Ji (jī) Kang, Guangling San Literary scholar, thinker and musician at the end of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. One of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, the word Shuyu. Intermarried with the Wei clan, worship in the San doctor, the world called JI in the San. One of the representatives of Wei and Jin metaphysics, sickle people in Qiao County (now southwest of Suzhou, Anhui Province), good at music. He was good at music. He composed "Long Qing", "Short Qing", "Long Side" and "Short Side", which were collectively known as "JI's Four Fiddles", and "Cai's Five Fiddles" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which were collectively known as "Nine Fiddles". Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty had the "Nine Lane" as one of the conditions of the imperial examination to get a scholar. The allusion to "Guangling's best sound" left by him has been passed down to future generations as a good story, and "Guangling San" has become one of the top ten guqin tunes in China. His "sound without sadness and music theory" "and mountain Juyuan book" "qin fugue" "health theory" and other works is also a thousand years of the masterpiece. Jikang is a good-looking man, his good friend Shan Tao said he was "standing like a lone pine independent; drunk like a jade mountain will collapse". His brother JI Xi in the "JI Kang biography", very not modestly boasted that he is "just in the group shape, will know the very instrument." However, it is such a good-looking characters, but there is "earth and wood shape, not from the algae decoration" personality tendencies, according to the contemporaneous Yan Zhiwei in the "Yan's family training" recorded that the upper class men, advocating the beauty of the feminine, attaches great importance to the personal grooming, not only before going out to the powder Shi Zhu, smoky repair face, but also to bring all the feather fan, stag The upper class men emphasized feminine beauty and attached great importance to personal grooming. Before going out, they not only had to put on powder and Zhu, but also had to bring along feather fans, stags, jade rings, scented pouches and other artifacts. Imagine, with those powdered face, lightly move the lotus step of the soft to do compared to the author, Jikang's natural beauty is how refreshing. He is one of the famous beauty of ancient China. Wild and capricious Jikang has the personality and behavior of the open and wild. Jikang free and lazy, "head and face often January 15 days without washing, not big boredom, can not be bathed," coupled with the loss of his father at an early age, so often indulge themselves, in his words, "and indulge in a long time, the sentiment of the proud scattered". In his words, "he had been indulgent for a long time, and his feelings were arrogant and loose". After accepting Laozhuang in his adulthood, he "increased his indulgence, so that the heart of honor and progress was decreasing". In this genius of laziness and freedom in the breeding of Jikang's wild and open-minded. Jikang in life is indeed very crazy, he is light of time and proud of the world, to the courtesy of the scholar disdain. Xiangxiu in the "thinking of the old fugue preface" also said that he and jikang's friendship: "Yu and jikang, lu an, living close. Their people and have unruly talent. But JI Zhiyuan and sparse, Lv open-minded and relaxed." Zhong Hui framed Lv An, put him on a charge is "speech debauchery, non-destruction of Dengmu" long in poetry and literature as one of the representatives of the Wei and Jin literary world of Jikang, the spirit of its works profoundly expressed the Wei and Jin generation of the awakening of human nature, as well as the yearning for freedom and the relentless pursuit of the scholar. Poets travel with, swim in the heart of too metaphysical, eyes cast to the nature of the old Zhuang, to the nature of the great far-reaching realm to see take life. Artistic perspective turns to examine their own spiritual world, the aesthetic color tends to the lightness of the spirit. Jikang is the first person poetic Zhuangzi, the proposition of metaphysics into the aesthetic thinking of the times, the formation of a generation of clear, far-reaching metaphysical style. Jikang's poem "describing the spirit of the poem" has the following words: "the rush of quietness and nature, the glory of peace and enough for". The two words "rushing still" best represent the poet's sentiment, interest and pursuit of life, do not adore glory, "light time and proud of things, not for the use of things", but to seek the virtual quiet and light to obtain the natural home, forming a poem plain and far-reaching, beyond the commonplace of the abstruse appearance style. Jikang thoughtful, master of the heart, the paper is quite a lot of insightful insights, sharp ideas, such as "and the mountain Juyuan