The tour guide needs to understand the humanities and history of each attraction, in order to bring tourists into the original mood. Below is my "Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang white garden guide word", just for reference, I hope you like! More details please click to view.
Longmen Grottoes, Luoyang, White Garden GuideFrom Xiangshan Temple to the north about 5, 600 meters to the White Garden. White Garden, located in Luoyang Longmen Scenic Spot on Pipa Peak in the East Mountain, is the tomb garden of the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi, covering an area of 30,000 square meters, in 1961 was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. People did not expect to meet Bai Juyi here ......
Bai Juyi was born in Tang Dynasty Emperor Dali seven years (772), at the age of 5 years old to study poetry, 8 years old to know the sound rhyme, 16 years old from Luoyang to the capital Chang'an. 29 years old, the examination of the first degree, and from then on into the civil service, but never ambition, but wrote more than 3,800 poems on behalf of the people's hearts and minds, for the people, rich in the people's poetry, which have more than 2,800 has been handed down to this day, which in the successive generations of poets are This is rare among poets of all times.
Bai Juyi lived in Luoyang for 18 years. Although honored as a "young master", but a life of poverty, like wine and good poetry, in the Longmen repair Xiangshan Temple, the opening of the eight sections of the beach, the Longmen landscape is very fond of, after death, follow the instructions buried in this.
The White Garden is a humanistic and natural scenic spot built in honor of Bai Juyi, a great writer of the Tang Dynasty, in the scenic area of Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang. Here recorded Bai Juyi and his friends to discuss poetry and listen to the qin, tea and games of the mood, but also built in the mountains of Luoyang in the sea of trees, a little bit of the flavor of the immortal style of Taoism. Bai Juyi said in his poem, "There is always flowing water in front of the door, and many tall trees on the wall. Bamboo path around the lotus pond, haunted more than a hundred steps." The design of the White Garden has been eight or nine points close to this.
The White Garden meets the door is the Qinggu District. Into the door straight ahead, but see the road turns back to the peaks, forests and trees; mountain springs ding dong, pool water clear blue. It is very elegant. Sandwich Road is lined with green bamboo, hanging waterfalls splashing out the pleasant sound of water, lotus pools send the cool autumn.
Longmen East Mountain is called Fragrant Hill, this valley is called the Green Valley. The valley is called the Green Valley. The Green Valley divides the northern slope of Mount Fragrance into a peak called Pipa Peak. The White Garden is built along the Qing Valley and around Pipa Peak. Covering an area of 44 acres, it is staggered and skillfully decorated. The White Garden has three major features that make it different from other scenic spots. Only by first familiarizing yourself with these three features can you create a unique feeling.
First of all, looking for traces of Bai Juyi's life, visit the poet's grave, taste the noble life, appreciate the immortal poetry. You can get close to the poet across time and space, and have a spiritual exchange. Secondly, the landscape here, are centered around Bai Juyi character poetic style and set. Bright mountains and beautiful water, flowers, trees and stones, pavilions, stone tablets and halls, all reflect the poet's temperament, the elegance of the Tang Dynasty and the perfect features of nature. Thirdly, the stone carvings and couplets in the garden are meaningful, especially the Bai Juyi Poetry Gallery and the Japanese Tablet Gallery, which are a collection of a hundred of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign masters, and the stone carvings such as the Twenty Pieces of the Dragon Gate, etc., which are across the river, and reflect each other. More added to China's three major stone art treasures of the eye-catching luster.
The main attractions in the White Garden are Qinggu District, Paradise, Poetry Gallery, Tomb Body District, Japanese Calligraphy Gallery, Dao Shi Shuji and more than 10 other places. The Qinggu District is located between two mountains and has a white pool, Listening to the Yi Pavilion, a stone bridge, pine and bamboo, and white lotus. Into the green valley area waterfalls cascading, pool rippling, bamboo green wind, white lotus fragrance, make people relaxed and happy, paradise by the mountains, facing the green valley, is the poet's poems will be friends place, indoor natural stone exposed, white jade statues dashing natural, quiet seat on top of the stone, giving people a sense of deep thought and understanding of the world.
Standing in front of the paradise, you can y recall the poet's original work, "often flowing water in front of the door, the wall of tall trees, bamboo paths around the lotus pond, haunting more than a hundred steps," the poetry gallery standing stone 38 Chinese and foreign masters writing, rows, cursive, seal script, and Li complete, you can not only appreciate Bai Juyi's masterpieces, but also to appreciate the beauty of the art of calligraphy. The Japanese Calligraphy Gallery was built for the exchange of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy, and is mostly composed of works of contemporary Japanese calligraphers, and was completed in March 2000 and opened to the public. The Tomb Area is located at the top of Pipa Peak, which can be reached by picking up the steps from the Peony Altar. There are Bai Juyi's tomb, a reclining stone monument, a crow's head gate, and standing stones of Chinese and foreign guests and ethnic groups who admired Bai Juyi. The stone pavement in front of the tomb, the lawn behind the tomb like a carpet, surrounded by cypresses, giving people a sense of solemnity.
