hilly areas, the vegetation becomes dense and abnormal, like splashing green waves directly. In the mountainous areas, large gray and white rock formations are exposed on the cliffs, which reminds people of the famous karst terrain.
He Chaoju is definitely a practitioner of Confucius's "knowing more about the names of birds, animals and plants". He said that he had consulted his friends in forestry. Jifeng Mountain is a big plant kingdom, and he counted a few treasures. He said that there are nearly 3, species of wild cash crops on Jifeng Mountain, belonging to 12 families and 466 genera, including 282 species of ornamental plants belonging to 96 genera and 55 families, and the flora in the north temperate zone is absolute. Conifers, such as Pinus armandii, Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis and broad-leaved oak, Acer, Populus, Salix, Lacquer, etc., constitute the main forest tree species, and there are tropical related tree species, such as Dalbergia odorifera, Rhus sumac, Cotinus coggygria, Pistacia chinensis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Schisandra chinensis, Kiwi, Ophiopogon japonicus, etc., as well as Ginkgo biloba, Taxus chinensis and Cephalotaxus crassipes.
after more than 2 minutes, we arrived at the parking lot under the main peak, Luoluo Peak, and pointed to different flowers and leaves by the roadside, so we were very interested in listening to his botanical interpretation.
At this time, at the pass of the mountain, there are two white clouds coming out of the cave, near and far, like the long sleeves of a fairy floating in the wind, which makes people feel like dust in an instant.
Looking up from the parking lot, the solitary symbol of the Luofeng Mountain is outstanding. The ancient buildings on it stand on the top of the dangerous peak, or are hidden among pine and bamboo trees by mountains and cliffs, or fly across valleys and streams on the sea of clouds ... He Chaoju said that according to the stone carvings on the cliff in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the inscriptions in the Zhao Heng period in northern Song Zhenzong, temple buildings and Buddhist activities on the mountain have flourished more than a thousand years ago. According to the stele "Jishan Shengfo Pavilion Monument" set up in Shaoxing in the 14th year of the Southern Song Dynasty, "There are Buddha statues around the cave, and I don't know when it started". This cave is also the Dragon Cave. "Between the grass on the top of the mountain, the statue is buried, the wind and rain are eroded, and the years are long." "At the age of Zhenghe and Ding You, it is a Buddhist pavilion."
There is also a story among the people that Emperor Taizong once climbed Jishan and Wei Chijingde, the hero of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, built a Buddhist temple in Jifeng Mountain to record his deeds. Up to now, there is a site of Tang Wangge on the mountain. Guangxiang Temple, the main peak, was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. These beautifully shaped temple buildings are built along Lingguan Gorge, Yaowang Hall, Longdong, Erzi Hall and Qinyu Peak. The natural landscape and the human landscape are completely interesting, which is extremely brilliant and spectacular.
standing on the towering "cockscomb" of Jifeng Mountain, the skirt is rustling, the flying pavilion is dripping with water, and the cliff with a drop of 2-3 meters is dizzying and two battles are fought. Looking at the direction of the county, the smaller the scenery under the mountain, the field is like a chess game, and the hands are almost awkward. And when the first emperor came here, what kind of mood did he have?
Qin Shihuang's famous trip to the west, the Records of the Historian, which cherishes ink like gold, only wrote eighteen words in Qin Shihuang's Chronicle.
Qin Shihuang's famous trip to the west, the Records of the Historian, which cherishes ink like gold, only wrote eighteen words in Qin Shihuang's Chronicle: "In the twenty-seventh year, the emperor toured Longxi and Beidi, and went out to Jitou Mountain. The northern area is now Pingliang, Qingyang and Guyuan. Back to the middle, in Pingliang Jingchuan. Only "Jitou Mountain" has great geographical differences. Where is its position? Scholars have not come to a clear conclusion since the Han Dynasty. Prior to this, Jitou Mountain mainly included Kongtong Mountain in Pingliang, Baoji Mountain in Baoji and Shenxian Cave in Zhengzhou.
As early as nine years ago, a seminar was held in Chengxian to evaluate the tourism development of Jifeng Mountain. Experts attending the seminar put forward the view that Jitou Mountain, which was boarded by Huangdi and Qin Shihuang, was Jifeng Mountain in Chengxian, which caused a heated discussion.