book", aggressive, painfully, resulting in Sima Zhao "heard and evil. Good at the piano music in the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties, the guqin into the Taoist purity, indifferent and far-reaching ideas, showing the elegant artistic style of the guqin and ethereal beauty of the realm. Jikang's guqin, in the context of the times and under the influence of his outlook on life, is mainly manifested as follows: "Advocating the peaceful sound of 'natural harmony' outside, and the peaceful memory of 'sorrow and happiness do not remain in the mind, and the body gas and peace in the absence of sensation'. heart, so as to achieve the aesthetic realm of peace and beauty." At the time of his seclusion in the bamboo forest, his zither has the beauty of peace and harmony, and has the romantic realm of life that swims in the heart of nothingness. Jikang expressed musical ideas, making the musical art of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, from the traditional utilitarian aesthetic attitude to the reverence for nature, thus focusing on the individual's inner emotions and artistic embodiment.? Jikang can not realize their own wishes, the guqin can only send his bitter heart. When living in seclusion in the bamboo forest, Jikang's musical attainments have reached the peak of the state. He created the "long clear", "short clear", "long side", "short side" of the four zither music, known as "JI's four fiddles", and Cai Yong created the "Cai's five fiddles" collectively known as "nine fiddles", is a group of famous ancient Chinese zither music. China's ancient famous group of zither music. Most of the themes of Jikang's zither compositions come from natural scenery, and in the process of playing the zither strings, they all present his natural and peaceful outlook on life. Jikang's ethereal sound, accompanied by his life, but also shows his profound and inexplicable realm of life. In the quiet bamboo forest to stroke a song of the zither, the mountain can grow grass and trees, can reproduce birds and animals, water can moisturize all living things. The beautiful zither music can cultivate the temperament, can reflect the meaning of a person's life and the pursuit of life. Through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret the noble and elegant Wei Jin celebrity's style; through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret the history behind how many hidden unknown things, through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret the beauty of the destruction of the helplessness and sadness; through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret the hidden kernel of life; through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret the Jikang's consciousness of life; through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret Jikang's consciousness of life; through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret Jikang's consciousness of life; through the sound of the piano, you can carefully interpret the meaning of life and the pursuit of life. Through the sound of the zither, you can carefully interpret the poetic realm of life that contains his misty mystery. JI Kang was also good at cursive writing and painting. His ink writing is "bright and luminous, and his airy style is like a cloud", which is classified as a wonderful piece of cursive writing. The Tang Book Review commented, "Jikang's book is like holding a half-drunken zither, singing slowly; and if a crane returns to the forest, the birds scatter at first." Its wild and dashing temperament, leaping off the page. In addition, according to Zhang Yanyuan's "Records of Famous Paintings Throughout the Ages", he was also quite skilled in painting and calligraphy, and in the Tang Dynasty, there was a "Chiu Yu Wash Your Ears" and "Lion Strikes the Elephant", but unfortunately, they are now lost. Drunk on metaphysics Xuanxue is in the Han dynasty on the basis of the decline of Confucianism, in order to make up for the lack of Confucianism and the emergence of the Han dynasty by the evolution of Taoist thought, HuangLao of the evolution of the development of the Han dynasty, is the end of the Han dynasty and Wei early QingZhou direct evolution of the product. Wei and Jin metaphysics, in the history of Chinese philosophy has an important position. As a unique trend of thought in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Xuanxue flaunted Laozhuang, advocated noble nothingness, and revered nature. These ideas were applied to the life of the celebrities, is that we see the pillow green stone, lying in the pine hillock, the abyss and tsunami, curved humerus and song, but also the sex of wine, good piano, like the personality of the esoteric talk. What's more, the cloak of hair, naked and walking, taking drugs, indulge in wine, make the behavior of the opposite of the famous religion. Jikang revered nature, that "nature" is the original state of the universe, is a regular harmony of the unified whole, which does not have any conflict. And human society is a part of nature, should also be a harmless conflict of interest in a harmonious whole. He thought that the name and religion had destroyed this harmonious state, so he advocated "to let nature take its place over the name and religion", and "not Tangwu, but Zhoukong". Indulgence in wine After the realization of life consciousness, the recognition of the fragility of life and the panic of the precariousness of the future, the Wei Jin scribes finally understood that any profound theory can not stop the footsteps of death, and any lofty goals can not be replaced by the end of death. As a result, the Wei Jin scribes in the role of self-complete mentality, showing the wisdom and self-awareness of the whole body of the far disaster. Drunk on wine, distant from the world to far from the disaster of the whole body, is the Wei Jin scribes awakened to protect the length of the wisdom of life choices. Jikang's interest in life is filled with the fragrance of wine, but the intoxicated soul but not swept away the death threat of the haze, the dashing style always reveals the traces of the pain and struggle. This unique style of alcoholism has not only left its shadow in the history of Chinese literati, but also added a never-fading charm to Chinese literature, philosophy and aesthetics. Despising the powerful and noble Zhong Hui was famous for being a minister of Cao Wei and the son of the great calligrapher Zhong Qiao, who was "keenly intelligent and long-established, and had little talent", but also had the ambition of a young man, and at the age of nineteen he was appointed to the post of secretary, and three years later he was promoted to the post of minister of the state, and at the age of twenty-nine he was appointed Marquis of Guannei, which is a genius-level " political animal". But Jikang refused to socialize such a friend. Although the noble birth, the official position is prominent, but in the literary talent, for only two years longer than his Jikang, or admiration, even to the point of not daring to communicate with it face to face. The Shishu Xinyao; literature, fourth" recorded an interesting story, said that when the bell will write the "four theories", want to ask Jikang see, but I am afraid that Jikang do not see, in the heat of the moment, even "in the outdoor remote throws, will be back to the idle away". Later made a high-ranking official Zhong will again visit Jikang, Jikang ignore, continue in front of the house under the tree "forging iron". Furnace fire, Jikang hand hammer down, a look like no one else. Zhong will finally feel boring, so resentfully decided to leave. Jikang at this time finally spoke, he asked Zhong will: "What heard and came, what see and go?" Zhong Hui replied, "I came to hear what I heard, and left to see what I saw." Zhong Hui felt disgraced by this visit and held a deep grudge. Jikang also gave a close friend of the original Lu Xun wrote a letter of friendship, "no ugly words," the gentleman style, expressed the indignation and disappointment of this friend for many years. Sima Zhao had wanted to draw in Jikang, but Jikang tended to the side of the royal family in the political struggle at that time, for Sima's non-cooperative attitude, and therefore quite jealous. Jikang's straightforward character has its lovely, but Jikang's character determines his earthly sad fate, and spiritual transcendence and the achievement of his charisma. Hidden in the bamboo forest Jikang return to nature prefer to play iron, transcendental to be at ease, not for the hypocrisy of the world, and attach importance to the true friendship. In the biography of the scribe, Jikang is said to have the ability to "be extremely skillful in nature and be able to forge iron". Jikang hobby iron, iron store in the back garden under a leafy willow tree, he drew the spring, around the willow tree built a small swimming pool, iron tired, jump into the pool to soak for a while. Seeing people either praise him "Xiao Xiao Su Su, cool and clear", or praise him "Su Su like the wind under the pine, high and Xu Yin". From this can be seen on the life of the dashing posture. Jinshu - Jikang" also wrote: "Kang live in poverty, tasted with to the show *** forging under the tree, to support themselves." He was playing iron to show his "far from the group" and contempt for the world, which is the fundamental embodiment of his spiritual qualities. Serving health Jikang in the chaotic world, but revered the old man, seeking to serve the way of life, has its own set of unique health tips. He believes that the reason why people can live a long life, is to pay attention to the usual in the smallest place to maintain their own. This is like "for crops in the Tang Dynasty (when the world was in a drought), favoring