Stroll up the stone level, the hillside has a pavilion, called "Listen to Yi", this pavilion is Bai Juyi and his friends Yuan Zhen, Liu Yuxi, etc. in his later years of gaming, drinking, tea, poetry. Listening to Yi Pavilion and Song Feng Pavilion imitate the architectural design of the Tang Dynasty, and the word "pavilion" means "stop", reminding visitors to stop and feel the quietness of the valley. Time is slow in the landscape. Listen to the I Pavilion, also known as the Grass Pavilion, because of the women and children know the "Fude Gu Yuan Grass to send farewell" and built.
Listen to the I Pavilion and up, in the rocky cypresses in a simple and elegant Pavilion House, inscribed "paradise", the Hall of alabaster carved into the statue of Bai Juyi, plain clothes and hatched staff, lifelike, there is a floating state of immortality.
Bai Juyi (772 - 846 years): the word Lotte, No. Xiangshan Jushi, also known as Mr. Drunken Yin, his ancestral home in Taiyuan, to his great-grandfather when he moved to Xiqi, was born in Henan Xinzheng. He was a great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, one of the three great poets of the Tang Dynasty. Together with Yuan Zhen***, Bai Juyi advocated the New Music Movement and was known as "Yuan Bai", and together with Liu Yuxi, he was known as "Liu Bai". Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of subjects, diverse forms, and simple language, and he is known as the "Poetry Devil" and the "King of Poetry". He became a scholar of Hanlin Academy and the left minister of Zanshan. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan Mountain. Bai's Changqing ji (The Collection of Bai's Changqing) is a collection of poems, including The Song of Long Hatred, The Charcoal Seller, and The Line of the Pipa.
Born in a chaotic world: In the first month of the seventh year of the Dali reign of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty (772), Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng, Henan Province, into a small and medium-sized bureaucratic family of the "Shidun Confucianism". Soon after his birth, war broke out in his hometown. A feudal lord, Li Zhengji, had seized more than ten states in Henan, and the war was devastating to the people. When Bai Juyi was two years old, his grandfather, who was the magistrate of Gong County, died in Chang'an, followed by his grandmother.
Bai Juyi's father, Bai Jigeng, was first appointed magistrate of Pengcheng County, Xuzhou (780), and then promoted to the position of Xuzhou Beiyi (徐州别驾) a year later because of his work with Li Wei (李洧), the assassin of Xuzhou, and in order to escape from the war in Xuzhou he sent his family home to Fuli (符离), in the state of Suzhou, to live in peace and security. Bai Juyi spent his childhood in Fuli, Suzhou. And Bai Juyi smart, reading very hard, read the mouth are born sores, hands are worn out calluses, young, hair all white.
Serving life: 806 years, Bai Juyi strike school scholar. In April of the same year, the test of talent and knowledge and Mao Ming in the body with the Branch, and the first, awarded the Minecraft County (now Xi'an Zhouzhi County), the lieutenant. 807 years, as a scholar examiner, Jixian school manager, awarded the Hanlin bachelor. 808 years as the left pickup, to welcome Yang Yuqing from the sister as his wife. 810 years, changed to the Ministry of Household Department of the Beijing Zhaowu military officer, in 811 years, his mother Chen's death, leave the worry, return to the bottom of the Guijie. 814 years back to Changan, awarded the Crown Prince of the left Zanzhan Daifu.
When he was appointed as the left collector, Bai Juyi thought that he was appreciated and promoted by the emperor, who preferred literature, and hoped to repay the favor by doing his duty as an official, so he wrote frequently, and wrote a large number of poems reacting to the social reality, hoping to make up for the current political situation, and even pointing out the emperor's mistakes in front of him. Bai Juyi was mostly accepted by the emperor, but his directness made Emperor Xianzong of Tang feel unhappy and complained to Li Jiang: "Bai Juyi is a kid who is promoted by me to a famous position, but he is not courteous to me, which is hard for me to help." Li Jiang believes that this is a piece of Bai Juyi's loyalty, and advise Emperor Xianzong to open a wide range of speech.
