Anhui Province Ten Million Mu Forest Growth Project Master Plan
(2012-2016)
In order to further strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, in accordance with the "double growth" of forestry The goals and general requirements for the construction of an ecologically strong province are based on the "National Forestry Development "Twelfth Five-Year Plan"", "National Afforestation and Greening Plan (2011-2020)", "Anhui Province Implementation Outline for the Construction of an Ecologically Strong Province", "Anhui Province The Provincial People's Government's Opinions on Implementing the Ten-million-Mu Forest Growth Project to Promote the Construction of an Ecologically Powerful Province" and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Forestry Development in Anhui Province", specially formulated the "Anhui Province Ten-million-Mu Forest Growth Project Master Plan (2012- 2016)》.
1. Background and foundation
(1) Basic overview.
Anhui is located in the hinterland of East China, located at 114°54′-119°37′ east longitude and 29°41′-34°38′ north latitude. It is about 350 kilometers wide from east to west and about 570 kilometers long from north to south. The total land area of ??the province is 139,600 square kilometers, which is roughly divided into five natural areas: Huaibei Plain Area, Jianghuai Hilly Area, Dabie Mountainous Area in western Anhui, Wanjiang Plain Area and Wannan Mountainous Area.
Anhui is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone, with the Huaihe River as the dividing line. The northern part has a warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, and the southern part has a subtropical humid monsoon climate. The average temperature throughout the year is 14~17℃. The average annual precipitation in the province increases from north to south: 800-900 mm in Huaibei, 900-1600 mm between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers, and 1200-2100 mm in the south of the Yangtze River.
The zonal soils in Anhui are mainly brown soil, yellow-brown soil, yellow soil and red soil. The non-zonal soils include fluvoid soil, sand ginger black soil, purple soil, calcareous soil and paddy soil. The hills and low mountains at the southern foot of the Wannan Mountains and the Dabie Mountains are mainly distributed in yellow brown soil, yellow soil and red soil; the Dabie Mountains in western Anhui are mainly distributed in brown soil; the Jianghuai hills are mainly yellow brown soil; the Huaibei Plain is mainly brown soil, accompanied by sand ginger. Black soil, fluvo-aquic soil, calcareous soil.
The vegetation in Anhui has an obvious transition from north to south, that is, from deciduous tree species (mainly coniferous trees) to evergreen broad-leaved tree species. To the north of the Huaihe River is the warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone, and to the south of the Huaihe River is the warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone. The central area of ??Anhui belongs to the northern subtropical deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest zone, and the southern area belongs to the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone. There are still a small amount of virgin forests in the hinterland of Dabie Mountain and Huangshan Mountain.
(2) Current status of forest resources.
Anhui’s existing forest area is 66.477 million acres, accounting for 31.7% of the total land area, and the total standing tree storage is 217 million cubic meters. The forest area is 57.063 million acres, ranking 20th in the country; the forest volume is 181 million cubic meters, ranking 19th in the country; the forest coverage rate is 27.53, ranking 18th in the country.
The forest land is divided by land type: forest area 57.063 million acres, sparse woodland area 669,000 acres, shrub land area 3.834 million acres, unforested forest area 1.653 million acres, nursery land area 160,500 acres, none The area of ??standing woodland is 1.1595 million acres, the area of ??suitable forest land is 1.9065 million acres, and the area of ??forestry auxiliary production land is 31,500 acres.
Anhui’s forest resources present the following characteristics:
First, the total amount is insufficient. The per capita forest area in Anhui is 0.83 acres, which is only 38.5 of the national per capita level (2.179 acres); the forest coverage rate is 27.53, ranking 18th in the country. There are 63 counties (including cities and districts, the same below) with forest coverage rates below 20 in the province.
The second is uneven distribution. Mountainous counties have higher forest coverage, followed by plains and lowest hills. The average forest coverage rate of 21 key mountainous counties in the province is 66.46, the average forest coverage rate of 32 plain counties is 18.83, and the average forest coverage rate of 54 hilly counties is only 14.47. There are 23 counties with a forest coverage rate of less than 10%, concentrated between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers and in hilly areas along the river.
Third, the quality is not high.
The storage volume per unit area of ??Anhui's arbor forests is only 4.13 cubic meters/mu, which is still low compared with the national average (5.73 cubic meters/mu); the arbor forests have a single layer structure, which is not conducive to the stability of the forest ecosystem; the artificial forests have a single species. The structure is simple and the resistance to diseases and insect pests is poor.
