1. Adolescent hypotension can not be ignored
In recent years, it is often found that the blood pressure of some teenagers is continuously low, with systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg and between 75 and 85, while diastolic blood pressure below 60 mm Hg. Because of the low blood pressure, the blood circulation function of these teenagers is also poor, and they often feel dizzy, weak and short of breath, palpitation and chest tightness; Women also have irregular menstruation, insomnia, dreaminess and prone to collapse. When studying, it is difficult to concentrate, daydreaming, poor memory and forgetfulness, and often feel that the brain is not very good. These teenagers are often accompanied by symptoms such as loss of appetite, mental fatigue, fear of cold and warmth, and tepid hands and feet. The above-mentioned uncomfortable feeling is mainly due to the low blood pressure for a long time, which makes the blood supply of tissues and organs of the body, especially brain nerve cells, insufficient and causes chronic hypoxia.
Adolescent hypotension is common in frail women, mostly primary hypotension, which is 3-4 times that of men. A small number of secondary hypotension can be indexed by menorrhagia or chronic blood loss, and many people also have a family genetic history. It can be seen that adolescent hypotension is a functional disease, and there is often no organic disease.
Second, the harm, prevention and precautions of hypotension in the elderly
Most elderly people think that people are prone to hypertension when they are old. In fact, hypotension is equally common among the elderly, and it is extremely harmful to their physical and mental health. Generally speaking, when the adult's high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure) is lower than 75 ~ 85 mm Hg, it is called hypotension. There are many reasons for hypotension in the elderly: the functions of various organs in the elderly are declining and the neuromodulation function is low; Arteriosclerosis reduces arterial elasticity; Physically weak; Standing in a sultry or indoor oxygen-deficient environment for too long, staying in bed for a long time, and suddenly changing posture. In addition, diabetes and central nervous system diseases can also induce hypotension; The sudden drop of pressure in the bladder, such as after urination at night, can reflexively make blood flow back to the abdominal cavity and cause transient hypotension. Hypotension is mainly divided into five categories: 1. Primary hypotension, also known as constitutional hypotension, is more common in elderly people with unstable mood and weak constitution, and is more common in women; 2. Secondary hypotension, such as blood loss, shock, myocardial infarction, etc., is the result of reduced peripheral vascular resistance due to reduced blood volume; 3. Postural hypotension (that is, orthostatic hypotension), which occurs when standing for a long time or changing from supine position to upright position, is common in autonomic nerve disorder and caused by the use of certain drugs (such as antihypertensive drugs and hibernating spirit); 4. Hypotension caused by endocrine dysfunction is often caused by low sodium, decreased blood volume, and decreased heartbeat; 5. Hypotension caused by chronic consumptive diseases and malnutrition, such as tuberculosis, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease and severe diabetes.
Patients with senile hypotension often feel dizzy, dizzy, tired, headache, forgetfulness, palpitation, shortness of breath and poor sleep.
Medical research shows that it is normal for blood pressure to increase slightly with age. However, hypotension in the elderly is not good for health, because it often promotes the occurrence of ischemic stroke and becomes an indirect danger. This is because the elderly with low blood pressure have slow blood flow and high blood viscosity and coagulability, which makes the brain lack of blood supply and causes ischemia and hypoxia. In addition, arteriosclerosis narrows the vascular lumen and weakens the elasticity of the vascular wall, so it is easy to form thrombus and lead to ischemic stroke. In addition, too low blood pressure in the elderly can easily lead to fainting, wrestling and injury. In a word, hypotension in the elderly will obviously increase the mortality rate.
Hypotension is hereditary to a certain extent, and the risk of their children suffering from hypotension is relatively high. Patients with varicose veins are prone to hypotension, because at most half a liter of blood can be accumulated in dilated veins, and these blood can not participate in blood circulation, thus easily lowering blood pressure.
Precautions:
1, etiology and treatment. Strengthen nutrition for those who are physically weak; Treatment should be stepped up for those suffering from consumptive diseases such as tuberculosis; Drug-induced patients can stop using or adjust the dosage. If hypertensive patients feel uncomfortable because their blood pressure drops too fast after taking antihypertensive drugs, they should adjust the administration method and dosage under the guidance of doctors, or switch to mild antihypertensive drugs such as compound antihypertensive tablets, nifedipine or traditional Chinese medicine as needed, and stop using antihypertensive drugs if necessary; For patients with postural hypotension, be careful not to be too violent when standing from the prone position, or hold things by hand to prevent wrestling caused by hypotension.