the work of an irrigation, it must be an irrigation and then withered, and the benefits of an irrigation solid can not be false." The way of life is similar to this, the key is in the weekdays a little bit of cultivation, do not make themselves for the seven feelings of injury, six obscenity in, so that the body is strong and healthy, to live a long life. But the world is just the opposite, "often said that an anger is not enough to invade the sex, a sadness is not enough to hurt the body, light and wanton," which can really "do not know the benefits of an irrigation, and hope that the Jiagu in the drought seedlings also." Therefore, the world heard a lot of premature death of people, it is difficult to see the white head of a man. Jikang believes that people can live a long life. He said, "special acceptance of different gas, endowed with natural ...... to the guide to raise a reasonable, in order to complete the life, the upper get more than a thousand years of age, the lower can be hundreds of years, can have the ear." But the world is not fine (its art) so can not get it." But what is this subtle longevity art? Jikang is this: "Gentlemen know the shape of the God to set up, the God must be form to save, realize the easy loss of reason, know the harm of one over the life. Therefore, repair sex to protect God, peace of mind to the whole body, love and hate do not inhabited in the feelings, sadness and happiness do not stay in the intention, parked and no sense of the body gas and peace, but also breathing and vomiting, food and nourishing the body, so that the form of God is close to the table and all help." Jikang wife Jikang wife for the Pei King's youngest daughter Changle Pavilion Lord, because she was born with a sense of superiority and aristocratic temperament, Jikang and her feelings are not very harmonious. Occasionally get the ancient song Jikang Cheng Taoist quiet and indifferent aesthetic thinking, with a transcendental mind, deep philosophical thinking, in the natural landscape in the view of their ideal personality, giving nature rich subjective emotions, the creation of the landscape aesthetics to send feelings, the art of God's mind realm. Jikang preferred landscape, secluded in the mountains, his life and nature has formed an unbreakable bond. About Jikang learn "Guangling San" there is a story: Jikang had gone to the Luo West to visit, the night stayed in the Huayang Pavilion. The wind and the moon, Jikang interest, in the courtyard to play the piano. Suddenly, outside into a guest dressed in ancient costumes, to talk to Jikang music. The two talked eloquently, the uninvited guest talked about music to clear, insightful, so that Jikang both surprise and admiration. Guests are happy to talk about, will have to over the piano to play, only to hear the tune is powerful, heartfelt, the more you listen to the more impassioned. Guests played the tune, told Jikang, this song is called "Guangling San", the performance is Nie Zheng for his father to avenge the assassination of the King of Han after the tragic story of death by cutting his own throat. Jikang was very touched by the story, plus he felt that the tone of voice played by this person was unrivaled, so he asked the guest for advice. The guest did not refuse, and taught over and over again. When he was sure that Jikang had learned, he asked Jikang to swear not to pass it on to others. After Jikang swore to heaven, the guest left without even leaving his name. Jikang learned "Guangling San", often play it, so that attracted many people to come to seek advice. Jiejie Shantao For Jikang, it was friends who really disturbed him from the depths of his heart. Friendship outside of the visit, he can bow his head, waved away, but for friends is not the same, even the slightest psychological disconnect, will make him anxious and painful, therefore, how deep the friendship, interference is also how deep. He and his good friend Shan Tao later had an unpleasant incident. Shan Tao was holding a very big official position: the Minister of the Ministry of the Shangshu. In he is going to another high time, the court asked him to recommend a qualified person to succeed, he sincerely recommended Jikang. Jikang knew about this matter, immediately wrote a letter of absolute friendship to Shan Tao. Jikang's "and the mountain Juyuan letter" is considered to be the history of the first truly embodies the independent character of the literati satirical masterpiece, Jikang "teacher heart to send the argument", dare to raise the issue, boldly express their own opinions, the style of writing is sharp. In more than 1,800 words, rather than humiliating Shan Tao, Jikang is more likely to humiliate the brutal and hypocritical rule of Sima's group. Some people say that Jikang did this because he wanted to preserve Shantao, because the rulers of the Jin Dynasty at that time, had been very