One of the questions and answers about meticulous painting and skills (this is part of what I learned in the forum recently. Some of the teacher's skills have been edited and published. In order to provide convenience for beginners, please advise if there are any mistakes. ) 1, how to distinguish the front and back of raw and cooked rice paper? Answer: The front side of rice paper is smooth without paper ribs, otherwise it is the reverse side. If it is mica paper, it has silver dots on the front. 2. How many methods are there for animal silk hair? A: There are three main methods, namely, single-stroke silk floss, scattered silk floss and flat silk floss, all of which are drawn with lines. (1) single brush hair, that is, pen drawing with lobular prism, makes the picture delicate and vivid, but it is also easy to board. Tang Jian often uses this method. (2) Pre-loosening silk wool: Single brushing silk wool is more tired and easy to board, so there is pre-loosening silk wool, that is, the brush wool and silk wool are scattered with a wolf brush. In this way, there will be many lines, which will win in chaos and be rich in changes, but it is not easy to control. Wang often uses this method. (3) Flat front silk hair: This method is often used in places where animals have long hair, that is, it is squashed with a pen, and the lines are drawn evenly and smoothly. Like the mane of a lion. 3. Draw a bird with white powder and then use white vermicelli hair. It still has a certain influence on silk. It's almost invisible when it's dry. How can you draw the effect? Answer: white vermicelli hair, first of all, it is best to have a background color, so that white is easy to appear. In addition, it is best to bake the periphery of the object and dye it with other colors to make the white color more obvious. Also, the color should not be too strong, it is easy to get stuck if it is too strong, it can't be written, and it should not be too light. If it is too light, there is no hiding power. If possible, use silk wool such as clam powder or pearl powder. Those two colors are particularly white when they dry. 4. What kinds of silk paintings are there? Answer: (1) Fine brush method. Draw one by one with a fine pen. (2) broken pen hair method. First, transport the brush into a flat shape, so that the nib is in a row of fine hairs, such as painting a variety of fur, gradually deepening layer by layer. The method of drawing a cat layer by layer with broken bristles emphasizes that each stroke is connected up and down, left and right, and each stroke is drawn from the previous stroke, and the color goes from shallow to deep. This brushwork is like "grabbing the needle" in Su embroidery. It is no longer "seeing the meat on the root" in birds and raptors painted by predecessors, but "the meat comes out from the root". (3), split pen silk hair method. When depicting animals, Mr. Liu Jiyou created a method of splitting brushes and hairs, which developed from a special painting technique created by his father Liu Kuiling. This technique is used on the fur of water curtain cave and the monkey in the somersault cloud, but in the noisy paradise, facing Sun Shengda, it presents a delicate texture, which is amazing. 4. How to draw the silk hair of Bai Niao (peacock)? Answer: First, apply a layer of very light white evenly on the front and back of the bird white part. After drying, use other colors to brush away the white hair. After dyeing other parts in place for many times, dip fine wolf hair into a thick (smooth and appropriate) white single ball. The thickness and direction of hair are related to dynamic charm. Finally, paint the back with white. It should be very bright after drying. 5. How to choose a pen for meticulous painting? A: The sable strokes sold by Chengdu Xianqiao Xiling Gallery and Shuxiang Bizhuang are all large-size sketches. This pen is the right size and can hold a certain amount of water, so that it won't dry up halfway when drawing a long line, which is quite healthy. When writing, the nib is basically restored and very comfortable. Dye with pure wool pen sold by Shuxiang Bizhuang. This pen is soft, and multi-layer dyeing is not easy to turn up the background color. The inscription in the painting uses red hair, and it is not necessary to use long front for thin gold, but it is better to be a little richer. 6. How to write and transport a pen? A: There is no fixed way to hold the pen. It doesn't matter how you hold it, but it's not as demanding as calligraphy if you let your index finger and thumb hold the pen gently and your middle finger lean gently on your index finger. Writing depends entirely on the wrist, that is, from the base of the finger to the tip of the finger. There is no movement in the whole writing process (regardless of the center wing), and it is completed by the movements of the forearm, arm, shoulder and the painter himself. And you can't just draw the pen in the right direction, but also practice in the opposite direction, so that you can come and go freely for a long time. 7. How to choose ink? A: Yidege generally makes ink, and important works can be ground with pine smoke and oil smoke inkstone. 8. How to choose paper? A: As for paper, mica can be used. This paper is very thick, and it was copied in a copy box. You can also use cicada wings to announce that this kind of paper is very thin, and it is easy to wrinkle when colored, so it is usually drawn on a drawing board. Cooked silk is often used, but the color is thinner and lighter. 