Relegation to Jiangzhou: In 815, when the prime minister Wu Yuanheng was assassinated, Bai Juyi submitted a petition advocating that the murderer be arrested, which was regarded as overstepping the bounds of his duties. Later, Bai Juyi was slandered again: his mother died after falling into a well while watching flowers, but he wrote poems about flowers and wells, which were detrimental to his reputation and education.
When Bai Juyi was appointed assassin of Zhongzhou, Bai Xingjian traveled up the river with his brother. On the way, he met Yuan Zhen at Huangniu Gorge, and the place where the three of them traveled together became known as Sanyou Cave. During his tenure in Zhongzhou, Bai Juyi planted flowers on a hillside east of the city and named the place "Dongpo". In the winter of the same year, he was appointed assassin of Zhongzhou (present-day Zhongxian County, Chongqing), arriving in 819, and in the summer of 820, he was recalled to Chang'an to serve as a minister of Shangshu.
Although Bai Juyi's mother died after falling into a well while watching the flowers, he had written many poems about flowers, and according to Song records, the new well poems were written in the first year of the Yuanhe era (the new well poems have been lost), so this incident cannot constitute a crime. The main reason for his banishment was probably related to the fact that he wrote satirical works that offended those in power. His relegation to Jiangzhou was a turning point in Bai Juyi's life: before that time he had aspired to be "a man of all means," hoping to make a contribution to the good of his country and its people; after that time his behavior gradually shifted toward "solitude," and although he still cared for the people, the actions he took no longer had the same spark as in the past. After that, his behavior gradually shifted to "solitude". However, Bai Juyi in Jiangzhou, although not ambitious, generally still be able to live in peace, was in Mount Lu incense burner peak north of the building of the Cao Tang, and with the local monks to socialize.
Term of office in Suzhou and Hangzhou: 820 years in the winter, transferred to the main guest Langzhong, know the system of enjoinment. 821 years, plus Chaosan Daifu, began to formally wear five scarlet court dress, (scarlet that is, vermilion, for the five or more officials to use the color of the dress). In 822, Bai Juyi wrote a letter on the military of Hebei, which was not adopted, so he requested to serve in the field, and was appointed as the assassin of Hangzhou in July, arriving in October. He was appointed as the assassin of Hangzhou in July, and arrived in October, building the West Lake embankment and dredging the six wells, etc. In May 824, he was appointed as the left counselor of the crown prince in the eastern capital, and in the fall he went to Luoyang, where he purchased a house in Cuidao Li. 825, he was appointed as the assassin of Suzhou, and arrived in May, and went to his office in 826, and then he traveled to the area of Yangzhou and Chushu in the company of Liu Yuxi.
During his tenure as assassin of Hangzhou, Liu Yuxi presided over the dredging of six ancient wells in Hangzhou to solve the drinking water problem of Hangzhou people. And see the West Lake silt farmland drought, so repair dikes to accumulate lake water for irrigation, soothe the drought caused by the harm, and make the "Qiantang Lake Stone Records", the governance of lake water policy, methods and precautions, engraved stone placed in the lakeshore for posterity, later Hangzhou's governance of lake water has a great impact. Before leaving office, Bai Juyi left a sum of his official salary in the state treasury as a fund for the officials who later governed Hangzhou to turn over on official business, and then made up the original amount afterwards. When this fund has been operating until the Huang Chao chaos, when the Huang Chao arrived in Hangzhou, the paperwork more burned and lost, the fund is unknown.
West Lake, there is a white dike, both sides of the planted willows, the later generations mistakenly rumored that this is the dike built by Bai Juyi, and called the White Causeway. In fact, this "white dike" before Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou has existed, then called "white sand dike", and in Bai Juyi's poetry.
When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen also from the prime minister to Zhedong Observation, Zhedong, Hangzhou is not too far away from each other, so there are many poems between the two people back and forth. When Bai Juyi left Hangzhou at the end of his term, Yuan Zhen asked Bai Juyi to hand over all of his works, and compiled 50 volumes of Bai's Changqing Collection.
During his tenure as assassin of Suzhou, Bai Juyi excavated a seven-mile-long Shantang River from Huqiu in the west to the Gate of Heaven in the east, and constructed a road on the north side of the river called "Seven Mile Shantang", or "Shantang Street" for short.