2. Necessity and feasibility of project construction
(1) Necessity of project construction.
The first is the need to improve the ecological environment and lay a solid foundation for an ecologically strong province. Anhui suffers from insufficient total forest volume and uneven distribution. The average forest coverage rate of the 54 hilly counties that account for 45.91% of the province's total land area is only 14.47%, and the forest coverage rate in some counties is only less than 5%. The Jianghuai hilly area has historically been densely forested, but due to long-term effects of various factors, the forest coverage rate has been low, the ecological functions are fragile, and many forest lands have been eroded and transformed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus on hilly areas, continuously expand afforestation space, vigorously promote afforestation and greening, significantly increase forest coverage, further improve and enhance ecological functions, and lay a solid foundation for building an ecologically strong province.
The second is the need to improve ecological competitiveness and promote economic transformation and development. Implementing tens of millions of acres of forest growth projects, accelerating urban and rural greening, and establishing a forest ecological network system in hills, mountains, and plains will help bring into play the carbon sequestration and emission reduction functions of forests, consolidate and expand existing ecological construction achievements, and create green mountains and water A green brand with fresh air, enhances Anhui’s ecological competitiveness, and promotes sustainable economic and social development.
The third is to develop forestry and people’s livelihood and realize the needs of prospering forests and enriching people. Accelerating afforestation can further consolidate and expand the results of the reform of the collective forest rights system, expand farmers' employment and income-increasing space, accelerate the prosperity and development of the rural economy, promote the construction of a new socialist countryside, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and achieve the goal of revitalizing forests and enriching the people.
The fourth is the need to learn from experience outside the province to achieve the goal of “double growth”. After the strategic goal of "double growth" of forestry was put forward, all parts of the country took extraordinary measures to increase afforestation and greening efforts. 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country clearly proposed establishing ecological provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) or building ecological provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). ) development strategy. The gratifying trend of brotherly provinces and cities competing to develop forestry not only inspires Anhui's forestry work, but also provides successful experience for achieving the goal of "double growth".
(2) Feasibility of project construction.
1. Spatial conditions for afforestation.
According to a full survey, Anhui currently has nearly 16 million acres of land that can be used for afforestation and greening: first, the area of ??sparse forest land, woodland without standing trees and land suitable for forestation (including stony mountainous land) that can be used for afforestation is 3.73 million acres; Second, the area covered by towns and villages can be used for afforestation area of ??1.1 million acres; third, the protective forests around towns and villages, along roads, water sources, water systems, and farmland can be used for afforestation area of ??6 million acres; fourth, the hilly areas of the Yangtze and Huaihe River areas, An area of ??5 million acres can be used for afforestation on major river banks and flatlands.
Based on the calculation that an increase of 2.07 million acres of forest area can increase the forest coverage rate by 1 percentage point, after afforestation of 16 million acres, the forest coverage rate can be increased by 7.73 percentage points, and the province's forest coverage rate will be increased from the current 27.53 Improved to 35.26.
2. Afforestation capability conditions.
At the end of the 1980s, the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government made the decision to implement the "May 8th" afforestation and greening plan. The province set off a climax of afforestation and greening. Leading cadres at all levels and the general public were involved in ecological construction and The awareness of protection has been greatly improved. Especially since the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", our province has successively implemented key forestry projects such as returning farmland to forest, Yangtze River shelterbelt, forestry schistosomiasis control, etc., and a large number of large-scale and strong radiant driving capabilities have emerged. Forestry enterprises actively participate in afforestation and greening, creating favorable conditions for accelerating the pace of afforestation and greening across the province.
From 2002 to 2005, the province completed the afforestation project of returning farmland to forest on an area of ??8.2 million acres, of which 5 million acres were completed in 2003. The implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest has accumulated rich experience in promoting afforestation and greening in the province, and further enhanced the organization and implementation capabilities of afforestation and greening projects. Based on the analysis of the existing external conditions for afforestation in our province, it is fully capable of afforestation of more than 3 million acres per year.
3. Overall ideas and construction goals
(1) Guiding ideology.
Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, closely focus on the construction of an ecologically strong province, coordinate the development of urban and rural forestry, strive to expand the total amount of forest resources, and further improve Forest coverage, improve forest quality, gradually establish a complete forest ecological system, a developed forestry industry system and a prosperous ecological and cultural system, provide a solid ecological barrier for sustainable economic and social development, and provide a good ecology for the people's production and life environment, laying the foundation for building a beautiful Anhui with economic prosperity, good ecology, social harmony, and people's happiness.
(2) Basic principles.
1. Government-led and national participation. Based on big forestry, big ecology and big development, we should give full play to the leading role of the government, mobilize the whole people and the whole society to run forestry, carry out large-scale afforestation, and significantly increase the forest coverage rate.
2. Reform and innovation, and coordinated advancement. Deepen and improve the supporting reform of the collective forest rights system and mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society for afforestation and management; introduce market mechanisms, optimize the combination of forestry production factors, and innovate the forestry development model; integrate forestry development with the construction of a better Anhui, the construction of new rural areas, agricultural structure adjustment, and village development. Development strategies such as rectification, poverty alleviation and development, and comprehensive management of the Jianghuai watershed should be combined and promoted in an overall manner.
3. Give priority to ecology and coordinate urban and rural areas. Based on the green and green construction and enjoyment of all people, vigorously promote the greening around cities and towns, greening roads, greening villages, greening water sources, greening around water systems and the construction of plain farmland shelterbelts to promote greening around us and continuously improve the living environment.
4. Improve people’s livelihood and benefit the people greenly. Coordinate the five major functions of forestry, including ecological, economic, social, cultural, and carbon sinks, explore and improve the comprehensive output benefits of forest land, vigorously develop forestry economy and under-forest economy, provide society with more ecological and green products, and promote farmers to increase their income and become rich.
5. Highlight key points and implement policies in different areas. Focus on hills, fully expand afforestation space, and change the situation of low forest coverage in hilly areas as soon as possible; consolidate mountainous areas, fully complete the greening of mountainous areas suitable for forestation, and accelerate the greening of stony mountainous areas; upgrade plains, comprehensively improve points, lines, networks, and Surface greening standards.
6. Scientifically afforestation according to local conditions. Respect the laws of nature, plan scientifically, use the right trees in the right places, give priority to the development of native tree species, ensure that every area is afforestation, survival and growth, and achieve sustainable development.
(3) Construction goals.
1. Overall goal. By 2016, the province's new forest area will be 10 million acres, and the forest coverage rate will reach 33%.
2. Partition target. By 2016, the forest coverage rate in all counties will reach or exceed the current national average forest coverage rate (20.36). The average forest coverage rate in mountainous areas reaches more than 67%, and the average forest coverage rate in hilly and plain areas reaches more than 22%.
3. Forestry economic development goals. By 2016, the province's total forestry output value will reach more than 200 billion yuan, and the comprehensive forestry income of farmers in mountainous areas will increase by more than 10% annually.
4. Strategic layout
(1) Development strategy.
1. Implement three major afforestation projects.
Hill greening breakthrough project. Focusing on the Jianghuai, Jiangnan, along the Yangtze River, and the hilly areas along the Huaihe River, combined with the adjustment of rural industrial structure and comprehensive management of schistosomiasis, we will vigorously carry out afforestation on steep slopes, hilly land, river beaches, lake beaches, and river beaches, greening around cities and towns, and greening water sources. , greening around reservoirs and water systems, and greening on the “side” gaps in rural areas.
Mountain afforestation project. Focusing on the mountainous areas of southern Anhui and western Anhui, as well as major stony mountainous areas such as eastern and northern Anhui, we will strive to fully cover the existing barren hills and wastelands suitable for forestation, cultivated land with a slope of more than 25 degrees, and stony mountains suitable for forestry.
Plain farmland protection forest improvement project. Focusing on areas in Huaibei, along the Yangtze River, and along the Huaihe Plain, combined with infrastructure construction such as high-yield and efficient farmland and water conservancy construction, we will comprehensively improve the construction standards of farmland forest networks with roads, ditches, and canals as the backbone, and form a relatively complete farmland protective forest system.
2. Carry out three creation activities.
Forest town creation activity.
With the theme of "Let the forest enter the city and let the city embrace the forest", focusing on the built-up areas and planned areas divided into districts, counties, and towns, we will vigorously build urban forests, urban forest parks, and various public green spaces. , strengthen the construction of urban-rural fringes, forest corridors at urban entrances and exits, and forest landscapes, and actively create forest towns.