2. Strengthen exercise appropriately. Life should be regular to prevent excessive fatigue, because extreme fatigue will lower blood pressure. To maintain a good mental state, properly strengthen exercise, improve physical fitness, improve the regulating function of nerves and blood vessels, accelerate blood circulation, and reduce the onset of orthostatic hypotension, the elderly should choose sports according to environmental conditions and their own physical conditions, such as Tai Ji Chuan, walking, aerobics, etc.
3, adjust the diet, diet therapy. It is not advisable to eat too much every meal, because too much will reduce the blood flowing back to the heart; Old people with low blood pressure can drink some light salt boiled water every morning, or eat a slightly salty diet to increase the amount of water. More water entering the blood can increase the blood volume, which can increase blood pressure; Drink tea in moderation, because caffeine in tea can excite the respiratory center and cardiovascular system; Moderate drinking (wine is the best, or beer is the best, not strong liquor) can excite sympathetic nerves, speed up blood flow, promote heart function and reduce blood viscosity.
Third, common sense of daily life prevention for patients with hypotension
1. Raising your head at night can relieve the symptoms of hypotension.
2. Exercise and enhance physical fitness. Usually develop the habit of exercise, a balanced diet, cultivate a cheerful personality, and ensure adequate sleep and a regular and normal life.
3. When you get up in the morning, you should change your posture slowly to prevent your blood pressure from dropping suddenly. You should not stand up suddenly, but turn around and stand up slowly. Don't bend and stretch your limbs too fast, for example, you should lift and lift heavy objects or stand up slowly after defecation. The temperature of bath water should not be overheated or supercooled, because heat can dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure, while cold can stimulate blood vessels and increase blood pressure. Take a shower often to speed up blood circulation, or wash your feet alternately with cold water and warm water. For the elderly with varicose veins of lower limbs, it is especially advisable to wear elastic socks, tights or bandages to strengthen venous return. Thin people should drink more water every day in order to increase blood volume.
4. Don't stand in a sultry or anoxic environment for too long to reduce the incidence. Patients with mild hypotension do not need medication if they have no symptoms. The severe cases are accompanied by obvious symptoms, so active treatment must be given to improve the symptoms, improve the quality of life and prevent serious harm.
Fourth, diet therapy for hypotension
1, strengthen nutrition, eat both meat and vegetables, reasonably match the diet, ensure the intake of comprehensive and sufficient nutrients, and make the physique gradually become strong from delicate. Eat more foods that tonify qi and blood and warm spleen and kidney, such as lotus seeds, longan, jujube, mulberry and other fruits, which have the power of nourishing heart and blood, strengthening spleen and nourishing brain, and can be eaten frequently. Stewed lean meat with ginseng, stewed mutton with angelica and stewed chicken with Tianqi are very beneficial to patients with hypotension. Drink more soup, drink more water and increase salt intake.
2. If anemia is accompanied by low red blood cell count and insufficient hemoglobin, it is appropriate to eat more foods rich in "hematopoietic raw materials" such as protein, iron, copper, folic acid, vitamin B 12 and vitamin C, such as pig liver, egg yolk, lean meat, milk, fish and shrimp, shellfish, soybeans, tofu, brown sugar and fresh vegetables and fruits. Correcting anemia is conducive to increasing cardiac output, improving blood supply to the brain, raising blood pressure and eliminating adverse symptoms caused by low blood pressure.
3, accompanied by eating less, it is appropriate to eat foods and condiments that can stimulate appetite, such as ginger, onion, vinegar, sauce, sugar, pepper, pepper, beer, wine and so on.
4. Contrary to hypertension, this disease should choose an appropriate diet with high sodium and cholesterol. Sodium chloride (that is, salt) needs to take enough12-15g per day (but the salt intake should not be too high). Foods such as brain, liver, eggs, cream, fish eggs, pig bones, etc., which contain more cholesterol, are often eaten in moderation, which is conducive to raising blood cholesterol concentration, increasing arterial tension and raising blood pressure.
5. Eat less red beans, gourd, wax gourd, watermelon, celery, hawthorn, bitter gourd, mung bean, garlic, kelp, onion, sunflower seeds and other foods with antihypertensive effect;