Later life: 827 years, Bai Juyi to Chang'an Secretary Supervisor, with purple and gold fish bags, change to wear purple court dress (the color of the clothes used by officials above the third grade). 828 years, transferred to the Ministry of Criminal Affairs Minister, sealed Jinyang County, male. 829 years in the spring, due to illness, awarded to the Prince of Prince of Guests Division, back to Luoyang Cudao Li. 830 years in December, served as the Yin of Henan Province. 831 years in July, Yuan Zhen died. 832 years, Yuan Zhen for the epitaph. In 832, for yuan chen to write epitaphs, the yuan family to baijuyi pen six hundred thousand or seven hundred thousand money, baijuyi will be full of charity in luoyang xiangshan temple. 833 years, due to illness, exempted from henan yin, and then appointed prince guest division. 835 years, was appointed as assassin of the same state, resigned to not go to the office, and then reappointed as a prince shaofu division of the eastern capital, FengYi county marquis, still stay in luoyang. 839 years in october of the wind disease. 841 years, the strike of the crown prince shaofu, stop salary. 842 years, to the ministry of criminal justice to the minister of justice, and the minister of justice, the minister of justice to the minister of justice of the eastern capital of the east. In 842, the Ministry of Justice to the Secretary, receive half salary.
In his later years, Bai Juyi's life, most of the "leisurely" life to respond to their own "poor is good alone" philosophy of life. In 844, 73-year-old Bai Juyi paid to excavate the Longmen area to hinder the boat trip of the rocky beach, after the completion of the poem "open Longmen eight sections of the rocky beach poem and preface" to commemorate, the poem still reflects his "to achieve is to help the whole world," the concept of life.
In his later years, Bai Juyi spent most of his time in Luoyang, singing with Liu Yuxi and traveling around Longmen. In 845, Bai Juyi was 74 years old, still in the Cuidao Ridi held "seven old man meeting", the participants were Hu Gao, Ji Jiao, Zheng according to Liu Zhen, Lu Zhen, Zhang Hun and Bai Juyi; the same summer, to the seven old together with the monk Ru Man, Li Yuan Shuang, painted "nine old man drawing The same year, in the summer of the same year, the seven elders were combined with the monks Ru Man and Li Yuan Shuang to paint the "Nine Elders". Bai Juyi in his later years of Buddhism, the number of Xiangshan Jushi, for the monk Ru Man's disciples.
Luoyang died: Wu Zong Huichang six years (846 years) August 14 (September 8), Bai Juyi died in Luoyang, aged 75 years old, presented to the Shangshu Right Servant, posthumous name "Wen", buried in Luoyang Xiangshan. After Bai Juyi died, Tang Xuanzong Li Chen wrote a poem to commemorate him, saying: "Sixty years of jade and pearls, who taught the medieval road as a poet? The name of Bai Juyi is not tied to the floating clouds, and the word "Le Tian" is not used in the creation of the world. A child can sing the song of "Long Hate", and a child can sing the song of "Pipa". The articles have filled the ears of pedestrians, and I once thought of Qing with pathos." White's Changqing collection, **** seventy-one volumes.
Home-brewed wine: Bai Juyi home-brewed wine, high quality out of the crowd, he wrote a poem for his own wine: "open altar lagoon in the jade liquid gold fat; hold play has been pleasing to the joyful taste have more than nourishment; a discretionary hair good guests, and then drink the open eyebrow of sadness; and even delayed four or five discretionary, hearty into the limbs." (Bai Juyi Volume). The history of Bai Juyi's wine-making is not only recorded, but also until today, there is "Bai Juyi made wine on New Year's Eve to reward the neighbors" story circulated in the Weibei generation.
Suukou Barbarian waist: Suukou Barbarian waist, storage of prostitutes for fun, began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, more common in the Tang Dynasty. In order to remove the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged in self-indulgence with prostitutes, poetry and wine. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems, and the most famous ones are Xiaoban and Fan Su. Tang Meng Kai, "this poem - the sense of things" in the record: "White Shangshu Ji people Fan Su good song, the prostitutes small barbarians good dance, I tasted for the poem said: Cherry Fan Su mouth, willow small barbarians waist".
When Bai Juyi was in his sixties, he had a wind disease, half paralyzed, so he sold the good horse and let Fan Su left him to marry. However, his horse was so upset that he couldn't bear to leave. Fan Su also tears of sadness, said: "Master ride this camel for five years, under the title of pouting, do not scare not escape. Su serve the Lord for ten years, between the towel and pectus, no violation and no loss. Today, although the appearance of Su ugly, not to the destruction. The strength of the camel is still strong, and there is no . That is, the strength of the camel, can still be a step on behalf of the Lord; Su's song, can also send the Lord a cup. The first time I saw this was when I was a student at the University of California at Berkeley.
Therefore, if you are going to go, your words will be bitter; if you are going to go, your voice will be sad. This is the love of man, the love of the horse, is not the Lord only emotionless?" But when Bai Juyi was 70 years old, Fan Su and Xiaoban still gone. Bai Juyi miss wrote: "two branches of willow in a small building, looking for many years with drunkenness, tomorrow after the release of the return, the world should not be spring winds. Five years of March this day end, the guest scattered feast empty cover alone door; sick and Lotte phase **** live, spring with Fan Su a moment to return."
