Rape is also called oil cabbage, also known as Brassica, cold dishes, Hu dishes, bitter vegetables and small vegetables. Vegetables with stems and leaves. Rape belongs to panicum miliaceum of Brassicaceae, with straight roots, erect stems and few branches, and its plant height is 30~2250px. Leaves alternate, divided into basal leaves and cauline leaves. Basal leaves are undeveloped, creeping, oval, long 10~500px, petiole, big head pinnately divided, terminal lobes round or oval, 5 pairs of lateral harp-like lobes, densely setose, waxy powder, native to China, dark green in color, like cabbage, belonging to Brassicaceae, an annual or perennial herb. Widely planted in the north and south, it can be produced in all seasons. It likes to be cold and cold, and has strong cold resistance. The lowest temperature of seed germination is 3~5℃, and it will emerge after 3 days at 20~27℃. The root system is developed, the taproot is deeper than the soil, with many branches and thin roots, which requires deep soil layer, good structure and rich organic matter. Loam not only keeps fertilizer and water, but also is loose and breathable, which is more conducive to improving rape yield and oil content in weak acid or neutral soil.

Rape stems are cylindrical and multi-branched. Leaves alternate. Racemes with bright yellow flowers, long flowering period and developed nectaries. There are spherical seeds in silique, mainly red, yellow and black, with an oil content of 35% to 50%.