9. How to use rubber alum? Answer: soak alum in water, the ratio is 1: 20, the longer the better. Cattle glue should be added temporarily, otherwise the glue will deteriorate in a few days and the whole bottle will be scrapped. There is a kind of glue that can be mixed into alum water, which is durable and convenient. There is no accurate scientific basis for the ratio of glue to alum water, which is entirely based on experience. In addition, the traditional idea of meticulous painting coloring in China is that it is appropriate to be thin, and it is thick in thin. If the primary color is thick, it is difficult for rubber alum to cover the color layer without turning up the background color. Alum can make the picture clean and delicate. 10, about the methods and steps of meticulous painting? A: With regard to meticulous painting coloring, we should take the whole as the first step, and then gradually deepen it to distinguish the relationship between black, white and gray in the picture (the relationship between black, white and gray does not mean that there is only one ink color, such as red, orange and yellow can be regarded as black, yellow as white and orange as gray). Start with the deepest tone of the whole painting, and then draw the second dark tone after a certain tone. After comparing these two tones, draw the light tone part, and finally draw the highlight part, and then adjust the overall tone relationship. In this way, the whole picture will be harmonious and no part will be independent. As for meticulous painting coloring, many textbooks and reference books have explained some dogmas, such as leaves, which are dyed with cyanine from petiole to tip. Many people have this loss, and it is inevitable to become a craftsman in the future, because if two leaves overlap with each other, they must start from the hidden projection. Many contemporary painters in China integrate sketches into Chinese paintings. A few years ago, in a Chinese painting training class, I drew a calla lily, which only used the dividing line between light and shade. The teacher repeatedly weighed it and showed it to the whole class. Meticulous painting should be dyed as flat as possible, because any object in the world has infinite changes from beginning to end due to sunlight. If the painting is flat, it will be boring and unreal. If the composer only composes with 1, the whole song will be dull. If you add 2, 3 and 4, the change will be much touching. I once painted a portrait of Yang Shengan for Baoguang Temple in Xindu. Yang took a book and drew it all with Hua Qingping. After reading it, the famous painter Zhang Zaijing pointed out that part of Hua Qingping had to be washed away before it could be changed. Although it is a small matter, I have benefited a lot. Red flowers should not be red, and green leaves should be green. There should be some connection between them, and they don't necessarily exist alone. 1 1. About the composition of meticulous painting? A: The most basic forms of composition are folding branches and cutting branches. The method of folding branches was originally used by painters to sketch, from a branch to a branch to sketch. Later, it was found that this sketch was also interesting, and it gradually evolved into a unique composition form of flower-and-bird painting. Interception is the most common form of flower-and-bird painting. Intercept the most beautiful corner or paragraph from all kinds of flowers and plants as the performance content. After the general choice of the painter, the objects and structural combinations taken in the painting are rich in changes and are directly related to the outside of the painting. Objects either enter from outside the painting or come out from inside the painting, with profound connotations and strict rules. The composition law and aesthetic thought of flower-and-bird painting are mostly practiced by interception. Generally, the composition of painting flowers mainly includes upward insertion, drooping and reclining. 1. Upward insertion: the growth of branches is reasonable, that is, it should conform to the growth law, but attention should be paid to avoiding parallelism or crossing, in short, it should change naturally. 2, drooping: there is a feeling of ecstasy, more vivid, but avoid being dull. 3. Reclining: The hierarchical representation is complicated, but don't bend into zigzag or X-shape. In addition, in the composition of Chinese painting, the use of blank space is also very important. On a picture, the dense place should be dense, the sparse place should be sparse, and at least some blanks should be left. The blank space is as important as the place where pen and ink are written. Only by carefully selecting and summarizing the arrangement of objects and images can we create gaps and make the cloth and white just right. 12, about the method and effect of kneading paper? A: One is to spray water first, dry it for 7 minutes, then knead it into a ball, wait for about 1 minute, then slowly and carefully open it, and finally paint it on the back. It is worth noting that it is best to cover the blank space in the middle with a big announcement, and then rub it. You must be careful when opening the kneaded paper ball, otherwise all the previous efforts will be in vain! Another way is to dry it and rub it directly, and then spread it out slightly. Dry pen on the front, a lot of light scanning, and accumulated color many times. Another method is to adjust the background color and directly knead the finished rice paper into a ball and soak it in the background color. You can squeeze it out slightly to spread it out. The effect is quite good. 13. How to print a large composite drawing on A4 paper? A: use EXCEL. 1. Click "Insert", then click "Picture" in "Insert" and click OK; 2. Click "Format", and then click "Picture Color" and "Picture Size" in "Format" to determine the color and size of the picture (when the height is 23 or 5cm, it is exactly the height of A4 paper, which can be used to roughly estimate how many A4 papers to use. 3. Paste the printed drawings together to form a complete big picture. 