Forest village creation activity. Targeting administrative villages, based on natural villages, combined with the construction of beautiful villages, we will carry out the "Ten Thousands of Trees Planting in Ten Thousand Villages" campaign, and vigorously create "Five Forests and Four Gardens" (i.e., surrounding village forests, road protection and embankment forests, courtyard forests, and water mouths). forests, recreational forests and small orchards, small bamboo gardens, small mulberry gardens, small medicinal gardens) to create a group of forest villages where people and nature live in harmony.
Forest corridor creation activity. Focusing on railways, expressways and national and provincial roads, as well as along rivers such as the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Xin'an River, Huaihong New River and around lakes such as Chaohu, the greening width on both sides should be no less than 50 meters, and where conditions permit, it should reach 100-meter standard, increase greening, beautification, and colorization efforts, create forest corridors, and create green landscapes.
(2) Construction layout.
With the goals of increasing forest area, improving forest coverage, optimizing the spatial distribution of forest resources and developing forestry economy, a construction layout has been established in 107 counties across the province to focus on hills, consolidate mountainous areas, and improve plains.
1. Hilly area. There are 54 counties in this region, focusing on hilly greening breakthrough projects, strengthening plain greening, mountainous afforestation, and developing forest towns, forest villages, and forest corridors. The main focus is afforestation on steep slopes and hilly land, afforestation around cities and towns, around reservoirs, water sources and gaps in rural areas, creating snail-suppressing and disease-preventing forests on the Yangtze River beach, and afforestation in stony mountainous areas suitable for forestation such as eastern Anhui. Accelerate the development of woody grain and oil bases such as camellia oleifera and pecan, industrial raw material forest bases, seedlings and flowers, forest tourism and understory economic industries.
2. Mountainous areas. There are 21 counties in this region, focusing on mountainous afforestation projects, strengthening afforestation in hilly areas outside mountainous areas and greening plains, and developing forest towns, forest villages, and forest corridors. The main directions of attack are afforestation on barren hills and wastelands, cultivated land with a slope of more than 25 degrees, and stony mountainous areas suitable for afforestation, strengthening afforestation on hills and hills outside the mountainous areas of southern Anhui and the Dabie Mountains, and building snail-suppressing and disease-preventing forests on the Yangtze River shoals. Accelerate the development of bamboo industry, famous and high-quality economic forests, forest tourism, understory economy and other industries.
3. Plain area. There are 32 counties in this region, focusing on the plain farmland protection forest improvement project, systematically promoting stony mountain afforestation and surrounding tree planting, and developing forest towns, forest villages, and forest corridor demonstration sections. The main direction of attack is to comprehensively improve the construction standards of farmland forest networks, form a relatively complete farmland protection forest system, and provide ecological barriers for agricultural production; and carry out afforestation on rocky mountainous areas in the Jianghuai hills and Huaibei hills. Accelerate the development of seedlings and flowers, famous and high-quality economic forests, industrial raw material forest bases, understory economy and other industries.
5. Key construction tasks
(1) Key construction tasks.
1. Artificial afforestation. From 2012 to 2016, the province completed 11.2221 million acres of artificial afforestation.
By project category, 4.6 million acres of national key projects, including 1.4 million acres of afforestation projects within the central budget and 3.2 million acres of central financial subsidy projects; 6.6221 million acres of provincial key projects, including stone 1.3 million acres of mountainous afforestation and 5.3221 million acres of other afforestation
According to regional layout, there are 8.1303 million acres in hilly areas, 572,700 acres in mountainous areas, and 2.5191 million acres in plain areas.
According to the scale of afforestation, 16 counties with afforestation tasks of more than 200,000 acres have afforestation of 6.6511 million acres, 13 counties with afforestation tasks of 100,000 to 200,000 acres have afforestation of 1.7578 million acres, and 19 counties with afforestation tasks of 50,000 to 100,000 acres have afforestation of 1.7578 million acres. 1.4006 million acres and 1.4126 million acres in 58 counties below 50,000 acres.
2. Create forest towns, forest villages and forest corridors.
The forest town is created. From 2012 to 2016, 5 national forest cities (districts and cities) were created, 20 provincial forest cities (counties, cities, districts) were created, and 300 provincial forest towns (townships) were created.
Forest village creation. From 2012 to 2016, a number of forest villages were created.
