second, pay attention to control the water temperature. The water temperature for storing Monopterus albus should be controlled at 18℃ ~ 28℃. The difference between the temperature of fresh water injected each time and the water temperature of eel pond should not exceed 3℃.
third, keep proper density. The density of Monopterus albus should be flexibly determined according to the number of Monopterus albus, individual size and the length of pre-storage, and should not be too large.
fourth, change the water in time to cool down. Because there is a lot of mucus on the body surface of Monopterus albus, if the storage density is high and the water is not changed in time, the mucus will accumulate more and more. When these mucilages decompose naturally, they consume a lot of dissolved oxygen in the water and generate heat, which makes the water temperature rise obviously and leads to the death of Monopterus albus.
5. Feed a proper amount of palatable feed. After Monopterus albus is put into the storage pond, if the feed is not palatable, Monopterus albus will not eat for a long time, which will easily lead to mouth disease, which will lead to its weakness and emaciation, and finally die. If the feed is palatable, but the feeding amount is too much, it will make Monopterus albus overeat and die of bloating. Therefore, the feed for storing Monopterus albus should be palatable and appropriate.
Monopterus albus is suitable for developing courtyard economy and making a fortune in rural areas. However, there are also many problems in aquaculture, which have caused many breeders, especially the first breeders, to suffer losses to varying degrees. Below, the author briefly talks about the problems that should be paid attention to when raising Monopterus albus for the first time. Those who raise Monopterus albus for the first time should put a good "six customs".
1. Building a pond
Monopterus albus is naturally warm, sheltered from the wind, afraid of light, fear of shock and high temperature, so it is required to build a pond facing the sun, avoid the north wind and have convenient water sources, and there should be space around the pond for planting evergreen trees and vines. Scientifically built eel ponds are the basis of eel breeding. Generally, cement and brick structures are selected to build semi-underground ponds, the appropriate size is 6 ~ 2m2, and the bottom is paved with concrete, and the depth of the ponds is about 1 ~ 1.5m.. In order to prevent Monopterus albus from escaping, the corners of the pond are generally circular, and the eaves of the pond protrude inward. There are inlet and outlet and overflow port. The inlet port is generally 3 ~ 4 cm higher than the water surface. The outlet port is installed below the mud layer line to discharge all the pool water. The overflow port is generally located 2cm higher than the mud surface. Drain and overflow should be located on the opposite side of the water inlet, and all the water inlets should be equipped with metal nets to prevent escape. After the above work is done, dealkalization measures should also be taken in the cement pond to avoid the decrease of dissolved oxygen in the water body and the increase of pH value, which will harm the cultured Monopterus albus. The method is to dissolve 1kg of superphosphate fertilizer or 2g of acidic sodium phosphate in each cubic meter of water body, soak it for 2 days, then rinse it with clear water, and then start the next work.
second, the bottom quality pass
The first breeders often directly take black mud as the bottom, which is not enough, because it is not conducive to the habit of burrowing and raising the incidence of Monopterus albus. The correct way is to divide the concrete into three layers. The bottom layer is paved with waste plant straws. Generally, coarse fiber plant wastes with toughness, good air permeability and strong corrosion resistance are selected, and the size is required to match, and the weight ratio can be 5: 3: 2 for coarse stalks, medium stalks and broken materials. For example, first spread 1-2 layers of corn stalks, then spread 2cm thick rape stalks (or bean stalks), then spread 3-5 layers of crisscross corn stalks or sorghum stalks on them, and finally sprinkle a layer of chaff and a layer of quicklime (about .5kg)； for 1m2); The middle layer is a hard clay layer for Monopterus albus to burrow, with a general thickness of about 3 ~ 4 cm; The top layer can be covered with silt with a thickness of about 15cm, and a thin layer of quicklime is sprinkled at the same time, and finally the bottom material is disinfected by water injection.
Third, environmental protection
Because eel likes the hole with half water and half air, there should be water and land in the eel pond. This problem is usually solved by setting mud ridges. The mud ridge is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, with a bottom width of 4cm and a height of about 4cm. The adjacent mud ridges are connected with each other, and the width and depth of the ditch surface are about 3cm. Pay attention to scrape off the soft mud at the bottom when stacking the mud ridges. Then some aquatic plants, such as cash crops such as rice and water chestnut, can be planted on the mud ridge, and it is better to plant them with suitable Chinese herbal medicines. In addition, in order to keep out the sun, 2 ~ 3 grapes can be planted on the top vegetation of the pond according to the size of the eel pond, and the vine layout should be dense in the west and slightly sparse in the east. Other vines such as loofah and gourd can also be planted to control the light, especially to block the western sun in summer. In this way, a relatively suitable and stable small ecological environment has been created for the life of Monopterus albus.
IV. Seedling breeding pass
At present, there are mainly the following sources of seedlings: first, they are directly caught from the wild, and they can be caught in rice fields and shallow ditches from April to October every year by using eel cages or lighting at night. After being caught, the sick and injured Monopterus albus will be picked up and then released, which is especially suitable for new breeders. The second is to buy from the market. When buying from the market, you should choose the one with strong physique and no disease or injury; Those with pale, dull and thin body color cannot be used as eel species. In addition, the growth rate and weight gain of Monopterus albus with orange-yellow body color are higher than those with cyan-gray body color, especially those with large yellow spots should be preferred. At the same time, it should be noted that the specifications of the fry should be basically the same, preferably 2 ~ 5 per kilogram. The specifications are too small and the survival rate is low, so it can't be listed in that year. The specification is too large, the meat gain multiple is low, and the net output per unit is not high. 7 ~ 1 days before the eel seeds are put into use, the pond is cleaned with .2kg quicklime per square meter of pond. The stocking density depends on the situation: 3 ~ 6 kg can be stocked per square meter with sufficient water and small eel species specifications; 2.5 ~ 5 kg can be stocked per square meter with inconvenient water source and large eel species specifications, and loach, which accounts for 1% of the total weight of eel, can also be mixed.