dissatisfied with Jikang's uncooperative attitude, and Shantao was Jikang's friend, so Jikang did this to make them think that Shantao had no more relationship with Jikang, so that Shantao could also not have to worry about anything. This is an example of Jikang's willingness to sacrifice for his friends. Righteousness Originally, two brothers, Lv Xun and Lv An, were friends of Jikang, but these two brothers suddenly made a big lawsuit that shocked both near and far. Lv Xun saw his sister-in-law Xu's beauty, by Lv An's absence, instructed his wife to get his sister-in-law drunk with wine, and raped her. After the incident, Lu An wanted to sue the official. Lv Xun hastily asked Jikang to mediate. Jikang because of the relationship with the two is not ordinary, so should Lv Xun's invitation, mediation, the matter pressed down. However, after the incident, Lu Xun was a backstabber, the first to complain, said Lu An is not filial, even dare to Laos mother's face. Lu An, who had a hard time defending himself, thought of Jikang, the most honorable friend of his heart. Jikang shot up. Jikang wrote the Book of Severing Friendship with Lv Changti, scolding Lv Xun. He wanted to express his own good and evil through the extinction of friendship, and he also wanted to argue the meaning of friends through the extinction of friendship. After Lv An was imprisoned, in order to explain the truth, naturally involves Jikang to mediate the matter, Jikang was also therefore put into prison. dying to entrust the orphan In Jikang dying before, did not entrust his own pair of children to his brother Jixi, not entrusted to his respected Ruan Ji, and did not hand over to Xiangxiu, but entrusted to Shan Tao, and said to his son: "Shan Gong is still there, you are not alone." This is called a true friend, this is called a true confidant. After Jikang's death, Shan Tao treated Jikang's son like his own son. Shan Tao did not live up to Jikang's trust, has been to Jikang's son raised into a talent. Shan Tao and Wang Rong, after Jikang was killed, Jishao has been special care. They have done their friends should do the moral obligation and responsibility, so that the lonely and weak child, even if he lost his father, but also have their fatherly care and teaching, no longer so unsupported, this is the idiom "J Shao is not alone" origin. Eighteen years later, Jikang's son JI Shao also in the mountain Tao's strong recommendation, by Emperor Wu of Jin, "issued an imperial edict to the", and later became a loyal official of the Jin Dynasty. The touching and deep faith and friendship between friends has also become a good story that has been passed down through the ages. Guangling JI Kang was very familiar with both traditional and contemporary zither music, which can be seen in his "Zither Fugue". A molded Jikang portrait brick unearthed from a Southern Dynasty tomb in Xishanqiao, Nanjing, depicts Jikang seated and playing the zither in a dignified manner. We know that he is famous for playing "Guangling San". And this song "sound tone", has become a repertoire of extinct, it is said that in addition to Jikang, no one will play. Jikang was taken into custody because of Lu An's case. Zhong will advise Sima Zhao to take this opportunity to get rid of Jikang. Jikang in prison, immediately provoked public opinion, many heroes and heroes have asked to go to prison with Jikang. After being persuaded, the crowd was dispersed, but in the end, Jikang and Lu An were sentenced to death. On the day of execution, 3,000 students of the Imperial College collectively petitioned for the pardon of Jikang, and demanded that Jikang be allowed to come to the Imperial College as a teacher. These requests were not granted. Before the execution, Jikang look unchanged, as usual. He looked at the sun and shadow, from the execution is still a period of time, then to his wife to come to the usual love of the piano, in the penal colony stroked a song "Guangling San". After the song, Jikang put down the piano, sighed: "the former Yuan Xiao Ni taste from my learning "Guangling San", I every Jin solid, "Guangling San" in today's extinct!" After saying, jikang calmly on the poke, then forty years old. Edit this section of the appearance and demeanor Jikang extraordinary demeanor, for a world of standards, history: ● Jikang body length of seven feet eight inches, the style of special show. Those who saw it sighed: "Xiao Xiao Su Su, Shuang Lang Qingju." Or cloud: "Su Su Su like the wind under the pine, high and Xu Yin." Shan Gong said: "J Shuyu's people, rocky as the independence of the lone pine; its drunkenness, the puppet like the collapse of the Jade Mountain." (Shishu Xinyao - Rongzhi) ● Someone said to Wang Rong: "JI Yanzu Zhuo Zhuozhuo is like a wild crane in a flock of chickens." He replied, "You have not seen his father." (Shishu Xinyu - Rongzhi) ●Kang was orphaned early, had a strange talent, and