Book story: Zhenyuan sixteen years (800) in the bachelor's degree, awarded the secretary of the school, Jixian school manager, involved in organizing the national collection of books. Later pew Hanlin scholar. Yuan and ten years (815) depreciated for Jiangzhou Secretary. When Emperor Wenzong ascended to the throne, he moved to the position of Minister of Justice. In his later years, he retired to Xiangshan Mountain in Luoyang. In his later years, he retired to Xiangshan Mountain in Luoyang and called himself Xiangshan Jushi. He made remarkable contributions to the development of realist poetry. In organizing the collection of books in the Academy of Jixian, he had access to a large number of books, which had a great influence on his literary creation.
He had a rich private collection of books, and built a library called "Ji Bei Shu Ku". He once wrote "Chihshang Chuan", said that his "dismissed the Ministry of Justice when the minister, there are a thousand chestnuts, a carload of books". He was also the author of "Bai's Changqing Collection". Based on his own collection of books, he compiled a book of words and phrases, Bai's Six Posts on Classes of Scriptures and Historical Matters (also known as Bai's Six Posts), which was divided into 1,367 doors. Song dynasty Huang Jian "Yang Wen Gong talk court" records: "people say Bai Juyi made" six post ", to pottery bottle thousands, each title door, for seven shelves, listed in the fasting. Ordered the students to collect their events, throw the bottle. Pour take, transcribe into a book." Visible "White's six posts" in the initial collection of information, began to class collection. Another compilation of "Yuan Bai Yin Ji set", "Liu Bai sing and set", "Luo downstream to enjoy the feast set" (also known as "Luozhong set") and so on.
Continuing upward is the top of Pipa Peak. In the cypresses, there is a brick wall surrounded by a round mound, that is, the great Tang poet Bai Juyi long resting place. On the top of the circular tomb, the grass is luxuriant. In front of the tomb, there are three tall stone monuments, one of which is engraved with the words "Tang Shaofu Bai Cemetery". Climbing high and looking at the tomb, shaped like a lute, the mound where the tomb is located for the "qin box", the southeast is a long grassy tomb road, surrounded by neat holly, emerald green grass in the center, the three "strings" clearly visible, this is the lute's This is the lute's "curved neck". The poet was well versed in rhyming and wrote the ancient poem "Pipa Xing" (The Walk of the Pipa). This mountain, this tomb, this Dragon Gate is the best place for him to sleep.
Pipa Peak, legend has it that when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty excavated the Longmen Grottoes, Manjusri Bodhisattva brought a band of fairies to watch, and a pipa-playing fairy eloped with a mortal youth, abandoning her pipa, forming today's Pipa Peak. However, the name of Pipa Peak should be taken from the popular poem "Pipa Xing" by Bai Juyi, who has been sleeping here for a long time.
The white mound surrounded by pines and cypresses lies at the end of the "pipa". Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan Mountain in his later years, also known as "Xiangshan Jushi", buried here, not only in line with the poet's wish, but also alludes to the meaning of his masterpiece Pipa Xing, can be said to be ingenious, admirable. However, there are also legends that Bai Juyi was immersed in the officialdom for many years, and increasingly recognized the darkness of the officialdom.
In his later years, the poet's career path was bleak, so he did not want his descendants to follow in his footsteps. So, the poet left a will: from now on, the future generations do not want to be an official. He saw Pipa Peak in front of the steep, below the broad water, is a piece of land, is to choose the grave site of the taboo, will deliberately give up the Mang that everyone aspires to the feng shui treasure, will be their own grave site in the front of the Jedi Pipa Peak top, in order to cut off their own family's official gas.
Chinese and foreign tourists and ethnic groups who admire Bai Juyi have erected stones here to commemorate him. One of the monuments is inscribed in Chinese and Japanese, "Mr. Bai Juyi, the great poet, you are the benefactor of Japanese culture, you are a literary figure admired by the Japanese nation, and your contribution to Japan is as heavy as a mountain, and it will be remembered for generations to come."
On the right side of the tomb, there is a huge stone lying monument. Engraved with the biography of Mr. Drunken Gin, the monument weighs 24 tons, is currently the largest stone book in China.
From the tomb to the left, down to the waist of the peak of the gentle place, that is, the elegant corridor, corridor wall embedded in modern poets and artists chanting poetry and Bai Juyi "Pipa Xing" full text of the stone carvings.