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The Aojiu Festival is a Han folk festival in Shiyi area of ??Fuzhou, Fujian Province. The date is the 29th day of the first lunar month. On this day, every household will cook Aojiu porridge to worship their ancestors or give it to relatives and friends; married women will also send Aojiu porridge back to their natal homes to honor their parents.

Legend 1

The Legend of Mulian Saving His Mother

According to legend, in ancient times there was a man named Mulian, whose mother was vicious and harmed her during her lifetime. After others died, they were imprisoned in the underworld. When he visited the prison, he often gave food to his mother, but all was eaten by the imp on guard. Later, he thought of a way to mix water chestnuts, peanuts, red dates, longan, brown sugar and other raw materials with glutinous rice to cook sweet porridge. After serving it in a bowl, he sprinkled a handful of black sesame seeds and gave it to his mother. When the guard saw the porridge, It was dark and asked: "What is this?" Maud Lian replied casually: "This is Aoguan." (The word "jiu" in Fuzhou dialect is homophonic to the word "dirty".) The guard believed it and thought the porridge was dirty, so he didn't dare to eat it. Therefore, "Aojiu Porridge" was delivered to Mulian's mother. This day happens to be the twenty-ninth day of the first lunar month, and Mulian's mother is also twenty-nine years old that year. According to Fujian custom, the first month is divided into "three nines", the ninth day of the first lunar month is called "the upper ninth month", and the nineteenth day is called the "zhongjiu" , the twenty-nine are called "the last nine", so this porridge is called the "the last nine porridge". Later, it was called "Aojiu porridge" because the color of the porridge was dark, and it was also called "Xiaojiu porridge" because of Mulian's filial piety to his mother. No matter it is the twenty-ninth year of the first lunar month or the twenty-nine year old, it is the year when Mulian's mother was in trouble, so Fuzhou people have a taboo on the ninth day, thinking that "nine" is the year of misfortune, so anyone who is "nine" years old If you want to eat too much, your married daughter should also send "nine" to her parents to pray for their safety and health.

Legend 2

Another saying is that the source of poverty is the source of poverty. Xie Zhaozhi, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, said: "The son of Gaoyang, his clothes were in ruins and he ate rice. "Eliminate the poor ghosts in the streets and alleys." Many scholars in the Qing Dynasty agreed with this theory. Lin Zutao's poem "Miscellaneous Odes of the Years of Minzhong" says: "It is said that in the ninth year of Fangchen, everyone cooks glutinous rice mixed with dates and hazelnuts to sweep away the dust and throw away the filth." , Send him the poor ghost to the God of Money."

Legend 3

According to legend, the father of the ancient Indian monk Mulian was engaged in business all year round, and his family had many mules and horses and countless treasures. His mother Qingti was the opposite. She hated monks the most. Maudgalyana yearned wholeheartedly for the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. When he grew up, he went out on business one time. Before leaving, he said to his mother: "My child is going out to seek wealth. My mother should accumulate virtue and kindness at home, and treat monks as she treats her children." His mother agreed. Unexpectedly, after Mu Lian left, his mother remained the same, fiercely driving away all the monks and nuns who came to ask for alms, and she was so stingy that she refused to give even a single meal. Half a year later, Mulian returned home and heard that his mother was very unfriendly to monks, so he asked his mother why. Upon hearing this, his mother became furious and scolded: "You don't believe your mother? If I treat monks badly, I will be punished for seven days." He will not die well, and he will fall into the Abi Hell!" Seven days later, his mother died violently. Mulian mourned his mother and buried him. Then he abandoned his glory and wealth, took refuge with Sakyamuni, became an Arhat, and became one of the ten disciples of the Buddha. Mulian Jing inquired and found out that his mother had really fallen into the Abi Hell after her death. He found his mother in hell who had become a hungry ghost and was being tortured. She was extremely sad and immediately fed his mother with rice in a bowl. But the rice turned into charcoal before it was even eaten. Mulian wailed and wept. The Tathagata Buddha saw Mulian's filial piety and said to him: "Although you have become an Arhat, you can't save your mother with your own strength. You must build the Obon Festival so that all the hungry ghosts in the world can be fed. Only then can your mother be saved." "So Mulian asked the monks from all over the world to hold the Ullambana gathering to save the hungry ghosts, so that his mother could escape from hell.

Legend 4

Mulian's mother, Mrs. Qingti, had a very rich family, but she was stingy and greedy, but her son was very moral and filial. His mother took advantage of her son to go out and slaughtered livestock every day, cooked and chewed them without thinking about her son, and she never practiced good deeds. After her mother died, she was thrown into the underworld and subjected to various tortures. In order to save his mother, Mulian became a monk and practiced spiritual practice. He obtained supernatural powers and went to hell to see his suffering mother.

Maud Lian couldn't bear it, but because of his mother's sins during her lifetime, she could not escape from the realm of hungry ghosts. The food he gave her to eat turned into charcoal before it reached her mouth. Maudgalyana was helpless and felt very sad. He prayed to the Buddha again. The Buddha taught Maud Leya to build the Bon Festival on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month to feed his mother with the help of monks from all over the world. Mulian followed the Buddha's instructions, so there was a Buddhist allusion of setting up a Bon orchid on the fifteenth day of the seventh month to make offerings to the monks in the ten directions to save the dead. Mulian's mother was able to eat enough and reincarnate into the human world, reborn as a dog. Mulian continued to educate his mother for seven days and seven nights, causing his mother to escape from the dog body and enter heaven. Such a Buddhist story has been passed down from the Western Jin Dynasty to the present, and it is passed down orally. The key is that the story encourages people to do good and encourages children to be filial. It also has a metaphor of "the world is full of bad parents."