Tusi system is the organizational form and system of local political power established by Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in minority areas. Tusi, also known as Tuguan, is a local official appointed and enfeoffed by the ancient central dynasty in China. Its important characteristics are "official, local people and local people", that is, hereditary political sovereignty, hereditary ownership of the land under its jurisdiction and hereditary sovereignty over farmers attached to the land.
The chieftain system has a long history. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the feudal dynasties had adopted the method of "governing the local people with local officials". In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Jimi Prefecture was set up in the southwest, south China and other ethnic minority areas, and local indigenous leaders were appointed as hereditary assassins and zhizhou.
After the Yuan Dynasty, the leaders of all ethnic groups were conferred with official positions such as publicizing and comforting envoys, proclaiming and comforting history, appeasing history, soliciting history, thousands of households, and hundreds of households, and a certain system was formed for the rank, inheritance, tribute and levy of local officials. In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain system reached its peak, and then gradually declined. By the Qing Dynasty, it was no longer dominant.
Until the early 1950s, there were very few remnants of toast in Yunnan, Sichuan and other ethnic areas. The land reform was completely abolished after liberation.