Mount Taishan, known as Dongyue in ancient times, is also known as Daishan, Daiyue, Daizong and Taiyue. It is the first of the five mountains. Located in the central part of Shandong Province, stretching between Tai'an, Jinan and Zibo cities, it is about 200 kilometers long from east to west and about 50 kilometers wide from north to south. The main peak, Yuhuangding, is located in the north of Tai'an City, with an east longitude of 117°6', a north latitude of 36°16', and an altitude of 1,545 meters. It looks to the east of the Yellow Sea, to the west of the Yellow River, to the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, and to the back of Jinan, the spring city. It stands majestically in the east of China with the power of reaching the sky. It is famous in ancient and modern times as the only five mountains. It can be regarded as the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation. The epitome of history and culture. In 1982, it was listed as one of the first batch of national key scenic spots by the State Council; in 1987, it was listed as a world heritage by UNESCO. It is a world-famous mountain that integrates natural and cultural heritage.
The formation of Mount Tai has gone through the evolution of various geological eras from the Archaean to the Cenozoic. The Yanshan Movement laid its foundation, and the Himalayan Movement created its majesty. The Taishan Formation has a double-layered structure of basement and caprock typical of the North China Platform. The geological structure is dominated by faults and is controlled by the uplift of tilted fault blocks. Faulting activity has caused it to rise, forming a strong contrast with the vast North China Plain. The southern part of Mount Taishan is affected by faults and has a large rise. During the process of rising and weathering, its base layer has different peaks and steep peaks, exposing a large area of ??basement complex. The north has a small rise, with low ridges and gentle slopes, wide valleys and shallow gullies, preserving typical Paleozoic cover.
The landforms of Mount Tai are divided into four major types: alluvial platform, denudation and accumulation hills, tectonic denudation low mountains, and erosional structure mid-low mountains. In terms of spatial image, it goes from low to high, resulting in layers of mountains and towering mountains. The towering momentum forms a landscape composed of a variety of terrain groups.
The Taishan Complex has a history of 2.5 billion years and is one of the oldest rocks in the world. It has important scientific value for studying the Proterozoic geological structure, magmatic activity and plate tectonics in eastern China. The limestone and sandy shale in Zhangxia, Gushan and Chaomidian areas at the northwest foot of Mount Tai are typical. They are the standard section of Cambrian strata in the north and are the naming places or origins of type specimens for many species of paleontology. In the 1980s, the discovery of cylindrical joints in diabase porphyry veins in Zhongxi, Piedmont, attracted the attention of the international geological community.
In the southern part of Mount Tai, fissure springs are widely distributed in the Archaean rock formations. From the top of Dai to the foothills, springs and streams compete for flow, and the mountains are high and the water is long. The spring water is sweet, colorless and transparent, containing various trace elements needed by the human body. It is high-quality mineral water and was called "Taishan Divine Water" in ancient times. In the northern part of Mount Tai, the middle and upper Cambrian and Ordovician carboniferous rock formations tilt to the north, and groundwater emerges as springs where the terrain is cut. From Jinxiuchuan to the north, springs are dotted here and there. In the edge of the northern foothills, karst water underflows to the north and is intercepted by the gabbro in the stratigraphic area.
The Taishan area has a temperate monsoon climate with obvious vertical changes: the average annual temperature at the top of the mountain is 5.3°C, which is 7.5°C lower than Taicheng at the foot of the mountain; the average annual rainfall is 1124.6 Millimeters are equivalent to 1.5 times those at the foot of the mountain; the four seasons are distinct under the mountain, while spring and autumn are connected on the mountain. Mount Tai has a long winter, with a freezing period of 150 days. The lowest temperature at the top is -27.5°C, creating a spectacle of rime and rain. In summer and autumn, the clouds and rain change, the peaks are like black clouds, the forests are thick and the springs are flying, and the weather is endless.
Mountain Tai has dense vegetation with a wide variety of vegetation, with a coverage rate of 90% and a vertical distribution. Climbing up the steps from the foothills, you can see deciduous forest, broad-leaved coniferous mixed forest, coniferous forest, and alpine shrubs and grasses in sequence. The forest belts have clear boundaries and different plant landscapes.
The Taishan area is rich in resources, including coal, iron, rock salt, gypsum, sulfur, serpentine, jasper and other mineral deposits. Taishan chestnut, walnut, peach, Cyperus rotundus, carrageenan, Taishan Ganoderma lucidum, white Local specialties such as Shouwu and Taishan red-scale fish are famous both at home and abroad. Taishan granite has a compact structure, fine texture and colorful colors. The processed red, black, green, flower, wave stone and other slabs have become high-end building decoration materials that sell well at home and abroad.
Mount Tai has a long history and splendid culture. In ancient times, the ancestors living in the Taishan area created the Beixin Culture, Dawenkou Culture, and Longshan Culture, and gradually formed the Taishan Cultural Area. The Qilu culture in the north and south of Mount Tai influenced the entire feudal society of China. Emperor Qin, Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Zong of Tang, and Emperor Song of all dynasties ascended the throne to offer sacrifices, further enhancing the historical status of Mount Tai.