was far away from the crowd. Body length of seven feet eight inches, beautiful words gas, have style, and the earth and wood shape, not from the algae decoration, people think the dragon chapter phoenix posture, the natural quality of nature. ("Jin Book - Jikang biography") ● Kang tasted medicine tour of the mountains and lakes, will be pleased, suddenly forget to reverse. At that time, there were woodcutters who met him, and he was called a god. ("Book of Jin - Jikang biography") ● Kang long seven feet eight inches, great color, earth and wood shape, not decorated, and the dragon chapter phoenix posture, the natural quality of nature. He is in the middle of the group, so he knows that he is an extraordinary tool. (Shishu Xinyun - Rongzhi, citing Kang Biezhuan) ●Kang was beautiful in sound and color. ("Selected Writings - Five Jun Wing" cited "Jikang Farewell Biography") That is to say, Jikang tall (Wei feet no clear conversion standard, about between the Han feet and Jin feet, equivalent to about (181.74 ~ 191.1), handsome, pleasant voice, excellent literary talent. Although he does not intentionally dress himself up, he is able to exude natural beauty through his transcendent demeanor. Editor's biography Jikang, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove", the word Shuyu, sickle people in Qiao County [1] . Jikang was a famous writer, thinker and musician at the end of Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms period, and was one of the representatives of Wei and Jin metaphysics. Jikang lost his father at an early age and married Princess Changle (said to be Cao Cao's granddaughter, the daughter of Cao Lin, the king of Pei; said to be Cao Cao's great-granddaughter, the granddaughter of Cao Lin) as his wife, and was appointed as Langzhong (郎中), Zhongsan Daifu (中散大夫), and had a son, Jishao (嵇绍). JI Shao was delivered by his father in prison and Shan Tao raised, and was recommended by Shan Tao for the government, but his way of government is very different from that of his father, he became a tamer for the emperor's loyalty to protect the driver. Once, emperor hui of jin defeated trapped, civil and military officials have fled, only ji shao dress properly with his own body to protect the emperor, die of loyalty. Jikang do not like for the official, usually to iron for fun (a said to make a living). General Sima Zhao once wanted to hire him as his own puisne, Jikang firm ambition is not willing to serve, leaving home to hide to Hedong. Jikang in the Jin tomb mural Jikang Siliwei Lieutenant Zhong will want to make friends with Jikang, light clothes fat ride, rate of the crowd and go. Jikang and Xiangxiu were forging iron under the shade of a tree, and paid no attention to Zhong Hui. After waiting for a long time and no reply, Zhong will be ready to leave. Jikang asked, "What do you hear and come, what do you see and go?" Zhong will answer: "heard and come, see see and go." From then on, the feud. In the second year of Jingyuan, Shan Tao, who was also one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, was appointed as the minister of the Ministry of Revenue by the general and recommended Jikang to take his place. Jikang therefore wrote the famous "Book of the Severance of Friendship with Shan Juyuan" to make his mind clear. Jikang was originally friends with his brother Lu Xun Lu An in Dongping. Lv An's wife was raped by his brother Lv Xun, and Lv An was going to repudiate his wife and sue Lv Xun. Lv Xun asked Jikang to persuade him and swore that he would not sue him first, so Jikang persuaded Lü An to put the matter to rest. However, Lv Xun was afraid of Lü An's repentance, so he sued Lü An for unfiliality. Jikang wrote a letter to Lv Xun to break up the friendship, and testified for Lu An, so he was also taken into custody. Zhong Hui advised Sima Zhao to take this opportunity to get rid of Jikang. Jikang in prison, immediately provoked public discontent, many heroes have asked to go to prison with Jikang. After being persuaded, the crowd was dispersed, but in the end, Jikang and Lu An were sentenced to death. On the day of execution, three thousand students of the Imperial College collectively petitioned for the pardon of Jikang, and asked to let Jikang come to the Imperial College as a teacher. But in the end, Sima Zhao still sentenced him to death. Before the execution, jikang look unchanged, as usual. He looked at the sun and shadow, from the execution is still a period of time, then to the elder brother to come to the usual love of the piano, in the execution of a song on the field of "Guangling San". After the song, Jikang put down the piano, sighed: "the former Yuan Xiao Ni taste from my learning "Guangling San", I every Jin solid, "Guangling San" in today's extinct!" After saying that, Jikang calmly on the killing, in 262 A.D., at the age of thirty-nine. I hope to adopt as the answer, thank you