Coronation has two varieties of north and south. Southern regions planted large-leafed Chrysanthemum coronarium, heat-resistant and not cold-resistant; and northern planted Chrysanthemum coronarium for small-leafed Chrysanthemum coronarium, cold-resistant ability, heat-resistant ability is poor. Different varieties, different regions, planting stubble and management methods are different. As a northerner, I'll talk about the small-leaf corns in the north, how to plant how to manage.

I, small-leafed Chrysanthemum habitat.

1, small-leafed Chrysanthemum coronarium, also known as fine-leafed Chrysanthemum coronarium and leafy Chrysanthemum coronarium, belongs to the half-hardy vegetables, like cool and warm climate, afraid of heat, seeds can germinate at a temperature of 10 ℃, suitable for growth temperature in 17 ~ 20 ℃, the plant can tolerate a short period of time 10 ℃ or so of the temperature, the temperature of the growth period more than 29 ℃ growth is obviously poor development, the leaf is small and less, the texture of the coarse and old, the quality is poor.

2, leafy coronarium is not strict on light requirements, more tolerant of low light. In the summer high temperature and long sunshine conditions, its plant growth is very poor, can not grow how much will draw shoots and flowers. However, Chrysanthemum belongs to the long sunshine plant, cultivated in the solarium, or spring cultivation, rarely occurs shooting and flowering phenomenon.

3, planted leafy Chrysanthemum people know, Chrysanthemum's root system is weak, relatively short, belongs to the shallow root vegetables, rapid growth, intolerant of drought, need sufficient water supply. Therefore, when planting Chrysanthemum coronarium, the soil must often remain moist, humidity to about 75% is appropriate, air humidity to 90% is appropriate, such water humidity, can ensure the production of Chrysanthemum coronarium texture tender.

4, Chrysanthemum coronarium for soil requirements soil fertile, pH 5.5 ~ 6.8 between appropriate. Because of its growth period is relatively short, the main production of stems and leaves, so the soil nutrient requirements, to fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer.

We roughly understand the habitat of Chrysanthemum will understand that Chrysanthemum planting, with the current planting pattern, can be planted all year round. Spring can use the protected area in advance of January sowing cultivation, can also be open air sowing cultivation in March, summer can be cultivated in the alpine alpine area, autumn 8 ~ October can be sown, winter can use energy efficient solar greenhouse or plastic greenhouse cultivation. So Chrysanthemum sowing period is not too strict, as long as according to its habitat, the conditions are suitable under what time, can be planted, just according to its different planting conditions, the later management to be treated differently. Now close to the Spring Festival, I will say that the northern region in October plastic greenhouse sowing, the end of the year to spring in March for the harvest period of winter planting Chrysanthemum, how to cultivate and manage? Can be in the off-season market of vegetables, make a good profit.

Second, the plastic greenhouse extended fall sowing points.

1, selecting seeds: we have to choose the cold-hardy strong high-quality varieties of Chrysanthemum coronarium, fast-growing, early maturity. Sowing period is generally one month later than the fall open air sowing of corns, usually the end of October plastic greenhouse sowing.

2, land preparation: clear all the ground residual plants in the shed, we uncover the plastic film covering the greenhouse, deep plowing 20㎝, about 4 days in the sun, about 2,800 kg of well rotted organic fertilizer per acre, shallow plowing and fine harrowing to make flat beds later. 20 days before sowing, give the soil evenly sprayed 40% formalin 100 times liquid, per square meter with liquid 3L or so, cover the film for 5 days to smother the soil disinfection, remove the film and turn the soil again, spread the gas 10 days later can be sown, which can play a role in preventing Chrysanthemum sudden collapse disease purpose.

3: sowing: first let the seeds with 30 ℃ of warm water soaked 24 hours, fishing out with water rinsing screening out debris and floating deflated seeds. Then, the seeds are placed at a temperature of about 18℃ to germinate, and are washed with water once a day, and can be sown when about 65% of the seeds are white. According to the row spacing of about 16㎝, open the sowing furrow of about 6.5㎝ in width and 1.8㎝ in depth, and after the seeds are evenly sown in strips, cover the soil and water sufficiently.

