Let's talk about special catering. According to historical records, niujie is the earliest birthplace of Beijing snacks. At that time, a large number of Muslims from western regions settled in Beijing, forming niujie where Hui people gathered. As a result, the food culture of the Hui nationality was brought to Beijing. For example, the pepper we are talking about now, as well as a dazzling array of spices and seasonings, once refreshed the Central Plains people and greatly increased their appetite. It is said that the formation of regional flavor comes from such spices and seasonings, starting with taste buds and then reaching appetite.
In this way, Beijing snacks spread slowly over the years, not only among ordinary people, but also into the court within the red wall, becoming one of the contents of the imperial cuisine catalogue. It can be said that the famous snacks in Beijing, such as "Fried Phoenix", "Sheep Head Horse", "Rice Cake Yang", "Pie Week", "Dairy Cow" and "Bean Curd White", are almost all created by Hui people. Besides, there are Peking Duck, Zhajiang Noodles, braised pork, fried liver, enema, seasonal cakes, spring cakes, spring rolls and so on.
When it comes to Beijing snacks, you can't help but mention "Beijing bean juice". Mr. Liang Shiqiu quoted Hu Jinquan as saying: "People who can't drink bean juice are not real Peiping people." Many people know this famous saying, so they drank a bowl of wine with great pride, but no one grinned. "The wonder of bean juice is that there is a rancid taste in the acid; Second, when it is hot, you can only drink slowly, not gulp; Third, spicy pickles are so spicy that the tip of your tongue is numb. " It seems that Mr. Liang Shiqiu has a deep understanding of bean juice. In fact, drinking bean juice is not only hot and sour, but also the matching inby and Chili pickles. The salty taste of pickles, the crisp taste of inby and the sour taste of bean juice cancel each other out, which is really called "cool". Try it if you don't believe me!
"Statistics is a static history; History is the flow of statistical data. " From a vertical perspective, with the development of the times, the catering level of Beijingers is also constantly improving. It can be clearly seen from the changing track of statistical data that since the founding of New China, Beijingers have experienced coarse grains era, flour rice era and non-staple food era.
In 1950s and 1960s, rice, flour and miscellaneous grains were the main ingredients on the dining table of Beijing residents, but the intermittent supply of rice and flour was often only used to improve people's lives. According to the survey data of workers' families in Beijing, in 1955, the per capita grain consumption of urban families was about 174 kg, including 46 kg of rice, 74 kg of flour and 54 kg of miscellaneous grains. Until 1980, the per capita grain consumption of urban residents basically fluctuated between 160- 190 kg. In good years, they eat more, and in bad years, they eat less. According to the accounts of various towns, during the Spring Festival of 1983, each person only supplied three kilograms of Fuqiang powder, one kilogram of small miscellaneous beans, one kilogram of glutinous rice, four ounces of peanut oil, one or two ounces of sesame oil, half a catty of peanuts, three ounces of melon seeds, one or two ounces of sesame paste and two ounces of fish. Until 1989, Beijingers no longer need to supply rice, noodles, fish and fish for the New Year.
Sesame blossoms are getting higher and higher. Since ancient times, Beijing has been called "the area where the five parties are mixed and the first good". Reform and opening up have brought gratifying changes to the lives of Beijing residents. Eating enough is no longer a problem, and the consumption of grain is decreasing year by year, replaced by the gradual increase in the number and types of non-staple food. According to 1955, nearly half (47.6%) of the food consumption expenditure of urban residents in Beijing is used for food consumption. By 1990, food consumption expenditure was less than 10% (9.5%). In 2008, the proportion of urban residents' food consumption in food consumption expenditure further decreased to 6.7%, while in 53 years. Residents' food consumption has gradually changed from "staple food" dominated by grain to "non-staple food" with complete nutrition. With the prosperity of Beijing's catering industry, the dietary styles of Beijing residents are gradually diversified. From 65438 to 0978, the proportion of urban residents' eating out expenses in their food expenditure was less than 5%, and in 2008, the proportion increased to more than 25%, an increase of more than 20 percentage points.
Engel's coefficient is an important indicator reflecting people's living standards, which means that food expenditure accounts for the proportion of consumption expenditure. The richer the life, the smaller the Engel coefficient. According to FAO, people with Engel's coefficient above 59% are considered as absolute poverty, 40%-50% are well-off and 30%-40% are rich. Statistics show that before the reform and opening up, most of Beijing residents' food and clothing expenditures accounted for more than 70% of all living expenses. After the reform and opening up, the Engel coefficient of urban and rural residents decreased from 58.7% in 1978 to 33.8% in 2008. The Engel coefficient of rural residents decreased from 63.2% in 1978 to 34.3% in 2008. The life of Beijing residents has stepped onto a relatively affluent stage.