1. Planting period Raspberry spring planting fall planting can be, spring planting in principle in the soil thawing seedlings before sprouting (March to April), this period in the maintenance of seedlings can not sprout under the premise of late planting is good, spring planting too early due to the soil temperature is low and unstable amplitude of the change in temperature, and not conducive to the growth of root system. Fall planting in principle is the raspberry seedlings mature lignification to the soil before freezing (October to December), the survival rate is higher.
2. Planting methods Raspberry planting methods are single planting and band planting. Single planting is suitable for sporadic open space planting next to the house, as well as the weaker black raspberry tiller. The planting spacing is 2 meters. Ribbon planting is suitable for large area planting, ribbon planting row spacing of 2.5 meters, plant spacing of 0.8 meters, 4950 plants per hectare. Non-buried cold areas of the row spacing can be appropriately reduced, but its effective spacing should be 1 meter, row spacing is too close will affect the ventilation and light, and field operations are inconvenient.
3. Planting Whether it is a single planting or strip planting, in order to early formation of lush clusters, as soon as possible to reach the yield density, to plant 2 to 3 plants per hole, planting seedlings per hectare of 9900 ~ 14850 is appropriate.
Before planting, the seedling root system should be soaked in water for 12 to 24 hours, so that the root system absorbs enough water to improve the survival rate. The requirement of planting is deep planting and shallow burying. Deep planting is that the root system of the seedling should be 10 to 15 centimeters from the ground; shallow burial is within 30 centimeters around the seedling, mulching should not exceed the original soil mark on the branch. The purpose of deep planting is because each year the newborn rhizome with the age of the tree moves upward year by year, and the root system underneath will age year by year, in order to ensure that the normal growth of the tree, so it is necessary to deep planting. The purpose of shallow burial is mainly to shorten the seedling slowing period and improve the survival rate.
Planting first dug a good planting hole, the seedling will be supported in the hole, and pay attention to the root system to unfold, and then buried to the original soil mark, step on the soil to make the root system and the soil close, and finally a one-time watering.
4. Racking tied to lead Although raspberries in addition to blackberries in other varieties are upright type, but because of the raspberry branches usually only two years of growth, so the branches and other fruit trees are relatively thin, when the branches grow to 1.5 meters easy to become bowed and touch the ground, especially in the fruiting period, there is heavy pressure on the fruits is more so. Branches touch the ground, first of all, the fruit was contaminated, affecting the quality of fruit and economic benefits; secondly, also to the soil, fertilizer, water and harvest management inconvenience, so the raspberries should be tied to lead the frame. Fettered by the frame can improve the leaf area coefficient, from the plane results into three-dimensional results, so that the branch distribution is uniform, improve ventilation and light conditions. This is also one of the important measures to increase the yield of raspberries.
The frame is very simple, in the line every 5 to 10 meters to set up a pillar, 1.2 to 1.5 meters high, and pull 2 wire line, the upper wire fixed at the top of the pillar, the lower wire from the ground 1 meter, the branch fan caused by the bondage to the wire can be.
5. Pruning Raspberries, like other fruit trees, to get a stable high yield, there must be enough reasonable amount of branches, which requires pruning.
The first pruning is the planting pruning in early spring. The overcrowding of thin and weak branches, broken branches should be cut off flush. When the new shoots of the current year grow to 40 to 60 centimeters, the density of smaller plants can be 10 centimeters centering, in order to promote the lateral buds sprouting new branches, increase the number of branches.
The second pruning is the pruning of the basal branch (i.e., the current year's new shoots), production practice shows that the basal branch cut in 1.3 to 1.5 meters is the most appropriate. This length not only promotes the growth of the fruiting parent branch, increased production, but also allows the basal branch in the second year flower buds fully differentiated, so when the basal branch more than 1.5 meters to be pruned. Each year, each bush can be selected to retain the growth of strong basal branches 6 to 8, the rest cut off.
The third pruning is at the end of the harvest, the fruiting mother branch should be flush thinning.
6. Fertilizer management Fertilizer should be applied in early autumn, when the growth of basal branches tends to slow down, the fruiting branch has been cut, and the root system began to enter the growth peak, this time the fertilizer can improve the soil nutrient conditions, to promote the growth of the root system for the second year of high yield to lay the foundation. Base fertilizer to rotted farmyard manure, but also can be added to the appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers, such as urea, ammonium phosphate and so on. Fertilizer is applied on the side of 40-60 cm from the plant, about 0.7 kg of fertilizer per plant. To mix the base fertilizer with the soil, the next year when the fertilizer is replaced to the other side of the plant.
Fertilizer twice, mainly according to the characteristics of the raspberry season needs to supplement the quick-acting fertilizer. The first fertilizer in the flowering to the formation of young fruits, to nitrogen fertilizer, mainly to promote the growth of basal branches and fruit expansion. The second fertilizer is in the late fruit harvest, the fertilizer to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer-based, the purpose is to promote the growth of basal branch full, to lay the foundation for the next year's high yield. An average of 50 grams of fertilizer per plant, fertilizer in 50 cm from the plant side of the fertilizer, it is best to cover a thin layer of soil. In areas where drought and lack of rain are not suitable for soil fertilization, extra-root fertilization can be carried out.
Spring budding period, flowering period in case of drought, to pay extra attention and timely watering to ensure yield. Raspberries are shallow-rooted plants, and a wetting depth of about 40 centimeters is sufficient. Attention should also be paid to timely drainage during the rainy season and in flooded areas. In the north, you can irrigate once with freezing water to increase the water storage capacity of the soil in the following spring. In dry areas can be covered with some straw, weeds, leaves and other organic matter around the raspberries, which can reduce water evaporation, but also increase soil fertility.
7. Winterization of cold prevention cold prevention time should not be too early, generally in the early winter after several early frosts, the soil is not completely frozen before. Burying the soil against the cold, the first raspberry basal branches according to the requirements of the cut, along the line in one direction straight down, on the branch bends should be piled up pillow soil, in order to prevent the burial of the soil after the heavy pressure fracture. Burying the soil first in the base of the branch on both sides of the buried soil, such as time permitting interval of a few days and then above the buried soil, so as to avoid burying the soil too early, buried soil should be patted to prevent wind penetration, take the soil in the plant 1 meter away, to prevent injuries to the roots. Spring withdrawal time is generally in 10 cm ground temperature stabilized at 3 ~ 5 ℃, to withdraw both sides of the soil and then withdraw the upper side of the soil, in order to prevent injury to the young shoots, after the withdrawal of the soil in a timely manner will be led to the branches on the wire.
8. Other management raspberry garden can be 2 ~ 3 times a year in the plow weeding, loosening the soil in addition to early, in addition to the small, in addition to the use of alachlor, glyphosate, cimazolium, Ligulon and other chemical herbicides (refer to the instructions for use). At the same time in order to improve the utilization of land and economic efficiency, to solve the land organic fertilizer sources, can be planted in the raspberry garden some annual dwarf green manure crops, such as beans, potatoes, vegetables and so on.
Raspberry berries ripe, such as fresh food near the sale, need to be in the berry nine minutes ripe when picking, and the use of small packages; if it is the industrial deep processing can be fully ripe after the fruit harvest.