Three, field management:

1, extended fall greenhouse cultivation, coronation fertility in winter, the main prevention and control of frost damage. When the temperature drops to below 12 ℃, we have to buckle the greenhouse insulation. Before fastening the film, when sowing a week later, Chrysanthemum seedlings come out, two true leaves between the seedlings, three true leaves again between the seedlings, remove the weak and stay strong. Seedling spacing 4㎝, at the same time combined with pulling weeds, every mu combined with watering fertilizer urea 10 kg.

2, the daytime temperature of the shed room is more than 25℃, we should ventilate in time, and the nighttime temperature is lower than 8℃, we need to cover the heat preservation equipment such as grass curtain, so that the temperature of the seedling period can be kept at about 12℃. After 40 days of sowing, the seedling growth speeds up, the height of seedling is more than 10cm, choose sunny day in the morning and fertilize with watering, 10㎏ of urea per mu. After watering and fertilizing, pay attention to ventilate and remove moisture in the shed to prevent and control diseases.

Fourth, harvesting fertilizer.

Often in December, the coronarium seedling grows to more than 15㎝, can start harvesting. Each harvest, combined with watering fertilizer once, to promote the growth of lateral branches. Use about 10㎏ of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or 15㎏ of ammonium sulfate per mu each time, and apply thin fertilizer diligently. When watering, pay attention to the amount of water retained in the bed, to wet without water damage is appropriate.

V. Pest control.

1, Chrysanthemum disease control measures.

①, Chrysanthemum sudden collapse disease. Sudden collapse disease is a disease of Chrysanthemum coronarium caused by rot fungus infestation, and planting soil has a very big relationship. Mainly jeopardize the seedlings of Chrysanthemum coronarium, the germs usually start from the base of Chrysanthemum coronarium infestation of seedlings. At the beginning of the onset of the seedlings lesion site is watery, and then become yellow-brown, high temperature and humidity, the affected parts of the white cotton wool mold appeared, causing seedlings sudden collapse.

Agricultural preventive measures: the main preventive measures of this disease is ventilation and drainage, increase the light time of corns, greenhouse planting needs us to use formalin in advance to soil disinfection. If seedling sowing, need to use 50% carbendazim wettable powder and nutrient soil 1:1.3 amount of mixing into disinfection soil, seedbed covered with medicine above and below the soil, play to exterminate the seedbed with the hidden danger of germs.

Pharmaceutical control measures: found coronarium disease, can choose 70% diclofenac manganese zinc 600 times liquid, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid, or 25% Ruifengmu 900 times liquid. Alternate use of agents is effective, every 6 days or so with a drug, continuous use of 3, 4 times.

②, Chrysanthemum mold frost disease: this disease is a fungal disease, to spores or mycelium in the disease residue, or shed facilities, seeds and other top overwintering. Spring this fungus will spread with the help of wind and rain or field operation, rainy and foggy humid weather, easy to attack. This fungus is mainly harmful to the leaf tissue of Chrysanthemum coronarium, the disease usually from the plant's outer leaves or lower leaves began to infest, gradually spread upward seizures, at first Chrysanthemum coronarium leaves a little yellow, the edge of the less obvious class of round spots, and slowly these spots to expand the leaf color faded green, and gradually dry up, the back of the leaf blade to grow a white mold layer.

Agricultural preventive measures: crop rotation with other family vegetables for more than 2 years is one of the effective ways to prevent this fungal disease. During the sowing management period, we should strengthen the permeability of the field, scientific small watering, reduce field humidity. Disease plants are found to be pulled out in a timely manner, the infected soil, disinfected with quicklime, and the disease residue is taken out of the field and properly disposed of.

Pharmaceutical control measures: early onset of the disease control in a timely manner with the use of drugs, you can use 64% kill alum wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 72% Prick water 600 times liquid, or 27% Kelu wettable powder 700 times liquid spraying control. Use the medicine every 6 days or so, and use the medicine 2 or 3 times in a row.