The forest corridor is created. From 2012 to 2016, 5,000 kilometers of forest corridor demonstration sections were built.
(2) Construction progress
1. Artificial afforestation. In 2012, 1.2221 million acres were completed, in 2013 2.4 million acres were completed, in 2014 2.8 million acres were completed, in 2015 2.8 million acres were completed, and in 2016 2 million acres were completed.
2. Create forest towns, forest villages and forest corridors.
In 2013, 6 forest cities were created (1 at the national level and 5 at the provincial level); 60 provincial-level forest towns (townships) were created; several forest villages were created; and a forest corridor demonstration section was built. 1,200 kilometers.
In 2014, 6 forest cities (1 at the national level and 5 at the provincial level) were created; 70 provincial-level forest towns (townships) were created; several forest villages were created; and a forest corridor demonstration section was built 1,300 kilometers.
In 2015, 6 forest cities (1 at the national level and 5 at the provincial level) were created; 70 provincial-level forest towns (townships) were created; several forest villages were created; and a forest corridor demonstration section was built 1,300 kilometers.
In 2016, 7 forest cities (2 at the national level and 5 at the provincial level) were created; 100 provincial-level forest towns (townships) were created; several forest villages were created; and a forest corridor demonstration section was built 1,200 kilometers.
6. Key points of engineering construction technology
(1) Selection of tree species.
Follow the laws of nature and select afforestation tree species in accordance with the principle of suitable trees for the right location. Increase the development of fruit forests in suitable areas, give full play to the economic benefits of forestry, and promote forest farmers to increase their income and become rich.
1. Selection of tree species for hilly greening breakthrough project. The main afforestation tree species are slash pine, loblolly pine, pines, oaks, camellia oleifera, pecan, poplar, acacia, ailanthus, toon, liquidambar, neem, beech, elm and other landscaping tree species.
2. Selection of afforestation tree species for mountain afforestation projects. The main afforestation tree species in barren hills and wastelands suitable for afforestation are fir, masson pine, bamboo, camellia oleifera, torreya, pecan, liquidambar, birch, jujube, wood lotus, etc.; the main afforestation tree species in stony mountainous areas are cypress, black locust, green locust, etc. Sandalwood, elm, beech, hawthorn, neem, etc.
3. Selection of afforestation tree species for plain farmland protection forest improvement project. The main afforestation tree species are poplar, hickory, black locust, neem, ailanthus, toon, catalpa, catalpa, paulownia, mango tree, white wax, etc.
4. Create forest cities, forest villages and forest corridor demonstration sections to select afforestation tree species. The main afforestation tree species are camphor, sweet-scented osmanthus, hackberry, magnolia grandiflora, poplar, liquidambar, luan tree, mango tree, privet, soapberry, hickory, crape myrtle, hibiscus, albizia, five-cornered maple, tallow tree, weeping willow, Metasequoia, white magnolia, red-leafed plum, redbud, wood lotus, paulownia, ginkgo, etc.
5. Selection of tree species for economic forest afforestation. The main afforestation tree species are camellia, pecan, torreya, raspberry, blueberry, persimmon, jujube, plum, cherry, apricot, peach, chestnut, eucommia, bamboo, green sandalwood, bamboo, wolfberry, etc.
(2) Seedling supply.
1. Seedling specifications. Seeds required for seedling cultivation should be collected from improved forest seed bases and forest seed collection bases as much as possible. The quality of forest tree seeds should reach Level I, Level II and Level III of the "Forest Tree Seed Quality Classification" (GB7908-1999).
For the seedlings required for afforestation and greening, try to use good varieties and strong seedlings. The main afforestation tree species should use Class I and Class II seedlings that are fully lignified, non-damaged, and free of diseases and insect pests; urban and village landscape afforestation should be based on Arbor tree seedlings should be mainly used, and shrub seedlings should be supplemented. Arbor tree seedlings should have straight trunks, beautiful tree shapes, no pests and diseases, and a trunk diameter of more than 3-5 centimeters. Flowering and shrub seedlings should have a beautiful crown shape, no pests and diseases, and a crown diameter of above 50 cm.
2. Seedling demand. According to the project construction tasks, a total of 2.3 million kilograms of high-quality forest seeds, 300 million high-quality seed strips (tassels), and 1.8 million qualified seedlings need to be cultivated in five years.