V. Taming and Feeding Pass
Generally, eel species caught from the natural environment refuse to eat artificially fed feed, so they have to go through a period of taming and feeding, otherwise the breeding will fail. The method of taming and feeding is: Monopterus albus will not be fed for 3-4 days, and then it will start feeding at night after the Monopterus albus moves normally. The feeding-inducing feed is earthworm, mussel, etc., which is the favorite of Monopterus albus, and the dosage can be 1% of the total weight of Monopterus albus. The feeding amount should be appropriately adjusted according to the feeding situation the next day, and the feeding time should be slightly advanced. Because Monopterus albus has a strong selectivity to feed, other feeds with wide local sources, low price, good palatability and high meat gain rate, and even artificial compound feed must be gradually mixed into the feeding feed after the feeding is successful. It must be noted that animal raw materials are best cooked (except live bait). The feeding place is finally located on a slightly flattened table at one end of the mud ridge, and the best feeding time is in the evening when the eel can see clearly. Generally, after a week or so, the training and feeding work will be basically completed.
VI. Water quality control
The water quality is good, and the water should be changed frequently. In general, the water should be changed once every 3-5 days in spring and autumn, and once every 1-2 days in summer, and only 1/4-1/2 can be changed each time, and the inlet water temperature should be as consistent as possible with the pool water temperature, and the temperature difference should not exceed 3℃. It is better to change the water at noon, and it is best to change it when there is sunshine. Pay attention to cleaning the food table and polluted places when changing water. It's better to keep running water if conditions permit. The performance of good water quality is that Monopterus albus will make a "squeak" sound when eating. The water level in the pool should be properly adjusted according to the water temperature, season and weather conditions, and should generally be controlled within the range of 6 ~ 25 cm. The principle is that it should be shallow at low temperature and appropriately deepened at high temperature.
The market price of Monopterus albus around the Spring Festival every year is more than twice that of April-September, and it sells well with less goods. Therefore, collecting wild Monopterus albus on a large scale in autumn for a short period of time and selling it before and after the Spring Festival can get rich profits. The project has the advantages of less investment in fixed assets, simple operation and fast capital turnover, which is a good way for farmers to increase their income and get rich quickly. The local practices are briefly introduced as follows:
1. Choose good waters to set up cages. The best water area for setting cages is ponds, followed by lakes, rivers and reservoirs with stable water levels, but no matter what kind of water body, it should have sufficient water, good water quality, no pollution and good illumination. The cage is made of polyethylene mesh, each with an area of 1-2 square meters and a depth of 1-1.2 meters. Cages in waters are fixed with wooden stakes or floated with oil drums. Before stocking Monopterus albus, a large number of Alternanthera philoxeroides or oil weeds were cultivated in the cage, and the whole cage was filled with them for Monopterus albus to inhabit.
2. Fully grasp the quality of the boxed Monopterus albus. The stocking time is generally completed before September of each year when the number of Monopterus albus is large and the purchase price is low. The purpose of temporary rearing is to maintain weight and obtain seasonal price difference, regardless of growth and weight gain. Therefore, the adopted varieties do not need to be pursued deliberately, but just like the conventional raising of eel seedlings, the quality must be strictly controlled, and it is required to choose and buy cages to catch individuals without disease or injury for temporary breeding to ensure the survival rate. It should be noted that the high temperature in autumn can easily lead to fever of Monopterus albus and cause a large number of deaths. Monopterus albus in the eel catcher's house should be changed more than twice a day and placed in the shade when it is temporarily raised. In winter, we should buy the eel that has been temporarily reared in the eel catcher's house for no more than 2 days. The eel should be collected in the morning when the relative temperature is low, and the transportation time should be as short as possible. The weight of water and eel in the transportation bucket should be half. The recovered Monopterus albus was put into the box in time.
3, correct stocking. The collected Monopterus albus should be put into different cages in at least three grades. Disinfect with 3%-5% salt solution for 5-1 minutes before entering the box. The stocking density is generally 2.5-5 kg per square meter of cage, and the stocking weight is large, while the stocking weight is small.
4. temporary care management. (1) Feeding: Monopterus albus will be fed with fresh fish minced by a meat grinder after 3 days in the box, once a day in the evening, and the bait will be fed on aquatic plants, with 3-4 feeding points in each box, and the number will be determined by eating up each time. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, you can basically stop eating after the end of October (the water temperature is below 15℃). (2) Anti-freezing: As the temperature gradually decreases, it is necessary to deepen the depth of the pool water in advance and keep the aquatic plants with abundant cages. If the aquatic plants have diseases and pests, they should be treated with pesticides in time. ③ Anti-interference: Monopterus albus has extremely poor mobility at low temperature in winter, so we should resolutely put an end to turning over aquatic plants and stirring pool water, otherwise it will make Monopterus albus fall into the bottom of the box and unable to swim back to the aquatic plants to inhabit, resulting in the death of Monopterus albus due to lack of oxygen.
5. Seize the opportunity and sell at the right time. In winter, we should keep abreast of the prices of major markets in the country and the inventory in the main breeding areas, so as to predict the changing trend of market prices, seize the opportunity to sell at the right time and get the best income.