/kloc-Before the 6th century, cocoa was not known to people living outside the Amazon Plain, nor was it the raw material of cocoa drinks at that time.
Because the seeds are rare and precious, the local people use cocoa seeds (cocoa beans) as currency, which is called "cocoa wins popularity".
/kloc-In the first half of the 6th century, cocoa was introduced into Mexico through the isthmus of China and the United States, and then into the territory of the Inca Empire in present-day southern Brazil, which was quickly loved by local people.
They collect wild cocoa, mash the seeds and process them into a drink called "Jokotori" (meaning "bitter water").
/kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, Europeans came to America, discovered cocoa and realized that it was a valuable cash crop. They developed cocoa drinks and chocolates on the basis of "Choktori".
/kloc-at the end of 0/6, the first chocolate factory in the world was established in Spain at that time, but at first some nobles were unwilling to accept the food and drinks that could be made. Even in the18th century, a British nobleman regarded cocoa as a "hooligan from South America".
Cocoa was named very late, and it was not until18th century that the Swedish erudite Linnaeus named it. The specific title is "Cocoa Tree".
Later, because chocolate and cocoa powder became the most important energy supplements and played a huge role in the field of sports, people called the cocoa tree "God Grain Tree" and the cocoa drink "God Drink".
major constituent
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Cocoa beans (raw beans) contain 5.58% water, 50.29% fat, nitrogen 14. 19%, theobromine10.55%, other non-nitrogen substances 13.9 1%, and starch 8.
Cocoa beans also contain nerve center stimulants such as caffeine and tannin, which are closely related to the color, aroma and taste of chocolate.
Among them, theobromine and caffeine can affect the cerebral cortex, eliminate drowsiness, enhance touch and thinking, regulate heart function, and have the effects of dilating renal blood vessels and diuresis.
Features and characteristics
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Evergreen trees with lush crowns; The bark is thick and dark gray-brown; Shoots brown, pubescent; Leaves with short stalks, elliptic to obovate, stipules linear, caducous.
Cymes with pale yellow petals; Ovary obovate, slightly angled.
The fruit is oval or oblong, dark yellow or reddish when ripe, brown after drying, with thick skin and fleshy, oval seeds and slightly squashed.
It is gratifying that the warm and humid climate and gentle slopes rich in organic matter are not suitable for planting in places with poor drainage, heavy clay or frequent strong winds.
Multi-purpose seed reproduction, but also useful bud grafting; Fruiting began in 4 ~ 5 years after planting, the yield increased greatly after 10 years, and decreased gradually after 40 ~ 50 years.
It is said that the origin of coffee can be traced back to millions of years ago. In fact, the true age of its discovery has not been tested. Only that coffee belongs to a shepherd named Caldi in the Ethiopian highlands. When he found that his sheep had accidentally eaten the fruit of a plant, he became very lively and energetic. He found coffee.
All historians seem to agree that coffee originated in Kaffa, Ethiopia.
However, it was * * * people who first planned to grow and eat coffee, and the name of coffee is thought to come from the * * * language "qahwah", which means plant drink.
The earliest way for people to eat coffee was to chew the whole fruit to absorb its juice.
Later, they mixed ground coffee beans with animal fat as a body supplement for long-distance travel. It was not until around 1 000 that green coffee beans were boiled in boiling water and became an aromatic drink.
Three centuries later, people began to roast and grind coffee beans. Because drinking is forbidden in the Koran, people consume a lot of coffee, so religion is actually a major factor to promote the widespread popularity of coffee in the world.
/kloc-In the 6th century, coffee was gradually introduced to Europe through Venice and Marseille in the name of "* * * wine".
The custom of drinking coffee in Europe gradually spread to all parts of the world from the merchants in Venice, Italy in the17th century, and the first coffee shop in Europe, Botte Gadel Caffe, appeared in Venice.
In the past 400 years, the drinking habit of coffee not only spread from the west to the east, but even became an irresistible fashion trend.
Coffee for drinking is said to have started at the beginning of 1 1 century, and this record can be found in the ancient literature of * * * *.
Prior to this, raw coffee beans were dried and boiled in the * * * area and used as stomach medicine. But later, I learned that coffee also has a refreshing effect. In addition, Christians are forbidden to drink alcohol by strict precepts, so Christians use roasted and boiled coffee juice as an exciting drink instead of alcohol. It is said that the local people know how to bake raw beans for use, which was after the thirteenth century.
In the12nd and 3rd centuries, many people planted coffee. /kloc-in the 6th century, the first coffee shop in the world was born in Damascus in the Middle East (1530).
In just a few years, from the ancient Constantinople to the Caucasus, from the Persian Gulf to Budapest, more than 200 cities in the whole empire have different numbers of coffee shops, and the roads connecting these cities through the desert wilderness are also covered with movable coffee tents to serve the endless stream of business travelers and troops.
In the same century, coffee also spread to Europe. At that time, coffee was brought to western countries with the Turks' westward expedition to Austria. I didn't expect to capture the hearts of Europeans soon.
According to records, a package of samples sent from Venice to Holland in 1596 is the earliest coffee bean seen by Europeans north of the Alps.
Legend has it that coffee was very rare in western Europe at that time. At first, there was a joke that German housewives cooked coffee with chicken soup.
According to scholars' speculation, in the prosperous import and export trade of seasoning materials at the end of16th century, many coffee beans from the East began to enter Europe in Venice, where the economy and trade were developed.
However, the first coffee shop in Europe was not opened in Vienna, Austria by a Polish until 1683.
Headed by Johannes Diodato, an outstanding Armenian businessman, businessmen who are familiar with the languages of Eastern Europe and Turkey not only acted as translators and guides for Austria in wartime, but also engaged in the coffee trade with amazing profits on both sides of the fire line. While meeting the needs of their own cafes, it also solved the urgent need of raw materials shortage for coffee parties in many aristocratic and wealthy citizens' family salons, which won the attention of the upper class.
A few years later, the coffee industry, which can be seen everywhere in the streets, developed rapidly. Most of these cafes were opened by his fellow villagers or Turks from other parts of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, which naturally had a strong Middle Eastern flavor. In many narrow shops with hot coffee on the street corner, you can also see benches against the wall and coffee stoves burning firewood. Most of the guests inside come from vendors, craftsmen and craftsmen who make a living in a foreign land with a market nearby.