Figs are also called "fairy fruit", "fairy fruit", "taste fruit", "eyesight fruit" and "treasure fruit". From the name alone, figs are very nutritious, otherwise they will not be both immortal and precious. Indeed, figs are delicious, convenient to eat, popular and nutritious, which is very suitable for modern people's lifestyle and food nutrition policy. Fig actually has flowers, but it can't be seen from the outside, but the flower is not as beautiful as other flowers, just a fruit, but this fruit is actually a flower, a receptacle, which expands into a meatball. Because seeds are small and soft, they are often not felt when eaten raw. Pruning is the main management method for any fruit tree to achieve high, stable and high quality, and fig is no exception. I saw many people sharing the pruning method of fig, but I didn't find anyone pruning according to the variety of fig tree. In fact, different fig varieties have different pruning methods. Let's have a look.

To understand how figs are pruned, we must first understand the varieties of figs.

First of all, the varieties of figs

There are many varieties of figs, about 1000, but most of them bear fruit in summer and autumn, and the fruit is in 6? 1 1 month gradually matures. Figs usually grow on the axillary buds of the branches of the previous year, usually at 6? It ripens in July, with big fruit, few fruit and low yield, and is called Xia Guo. The fruits that grew on the axillary buds of branches usually ripened in August, and hung fruits while pulling branches. When the frost comes in June, they can stop growing 5438+065438+ 10. Small fruit, long fruiting time and high yield are called autumn fruit.

For example, Ficus carica, which is often planted in China, is less in Xia Guo and mainly produces autumn fruits. Mayi peach powder bears fruit in summer and autumn, but mainly in autumn. Fig "Lvkang 1" bears fruit in summer and autumn, mainly in Xia Guo. Xinjiang early yellow fig is a variety and autumn fruit in Xia Guo. From this point of view, fig varieties are generally divided into two types: those that mainly produce autumn fruits and those that are produced in both summer and autumn. Now let me introduce the characteristics of different pruning methods of these two methods.

Second, the pruning methods of different fruit varieties

1, Pruning method of fig tree with autumn fruit as the main part

In this fig tree, the improved shape of happy or natural happy shape, such as "V" shape, is mainly used for tree cultivation. Because autumn fruit was planted on the new shoots that grew in that year, and the new shoots that grew in that year were all extracted from the nodes of the branches of the previous year, when the branches were not cut short last year, the fruits on the branches with elongated terminal buds matured early. Therefore, the full-fruited mother branches after coring in the growing season are generally not cut short, and their characteristics of early maturity and early harvest should be exerted as much as possible.

If the vertex has many annual branches, you can choose to keep 1? Two as the later fruiting mother branches, the rest are all cut off from the base, that is, thinned out. For fig varieties with weak branching ability, because of the weak growth potential of branches, two-thirds of the total length of branches can be cut off from the selected fruiting mother branches, which is called short cutting to promote the fruiting of the lower branches. No matter how strong the lateral buds are, if the branches are not thinned or cut short, the branches will sprout and extend from the top every year, and the fruiting parts will gradually move away from the main branches, resulting in poor fruiting of figs and unable to make full use of the space in the crown. The lateral branches that move outward can be directly cut off from the base, so that the hidden buds nearby sprout new buds, and then the lateral branches are gradually updated.

This is a pruning of fig trees with autumn fruit as the main fruit. At the same time, some fig trees need both Xia Guo and autumn fruits, so how to prune such a variety for both summer and autumn?

2. Pruning method of fig tree for summer and autumn.

The fig trees with Xia Guo and autumn fruits should not only take care of the production in Xia Guo, but also give consideration to the yield of autumn fruits. However, the growth characteristics of different varieties of fig branches are different, so they should be treated differently when pruning.

For fig varieties with strong trees and erect new shoots, such as Green Peel, Xuan Ning, Blank and Penglai persimmon, it is more suitable to choose natural and happy pruning. Generally, thinning is the main method, supplemented by short cutting, and appropriate retraction and pruning are combined. When pruning, try to choose 1 year-old short branches with full growth, so that the Xia Guo near the terminal bud will mature and harvest, and then use the terminal bud as an extension branch to produce new shoots before bearing autumn fruits. If you don't want to use the above pruning methods, you can also choose some medium-long branches with annual growth of/kloc-0, and do appropriate retraction pruning as fruiting branches, and then leave them for 30 years. Cut off the top 50 cm to promote the germination and fruiting branches at the lower part, and avoid the empty cavity. All long and weak branches taper from the base.

For those fig varieties with moderate growth potential of new shoots and drooping branches, it is best to keep the tree shape short and adopt the horizontal "X" shape and cluster pruning method.

In Shandong province, the management of fig cultivation in the open field is extensive, and the branches on the main branches are too dense, which will affect the growth and fruit of fig trees. Therefore, a small number of branches should be thinned to improve the ventilation and light transmittance of trees, and when there is a large space around strong branches, branches can be cultivated by cutting them off. When there are some weak branches in the hole and lower part, it is not advisable to cut them short, because slender branches will still be produced after cutting them short. The general processing method is to put 1? 2 years, wait until the branches grow thick and then retract. In addition, because the fig tree itself has few branches, it should not be sparse.

In addition, pruning can also be carried out in the middle of the growth period of fig trees. Proper coring treatment of those vigorous branches can promote them to form fruiting branches. If the angle of the main branches is too large or too small, you can use ropes and small bamboo strips to pull or support the branches. A few branches that affect ventilation and light transmission can be removed from the parts where the branches are too dense. In short, fig trees can bear fruit in the same year, without age, and there are few pests and diseases. What's even more peculiar is that seedlings can bear a lot of fruits in the nursery that year, which is very rare in fruit trees. This excellent characteristic of fig is therefore loved by the majority of fruit farmers, which has aroused everyone's enthusiasm for planting. However, growers must pay attention to distinguish their own fig tree species, choose the appropriate pruning methods, and can not prune according to a fixed pattern, so as not to cause a decline in yield and quality.