Pingliang Kongtong has many nicknames in history. For example, Shuijing Notes says, "Guntou Mountain is another name of Dalong Mountain, or Jitou Mountain." For example, "Wei Shu Topography" said: "Jingyang has a thin mountain, and the water is out." That is to say, in history, Kongtong Mountain once had the names of Qitou Mountain, Jitou Mountain and Boluo Mountain. However, "Jitou Mountain" has never been the main name of Kongtong Mountain. Is it true that the Historical Records, which records important historical figures and events, will compare such an important historical event as the Yellow Emperor's visit to Kongtong with an alias mountain that is not dominant? What's more, if the "Kongtong Mountain" is the "Jitou Mountain", we won't "go west to Kongtong" first, then "climb the head of a chicken", and record one mountain as two places. Obviously, the "Kongtong Mountain" may be the mountain where the Yellow Emperor visited Taoism, but it may not be the mountain where the head of a chicken climbed. Baoji Mountain in Baoji, Shaanxi Province, located more than 1 kilometers southeast of Baoji City, was called "Chencang Mountain", "Baoji Mountain" or "Chicken Mountain" in ancient times. Baoji was originally called "Chencang". According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Wengong hunted here and got a female chicken, then flew to the mountain and turned it into a stone chicken, and set up a shrine to worship it as "Chen Bao". "If you get the female hegemony, you get the male king." When you arrive in Qin Mugong, you will get the hegemony. In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Chencang Mountain heard the cock crow again, and the sound spread for more than 1 miles. The emperor thought it was a sign of auspicious, so he changed Chencang to "Baoji". Some experts believe that this "chicken mountain" is not the mountain where the Yellow Emperor and Qin Shihuang "climb the head of a chicken". Shenxian Cave in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, is dominated by karst caves, and consists of three central areas: Doulonggou, Ghost Valley and Jishan. The winding path in the cave is secluded, the spring water overflows, and the stalactite has a strange shape. Legend has it that Shenxian Cave is the place where Guangchengzi, an ancient immortal, lived, and Huangdi in Xuanyuan once prayed for self-cultivation. Obviously, this place is not the mountain where the Yellow Emperor and Qin Shihuang "climb the head of a chicken".
Jifeng Mountain is not what we expected, but it is located in a lonely corner in the southeast of Huicheng Basin in Longnan Mountain. Since ancient times, it is located in the core area of the golden triangle formed by the intersection of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan in the upper reaches of Jialing River at the southern foot of West Qinling Mountain. It is the border between the West Han River Basin and Weishui River Basin, an important tributary of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. It is bordered by Qinling Mountain in the east, Minshan Mountain in the west, Jialing River and West Han River Valley in the east, Hanzhong Basin in the west and Wudu in the south.
There is a more peculiar point of view: the whole mountain shape of Jifeng Mountain is like a huge statue of an emperor ascending to the throne, which is in line with the intention of the Yellow Emperor, Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi and other emperors to announce the world's accession to the throne, and it is also a very important reason.
Since "Chicken Mountain" belongs to "the essence of the sun and the sun", "The golden rooster announces the dawn" indicates the birth of a new dynasty. The "chicken" of the sacred "chicken mountain" is of course the "foundation" of the emperor's foundation. In ancient times, "chicken" and "base" were homonyms and more synonymous. Therefore, "climbing the rooster" is a symbol of "enthronement". The ancient Yellow Emperor and emperors such as Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi established a new dynasty. In addition to going to the "Chicken Mountain" to worship the sky, they also used their own "chicken" to declare the "enthronement" of imperial power. Whether so, different people have different opinions.
Jishan in Chengxian County is a natural mountain with the shape of a chicken's head, which conforms to the geographical features recorded in ancient documents.
The main peak of Jifeng Mountain in Chengxian County resembles the statue of a natural emperor ascending to the throne, which is combined with the mountain shape behind it and is very similar to a huge natural comb. "Youyang Miscellaneous" contains: "Dragon, there is something on its head, such as Boshan shape, whose name is ruler wood." "Er Ya Yi Shi Long" contains: "The dragon ... has something on its head, such as Boshan, whose name is Chi Mu. Wood without feet cannot ascend to heaven. " Dragon is the symbol of "God" in Chinese myths and legends. The "ruler wood" on the faucet is a symbol that can truly become a "dragon"-a fairy and emperor. The ruler is in the shape of a "cockscomb", that is, a "crown". Therefore, when emperors of later generations ascended the throne, they all wore a crown to show that they had a ruler and became a "dragon" who could ascend to heaven. The ancient Yellow Emperor, Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty all regarded themselves as the blood descendants of the "Dragon", and of course, they should show that they already had the "ruler wood" when they announced their accession to the throne.