14, about sketching techniques? A: The brush strokes on paper include techniques such as hooking (or tracing) wrinkles, dyeing, dots, brushing, rubbing, dragging and silking. "Hook" is also called "sketch" or "description". This is a very important technique in Chinese painting. The outline is mainly drawn in the center, which can also be used as an example. Drawing with a pen is just like calligraphy. Pay attention to the beauty of lines. Every pen must have a pen, a pen, a pen. When starting a pen, you should "draw horizontally and vertically, first right and then left, first down", and when closing the pen, you should "put it in, not sag or shrink". You should be calm, keep it, just like a car going downhill, and control it backwards hard to make it resist and not slip; The pen should be flexible and powerful, and it should run naturally and smoothly. Light and heavy speed should be changed, so as to produce rhythm. In writing, we should overcome the problems of plate, engraving, stagnation and weakness, mainly because the pen is not flexible and the engraving finger is not flexible; The strokes of dry pen or wet pen are too exposed, and knotting means that you can't let go with the pen. If you want to do it, you can't disperse it. The main reason for dryness is that there is too little water and the writing is very boring. 15 About the depth of ink? A: There is a saying that ink has five colors, and Jimo has many changes, such as shades, dryness and wetness. "Ink" means "color". The change of ink color is very important to grasp the moisture. Less water makes the ink dry, while more water makes the ink light and wet. Pay attention to the distribution of ink color on the screen to avoid being dull and inappropriate. 16, about the technique of water accumulation method? A: The water accumulation method, also known as the water stain method, uses the impermeable characteristics of familiar propaganda and special techniques to create an interesting picture texture effect. "Water accumulation" refers to the painting method, and "water stain" refers to the final state of the work drawn in this way. The process of drawing is to draw with a pencil gently, and never draw with ink lines. According to the needs of the picture, use plant pigments (ochre can also be used) to bring up a basic color. The water content should be sufficient, and the water content on the pen should be more when drawing. Draw next to the outline. When wet, dip the pen in azurite, azurite, ink or water with water, and point it on it as needed to let them penetrate each other naturally. The pens used here should be soft, and one pen of the same color should not be mixed. 17. What are the methods of breaking up? A: Generally speaking, the method of knocking and scattering is often used to express the snow scene wrapped in silver. Hold a thin stick in your left hand and dip the adjusted white powder pigment in your right hand with a brush. Knock on the stick and the white powder will fall to the picture little by little. The following points must be noted: 1. The concentration of white powder should be moderate, neither too thick nor too thin. Snowflakes sprinkled too thick will appear dull and will crack and peel off after drying; Too thin, no color, no snowflake effect. The powder content on the pen should not be too much, so it is better to pick up the pen without dripping water. 3. It is important to change when striking. The impact point of heavy percussion is large, and the impact point of shaft percussion is small; More drops of powder are bigger, less drops of powder are smaller. 4. Tear a piece of paper in advance to block the place where the powder doesn't need to fall off in the picture. 5. Pens dipped in color, such as wool pen, wolf brush (a kind of thick brush), double-stranded brush (such as white cloud pen), oil painting pen and watercolor pen, can all be used, but the effect of dropping pastels is different. 6. Knock straight, and the snow will fly like a volley. Knock obliquely with a pen, and the falling snow will be oblique, like jade chips blown by the wind. 18, about rubbing paper? Answer: 1. After the main drawing is completed, it is partially or completely kneaded into regular or irregular lines as needed, and flattened before processing. 2. Draw first and then knead. You can draw the front and back, and they can get different texture effects. 3. origami. Fold into fine or horizontal or vertical lines. 4. tie paper. Lift the middle of the paper, hold the other parts tightly, flatten them, and brush them with ink, which can be radial. 5. Newspapers. Fold the drawing paper horizontally or vertically, spray it wet, roll it up, and then flatten the ink color to show a more delicate texture. 19, about the technique of tie-dyeing method? A: 1, tie-dye before painting, 2, tie-dye after painting; 3. Spread out after drying; 4. Spread out when wet. 20. What are the techniques of collage and mending? Answer: Raw rice paper: circle the unnecessary part with clear water, tear it off while wet, straighten the raw edge, brush the top with another white paste, then paste the same type of rice paper, rinse it with water and tear off the redundant part. Cooked rice paper: after cutting off the excess parts, wet the edges, gently tear off the thin edges and paste the paper. You can also add a little paste to the subsidized edge to make it generally fixed, then make up the pen or make it full of air, and then mount it after completion. 1. Cut a picture, break it down, and then transpose or recombine it in place (for example, change the angle of a circle or paste it on the other side). 2. Or put a part of another picture on this picture to form a new relationship. For example, gold foil is directly attached to the picture. 3. Interlaced collage method (such as drawing reeds and fishing boats behind reeds).