③, Chrysanthemum anthracnose: the pathogen mainly harms the leaves and stems of Chrysanthemum, initially the leaves are infested parts of the yellowish-white spots, and gradually into a rounded or orbicular, transformed into brown. Stems are infested, there will be depression, longitudinal cracks, appear long strip or oval spots. Under high humidity, the lesions usually secrete a pinkish-red substance.

Agricultural preventive measures: crop rotation with non-Asteraceae plants for more than 2 years, use disease-free good seeds for sowing, use well rotted organic fertilizer, and more potash fertilizer to increase the plant's resilience. Regulate the field planting density, improve field permeability, small watering and diligent watering, strengthen the ventilation of the planting environment, reduce field humidity.

Pharmaceutical control measures: the early stage of the onset of the disease, the immediate use of drugs to prevent and control. You can use: 50% ashwagandha wettable powder 700 times liquid, or 80% anthrax Fomei wettable powder 700 times liquid, or 40% Duo Fengnong wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 50% Tobutzin wettable powder 500 times liquid and other agents. Intervals of a week with the drug once, continuous use of 3, 4 times.

From these several diseases of Chrysanthemum can be clearly seen, Chrysanthemum planting to prevent disease, there are three main points: one is the use of seeds without germs, the second is the use of crop rotation to reduce soil-borne diseases, the third is the proper management of the field, to maintain good permeability, humidity is not easy to be too large. Grasp these three aspects, can be agricultural defense to reduce, or even avoid the problem of coronarium disease.

2, coriandrum common pest problems.

①, Chrysanthemum coriander green worm. This insect usually spawns with the back of the coriander leaves, larvae hatch out to gnaw coriander leaf tissue, residual epidermis. 3 ages after the harmfulness is greater, can be coriander leaves eat only residual leaf veins.

Prevention measures: can be used to prevent the insect net cover. When the damage is serious, you can use agents to control: 2.5% Kung Fu emulsion 1500 times, or 2.5% Dichlorvos 2000 times, or Bt reagent spray control, every 8 days or so.

②, Chrysanthemum aphid. Worms or adults, gathered in groups on the back of the young stems or leaves of Chrysanthemum coronarium, sucking the sap of the plant. This insect has the ability to spread virus disease, the crop is very harmful. When Chrysanthemum coronarium is damaged by this insect, the leaves turn yellow and curl, and the plant grows poorly and is short and other problems.

Control measures: clean up weeds in the field, with silver gray insect net or cover can play the effect of aphid avoidance. Pharmaceutical control can choose: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid, or 50% anti-aphid 4000 times liquid spray control. The interval of about 8 days with a drug, continuous use of drugs 3, 4 times.

3, coriander moth. Small cabbage moth larvae will spit silk netting, gradually let the leaf tissue hardening, adult insects from the back of the coriander leaf nibble leaf flesh, will remain epidermis, into transparent spots, sometimes only residual leaf veins.

Agricultural preventive measures: if the whole process with the insect net cover protection cultivation, can reduce the use of pharmaceutical control. You can also use frequency vibration insecticide, lamp or black light to trap adult insects. In the high incidence of adult insects, you can also buy adult use of sexual lure, according to the instructions can be used.

Pharmaceutical control: you can use 50% Baolu wettable powder 1500 times liquid, or 5% Ruijinte 3000 times liquid and other agents spray control. The interval of about 8 days with a drug.

Coronation pest control, we growers should start from the agricultural prevention and control, reasonable watering and fertilization, control the space humidity and temperature, careful cultivation, planting of coronation is not easy to occur pests and diseases. During the picking and harvesting period, we should pay attention to the fact that we should stop using medicine for more than 10 days to ensure the safety of the harvested corns for consumption. According to the habitat needs of Chrysanthemum coronarium, the field of intensive cultivation, according to the planting environment to control pests and diseases, when to plant, can get good planting benefits.