In addition, in Chengxian area where Jifeng Mountain is located, the whole landform is like a huge natural "god chicken". Jifeng Mountain is the "chicken head" of this huge natural "god chicken". This may be a geographical coincidence, but it cannot rule out the mysterious cultural connection contained in it. Emperor Huangdi and Qin Shihuang chose Chicken Mountain in Chengxian County to worship the heaven, which probably implied this factor.
The concept of "Genesis" of the Chinese nation is "Pangu opened the heavens and the earth". The original origin of "Pangu opened the heavens and the earth" is "chaos like a chicken": human life and civilization all come from "chicken". Therefore, the ancient emperors, who were deeply influenced by ancient civilization, believed in the gods of heaven and earth, tried their best to communicate with God, and wanted to gain the secret of eternal life and eternal imperial power. Every time they won the great war, founded the country, and their ancestors were born, they were bound to climb the sacred mountain that was closest to the "gods" and worship the heaven. And the chicken-head-shaped mountain related to "chicken" has of course become the first choice for emperors to worship heaven.
Jishan Mountain in Chengxian County is a natural mountain with the shape of a chicken's head, which accords with the geographical features recorded in ancient documents.
The view that Jifeng Mountain in Chengzhou is Jitou Mountain is also endless in history books. The Historical Records of Justice written by Zhang Shoujie in the Tang Dynasty first explained the geographical categories of Longxi and Beidi: "Longxi is now Longyou; Beidi, now Ningzhou. " Regarding "Jitou Mountain", Zhang Shoujie's "Justice" quoted the cloud of "Kuozhi": Huizhong Palace is 4 miles west of Yong County, Qizhou. At the beginning, the emperor wanted to patrol the north of Longxi in the west, from Xianyang to Ningzhou in the northwest, to Chengzhou in the southwest, to Jitou Mountain in the east, and to return to Zhonggong after crossing Qizhou.
It is interesting that, corresponding to the first patrol after Qin Shihuang's reunification, according to historical records, more than one hundred years later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also came to the northwest of Gansu, and Yuan Ding began to patrol the county country in the fifth year (the first 112 years). His patrol almost completely followed the old trail of Qin Shihuang's western tour in the twenty-seventh year (the first 22 years). If Qin Shihuang has been to Jifeng Mountain in Chengxian County, then Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has naturally been there. If the Yellow Emperor, Qin Shihuang, and Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty all came to the Jifeng Mountain, this scene would be jaw-dropping.
It seems that the Jifeng Mountain in Chengxian County is not intended to be exclusively beautiful. Scholars in the neighboring Xihe County put forward a new viewpoint. The new edition of Xihe County Records thinks that Jitou Mountain is the Tazi Mountain in Xihe County. The purpose of Qin Shihuang's westward tour is mainly to worship ancestors. In recent years, the discovery of the Qin cemetery in Dabaozishan, Lixian County has completely confirmed that the historical records record that the old place of Qin people and the old capital of Qin State are in the upper reaches of the Western Han River at the junction of Longnan and Tianshui today, that is, the land of Guxichui and Xixian County. There are ancestral temples and mausoleums of the State of Qin, and there are also "Xiqiao" used to worship heaven. The name of Jifeng Mountain in Chengxian County is a rising star, and it is far away from the old haunt of Dabao Mountain in Lixian County. In the Qin Shihuang era two thousand years ago, there would be no possibility for the emperor to visit for no reason. At that time, although there were also activities of closing the Mount Tai for meditation, the Jifeng Mountain in Chengxian County was incomparable with Mount Tai, which was far famous in the pre-Qin period. Although Xihe "Jitou Mountain" was not necessarily well-known at that time, it was located in the central area of the old town of Xixi, and it was also the only place on the main road. Qin Shihuang came to the west from "Jitoudao" via "Jitoushan"