The second question and answer of meticulous painting and skills (for beginners)

This is part of what I learned in the forum recently. Some of the teacher's skills have been edited and published. In order to provide convenience for beginners, please advise if there are any mistakes. )

2 1. About the skills of cardboard shielding method?

Answer: 1. Paper reinforcement method. Adding paper ribs to the drawing paper, pasting it with water and tearing it off after painting can show the texture and texture of the rock. Paper ribs can also be added to friction materials.

2. Engraving. Carve the images of geese and egrets and then print them. Other sundries: hemp seed, pine needles, etc.

3. The paper tray is missing. This method is the opposite of coloring method. First, the hollow image is cut on the hard paper for printing or rubbing.

22, about the skills of comparison?

Answer: 1. Tick the back, 2. Tick the front, color the back, 3. Draw the main body on the front and the background on the supporting paper.

23. What are the rubbing techniques?

A: The rubbing materials are: glass, wood board, plywood, plastic board, cloth, paper, slate, iron plate and so on. When rubbing on the glass, a piece of white paper can be lined under it to show the trace of ink color and the change of depth.

Rub method: 1. Direct rubbing with monochrome ink, 2. Multi-ink direct rubbing, 3. Local friction, 4. Rubbing repeatedly, 5. Keep rubbing (there is still a little ink on the rubbed material, so you can continue rubbing when it is still wet, which will make it dry hazy. ), 6. Dry drawing paper friction, 7. Wet drawing paper friction, 8. Oil wipe, 9. Ink painting (lithography), 10, ink painting. 1 1, glue alum first, then hydrate, 12. To receive oil in water, use volatile oil: turpentine, gasoline, etc. 13, rubbing on dark water, 14. Rub on the dark water, 15, rub on objects (leaves, ropes, hemp seeds, pine needles, mats, flies, wood grains, etc. ), 16. Rub the reverse side of the drawing paper, and then ink it. 17. Rub the dough with color printing, and make the dough with paper balls, bagasse, hemp rope, gunny cloth, coarse grain cloth, wood grain and silk pulp, and rub the dough directly on the drawing paper with ink.

24. What are the techniques of roller printing?

Answer: 1. Pad roller printing, 2. Hard pad roller printing, 3. Rope roller printing, 4. Rolling method, 5. Wrinkled paper roll printing method, 6. Biological spray roller printing, 7. Familiar with thin serifs roll printing method, 8. Uneven inking method on roller, 9. A lot.

25. What are the infiltration methods?

Answer: 1. Two pieces of paper are stacked together for painting, and the bottom one is a natural texture. 2. Draw a picture on one side after folding a piece of paper. The principle is the same as above, and then treat it according to the same picture after unfolding. 3. Draw on a watertight board, and the next one will be stained with strange textures.

26. What are the techniques for flat coating?

Answer: 1. Light ink plane painting, 2. Plane painting with superimposed strokes in light ink color.

27. What are the methods of accumulating ink?

Answer: 1. Dry ink method, 2. Wet ink method, 3. Dry ink method, 4. Ink accumulation and rubbing method.

28. What are the skills of breaking ink?

Answer: 1. Thick broken light, 2. Light broken thickness, 3. Ink destroys color, 4. The color broke the ink.

29. What are the ink-washing skills?

A: Familiar propaganda is often used, and raw propaganda can also be used. This method can be combined with salt sprinkling method, crepe paper method and local denaturation method.

1. Wash the ink with water. Add gum to the ink. After painting the theme, before the ink is dry, wash it with plenty of water to let the original ink soak as much as possible. When the effect is ideal, fix it with a hot fan. If you need to wash a lot of parts, you can wash them several times. For example, wash branches first, then wash leaves and so on.