With the rise of Zen worship, Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism continued to develop and integrate in Mount Tai. Cui Wenzi, a disciple of Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, once worked in Mount Tai.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism was introduced to Mount Tai, and Langgong, a monk from Zhu, founded Langgong Temple in Daiyin; monks from the Northern Wei Dynasty founded Gushan Yuquan Temple and Guanghua Temple in Mount Tai and Culai Mountain. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taishan Taoism and Buddhism entered their heyday, and the temples were famous throughout Qilu. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Japanese monk Shao Yuan and Korean monk Mankong sailed to China successively and served as abbots of Lingyan Temple and Puzhao Temple respectively. The local gods of Taishan mainly include Taishan God, Bixia Yuanjun, Qingdi, etc. After the Song Dynasty, due to the evolution of the Zen system, Taishan God was gradually replaced by Bixia Yuanjun. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yuanjun temples spread throughout China.
The God of Mount Tai? not only affects China, but also affects foreign countries. During Japan's Heian period (794-1192), the worship of Mount Tai was introduced to Japan and has been worshiped by the Japanese people for a long time.
Mount Tai has been admired by cultural celebrities of all dynasties, who either paid incense to the mountain, visited scenic spots, studied in seclusion, or taught scriptures, leaving behind numerous ruins and rich poems and calligraphy. Confucius' "Song of Hills", Cao Zhi's "Flying Dragon Chapter", Li Bai's "Six Poems on Climbing Dai", Du Fu's "Wang Yue", Su Che's "Lingyan Temple", Yao Nai's "Climbing Mount Tai", Liu Haisu's "Mount Tai Han Cypress Picture" They are all immortal masterpieces. A large number of Taishan's writings have enriched the treasure house of Chinese culture.
Taishan is also one of the bases in history for people to resist oppression, tyranny, and aggression. The Red Eyebrow Army of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Ju of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Bo of the Sui Dynasty, Huang Chao of the Tang Dynasty, Geng Jing and Xin Qiji of the Jin Dynasty, the Red Turban Army of the Yuan Dynasty, the Dashun Army of the Ming Dynasty, and the Nian Army of the Qing Dynasty all fought in the north and south of Mount Tai. During the Northern Expedition, the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation, the revolutionary struggle in the Taishan area was in full swing, leaving traces of heroes and touching deeds everywhere.
Taishan Mountain’s scenic spots are centered on the main peak and distributed in a radial pattern. After thousands of years of protection and construction, it has become a representative of China’s mountain scenery: the natural landscape and the cultural landscape are integrated. Mount Tai rises from the Qilu Hills. The main peak is abrupt, steep, and stacked with peaks, forming a high and vast atmosphere of "seeing all the small mountains at a glance" and "the peaks arching over the Dai". There are many pines and cypresses in Mount Tai, which makes it even more solemn, majestic and lush; there are also many streams and springs, so it is full of elegance and lingering beauty. The misty and changing clouds and mist add a bit of mystery and profundity to it. It has beautiful foothills, quiet secluded areas, open areas, illusory wonderful areas, and profound mysterious areas; it also has ten natural wonders such as the rising sun, the jade plate of the sea of ??clouds, the sunset, and the golden belt of the Yellow River. As well as ten natural landscapes such as Shiwu Pine Waves, Duisong Jueqi, Taoyuan Jingshe, Lingyan Scenic Spot, etc., they are like a natural landscape painting.
The cultural landscape of Mount Tai is dominated by ancient buildings and inscriptions. Taishan's ancient buildings adapt to local conditions, cleverly use the natural terrain to strengthen and beautify the natural landscape, and take advantage of the steep southern slope of the mountain to create an artistic conception of climbing Mount Tai as if you were climbing to the sky. There are both portal buildings built across the road and guiding buildings at the turning points of the mountain. There are both scenic buildings built near the stream and decorative buildings hanging halfway up the mountain. In addition, there are magnificent buildings towering on Dailu and Daiding. The sacrificial building complex, connected by a long mountaineering winding road, forms an extremely spectacular Fengzen sacrificial sequence landscape, which complements the peaks and trees, and has become an architectural model of China's mountain cultural landscape. Mount Tai has a long history, large scale and large number of inscriptions, making it the most famous mountain. There are more than 2,500 steles carved in stone today. The famous ones include "Taishan Stone Carvings" of Qin Dynasty, "Hengfang Stele" of Han Dynasty, "Zhang Qian Stele", "Mrs. Sun Stele" of Jin Dynasty, "Jingshiyu Diamond Sutra" of Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Tang " "Ji Taishan Inscription", "Qingdi Stele" of Song Dynasty, "Tianmen Inscription" of Yuan Dynasty, "Hongwu Stele" of Ming Dynasty, "Moya Stele" of Qing Dynasty, etc. There are both poems and essays by Song Dai, as well as descriptions of events and scenes; there are both long-form works and one-word surprises; there are both dragon-flying and phoenix-like calligraphy and ancient and clumsy official seal scripts. It can be called a treasure trove of Chinese calligraphy art.
Today's Mount Tai stands tall in the east of the world with its majestic, majestic appearance, long history, and profound cultural connotation, displaying the style of an ancient civilized country.