2. The ink was washed away. Spray the painting with water first, then shower or rinse it with thick and light ink. This method is similar to "breaking ink".

3. Wash the spare ink. Wash when the ink color is slightly dry, and dry the ink edge first, which has a hazy effect.

Brush the paper with soapy water first, then treat it.

5. After inking, hang a picture, spray water with a watering can to make the ink block flow, and fix it with a hot air blower.

6. For ink dots containing glue, when wet, drop clear water into the center of the ink dot.

30. What are the skills of water impact method?

Answer: Also known as dripping method and water injection method, it is mostly used for cooked propaganda or alum shreds. The material can be clear water, pink water, light ink, etc. You can wait for it to dry naturally, or you can use cotton paper and other materials to absorb excess water. It can also be concave and convex ink color.

3 1. About the skills of water release?

Answer: 1. Draw objects with water, and then paint or render them with dry ink. Absorb ink where there is water, naturally penetrate, and add some pictures.

2. Making water with ink, painting objects with water, painting or rendering with wet ink, getting out of the way with some ink, and being dim without water, which is often used to set off the moon.

32. What are the skills of elastic color method?

A: The color spray method is similar to this one. 1. Dip the pen tube in ink and bounce it onto the drawing paper. 2. Dip the toothbrush in ink and bounce it on the drawing paper.

33. What are the techniques of jet dyeing?

A: It can be partially blocked and then sprayed. 1. Ink jet color, 2. Spray water, 3. Inkjet.

Partial occlusion is often used to draw the moon. Some people use it to draw walls to show cement lines, supplemented by physical rubbings (such as morning glory leaves, etc.). ), you can get a real stereoscopic effect.

34. What are the methods of halo etching?

A: A basin of water is probably one or two washing powders. 1. Brush it with a proper concentration of washing powder. When it is dry, draw an image with the ink color, and then stop sprinkling water on the ink, that is, spots appear; Then spray the paper with water and stand it up, the spots will faint in one direction, and there will be ice, snow, ice and other effects. Finally, it can be fixed with a hot air blower.

2. Draw the object first, then pour, point, spray and wash the washing powder solution, lift the painting and guide it obliquely.

3. Washing powder soaked in ink. Mix the washing powder in the container with water to form dense foam, hold it on drawing paper (both raw and cooked), and then drip it with ink. Dry naturally in the shade, and there will be a reticulated foam texture effect.

4. Put the drawing paper on the felt without interference.

5. Put the drawing paper on a hard board such as glass and let the ink soak.

35. What are the technologies for absorbing precipitation?

Answer: 1. Direct salt spraying method, fine salt is better for small particles.

2. Add alkali (soapy water, washing powder, detergent, etc.). ) to the ink color, stir well. Sprinkle salt when it is half dry after coloring.

3. Same as the salt sprinkling method, but with different materials. Materials that can be selected are: sawdust, sand, cement powder, bread crumbs, etc. It is better to use it in cooked publicity.

36. What are the processes of pulp-paper method?

A: 1. Soybean milk method. Take raw soybean milk for later use. According to the degree of penetration, the smaller the proportion of water, the closer it is to cooked paper. Shop raw materials, leather paper, Korean paper, etc. It should be treated on felt, or sprayed, sprayed, or brushed, and hung in the shade to dry before use. 2. Milk Law. 3. Raw egg white water method.

37. What are the skills of alum glue method?

Answer: 1. Brush with glue alum, dry and then brush to make a base. 2. Glue alum painting, while wet painting is rendered. 3. Local degeneration, complete the detailed effect in publicity. 4. Alum is used in the process.

38. What are the batik techniques?

A: 1. Dry batiks are used to draw textures. 2. Liquid batik, coated on drawing paper, cracked and crushed after drying, and then painted with ink. 3. Show the ink drop effect in the cooked propaganda, and you can choose to use batik instead of rubber alum.

39. What are the skills for refueling?

Answer: 1. Add a little turpentine to the ink to draw an image. 2. Health promotion. Draw an image with turpentine first, and then cover it with ink.

40. What are the skills of doing the old method?

A: 1. Repeated priming with black tea water. 2. Add a little ochre and gamboge to the light ink to make it yellow and gray. 3. Add a little cyan to the light ink to make the old ink blue-gray. 4. Familiar publicity can be brushed on the front or the back (the latter is better). 5. Health care can be supported, and then brush from behind until you are satisfied. 6. Erase before coloring. 7. Sandpaper before coloring. 8. Cigarette butts are burned or ashes are burned, and the holes burned should be colored after support.