Production line is a certain type of parts group as the object of a multi-species production organization. It has the necessary machinery and equipment to complete the processing of these same kinds of parts, these equipment and workplace is according to the production line of most parts or the main parts of the process route and the proportion of process labor to arrange and configure. The production line is not like the assembly line as strictly according to the beat for production, can not be used in large quantities of specialized high-efficiency equipment and tools, can not guarantee a high degree of continuity of the process, but it has greater flexibility to adapt to the needs of multi-species production.

Basic introduction Chinese name : production line Foreign name : Production line Type : Route Source : North of England Species : Product line and parts production line History of the origin, type, line balance, definition of terms, meaning, line balance rate, improvement methods, flexibility characteristics, automation, development trends, technology dependence, related products, History of the origin Once upon a time in the north of England, there was a man named Eyre in a small town, and he was a man named Eyre. Once upon a time in a small town in the north of England, a man named Ivy owned a fish and chip store. Once upon a time in a small town in the north of England, a man named Ivy owned a fish and chip shop, where each customer had to wait in line to order his or her food (such as cod, chips, pea paste, and a cup of tea), and then each customer waited for his or her plate to be filled and sat down to eat. The fried potato chips at Ivy's were the best in town, and a long line would line the store at noon on every market day. So when the wood store next door closed, Ivy rented it. They couldn't afford to add another serving counter; Ivy's codfish and Bert's fried potato chips were the main sellers inside the store. But then they came up with a clever solution. They lengthened the counter, and Ivy, Bert, Dionysus and Mary stood in a row. When customers came in, Ivy gave them a plate of fish, then Bert added fried potato chips, Dionysus served pea paste, and finally Mary poured the tea and took the money. The customers kept moving; while one customer was getting the pea paste, the one behind him was already getting the fried potato wedges, and the one behind him was already getting the fish. Some of the poorer villagers don't eat pea paste-but that's all right; these customers get a smile from Dionysus, too. This shortened the line, and before long they bought the store across the street and added more tables. This is the assembly line. Splitting jobs that are repetitive in nature into several series of parts allows the work to move among the workers, and each skilled worker only needs to get his part of the job done in sequence. Although the total time each customer waits for service remains the same, four customers can be served at the same time, thus tripling the number of customers that can be taken care of during the lunch hour on market days. Types The types of production lines are categorized into product lines and parts lines according to the size of their scope, running lines and non-running lines according to their pace, and automated lines and non-automated lines according to the degree of automation. The main products of the production line or most of the products of the process route and the proportion of process labor, determines a production line has for the completion of the processing of certain products necessary for the task of the machine and equipment, machine and equipment, the arrangement of the arrangement of workplaces and so on. Production line has a greater flexibility, can adapt to the needs of multi-species production; in can not be used under the conditions of production line, the organization of the production line is a more advanced form of production organization; in the product variety of more complex specifications, the number of parts and components, the production of each product is not much, the lack of machinery and equipment in the enterprise, the use of production lines can achieve good economic results. Production line balancing Production line balancing mainly includes the definition of production line balancing, the significance of production line balancing, the calculation of process balancing rate, and the improvement principles and methods of production line balancing. Definition of Terms The "beat" (Cycle time) of a process refers to the interval time between the completion of the same two products (or two services, or two batches of products) in succession. In other words, the average time it takes to complete a product. Cycle time is usually only used to define the time per unit of output for a specific process or segment of a process. If products must be made in batches, the beat refers to the time between batches. In process design, if a process is given in advance each day (or other unit of time) must be the output, the first thing to consider is the process of the beat. And usually the slowest production beat in a process called "bottleneck" (Bottleneck). Bottlenecks in a process not only limit the output rate of a process, but also affect the production capacity of other parts of the process. More broadly, bottlenecks are factors that constrain output throughout a process. For example, in some cases, there may be insufficient manpower to utilize, raw materials are not available in time, equipment failure at a certain point, information flow blockage, etc., all of which may become bottlenecks. As the literal meaning of the word "bottleneck" is that the size of the opening of a bottle determines the speed at which the liquid flows out of it, bottlenecks in the production process constrain the speed of output of the entire process. Bottlenecks can also "drift", depending on the product being produced or the labor and equipment being used at a given time. Therefore, they need to be taken into account both in the process design and later in the day-to-day operation of the production. Another concept associated with beats and bottlenecks is idle time in a process. Idle time is the time during working hours when no valid tasks are performed, and can refer to either equipment or human time. Idle time occurs in processes other than the bottleneck process when the processes in a process are not synchronized. This requires balancing of the production process. In manufacturing, production lines are mostly continuous multi-process lines that have been subdivided, where the division of labor simplifies the difficulty of the work and makes it easier to increase the proficiency of the work, thus improving the efficiency of the work. However, after such a subdivision of the work, the operating time of each process in theory, in reality, can not be exactly the same, which will inevitably exist between the process beat inconsistency bottleneck phenomenon. In addition to the unnecessary loss of man-hours, it also causes a large number of processes to pile up, i.e., the occurrence of stock-outs. The production is suspended. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to average the working time of each process and standardize the work so that the production line can move smoothly. "Production line process balancing" means averaging all the processes of production and adjusting the load of each operation so that the time of each operation is as similar as possible. It is the most important issue that must be considered in production process design and operation standardization. The purpose of production line process balance is to balance the production line to use the site more easily understand the need for "a flow" and "small cell production" (Cell production) preparation method, which is the basis of all new theories and new methods. Significance 1. Improve the efficiency of operators and equipment; 2. Consumption of working hours of single product, reduce costs (equivalent to increase per capita production) 3. Reduce the work in progress of the process, the real realization of "one stream"; 4. Realize the cell production on the basis of the balanced production line, improve the ability of production contingency to respond to market changes, the realization of flexible production system; 5. Flexible production system; 5. Through the balanced production line, all IE methods such as program analysis, action analysis, planning (Layout) analysis, handling analysis, time analysis, etc. can be applied comprehensively to improve the comprehensive quality of the whole staff. Line balance rate To measure the total balance of the process state of good or bad, we must set a quantitative value to express, that is, the balance of the production line or balance loss rate, expressed as a percentage. First of all, it should be clear that, although the length of the process time of each process is different, but as mentioned earlier, to determine the operating cycle of the production line of the process time is only one, that is, the longest process time Pitch time, that is to say, Pitch time is equal to the beat (cycle time). Another calculation method can also get cycle time, that is, from the average production per hour, to find a product CT (Q, hourly production). 1. Equilibrium formula for production line Equilibrium rate = (sum of process time / (number of stations * CT)) * 100 = (∑ti / (number of stations * CT)) * 100 2. Equilibrium loss rate formula for production line Equilibrium loss rate = 1 - Equilibrium rate Improvement method The basic principle of equilibrium rate improvement is to adjust the contents of the process to make the operating time of each process close to or reduce this deviation. The implementation can follow the following methods: 1. First of all, the bottleneck process should be considered to improve the operation, the operation improvement method, can refer to the program analysis of the improvement method and action analysis, tooling automation, and other IE methods and means; 2. Share the operation content of the bottleneck process to the other processes; 3. Increase the number of operators, as long as the balance rate increases, the per capita output is equal to the same as the improvement, and the cost per unit of product is also reduced; 4. 4. Consolidate related processes and rearrange the production process, which is relatively easy to balance in the case of a large number of operations; 5. Decompose the process with a short operating time and arrange the process into other processes. The guide to production line balancing mainly includes the definition of production line balancing, the significance of production line balancing, the calculation of process balancing rate, and the improvement principles and methods of production line balancing. In summary, it can be summarized as "delete, merge, simplify, rearrange"; delete redundant operations, merge long and short processes and then average, simplify complex operations through equipment or tooling, and rearrange the production process; Flexible features Flexible production line is mainly designed to adapt to today's market orders of multiple varieties, small batch, frequent production line changes, the flexibility of the flexible production line, the combination of the building block structure, to adapt to the process of product variation in the shortest possible time, and to adapt to the production process of product changeover. The flexibility of flexible production line and its building block structure can adapt to the process of product transformation in the shortest time and allow production to resume in time. The products are widely used in automobile industry, electronic manufacturing industry, communication industry, bio-engineering, pharmaceutical industry, military industry, all kinds of chemical industry, precision hardware and other diversified production links. Modularization: The wire rod products can be assembled, connected, and combined in a block structure at will, which is convenient for reorganization and flexibility: simple structure, easy disassembly and assembly to give full play to one's creativity, and can definitely satisfy the diversified manufacturing of modern enterprises' regular products. Simplicity: the use of small workspace, inventory of the force is very large, docking volume of small and medium-sized enterprises have a great deal of help. Humanization: Flexible workbench can make several people's workstations for one person to do a good job, the completion of the time faster. Environmentally friendly : Processing eliminates grinding, welding, surface treatment, and each can be recycled to eliminate waste panel can choose wood, (PVC board, the surface of the optional anti-static gelatin. Antistatic fireproof board, stainless steel, etc.) or slide type work board. Flexible production line is also known as production line, production line outside the program line, lean tube production line, wire rod production line! Automation The automation of the production line has the following steps: 1. First determine the beat time: no matter what kind of products, all in its must be completed in just the right time to manufacture. 2. 2. Unit process: only for a product, the unit parts handling, assembly, processing and material pickup. 3. Pilot: A device that allows the production to know the beat time visually. 4. U-shape production line: Arrange the equipment counterclockwise according to the order of the project, and one person is responsible for the exit and entrance. 5. AB control: Only when there is no product in the latter part of the project and there is a product in the former part of the project, the project will be carried out. 6. Light signal: a device to communicate the abnormalities of the products in the production line process. 7. Post-engineering: The products of the production line should be in accordance with the demand of the post-engineering. The development trend ① Continue to large-scale development. Large-scale including large conveying capacity, large single length and large conveying inclination and so on several aspects. The length of hydraulic conveyor has reached more than 440 kilometers. The length of a single belt conveyor has nearly 15 kilometers, and has appeared by a number of units to contact the A and B two places of the "belt conveyor". Many countries are exploring long distances, large capacity continuous transportation of materials and more perfect conveyor structure. ② Expand the scope of use of the conveyor. The development of high temperature, low temperature conditions, corrosive, radioactive, flammable substances working in the environment, as well as conveying hot, explosive, easy to agglomerate, sticky materials conveyor. ③ so that the structure of the conveyor to meet the material handling system automation control on the requirements of a single machine. Such as the post office used to automatically sort packages of trolley-type conveyor should be able to meet the requirements of the sorting action. Reducing energy consumption to save energy has become an important aspect of scientific research in the field of conveyor technology. The energy consumed by conveying 1 kilometer of 1 ton of material has been taken as one of the important indexes of conveyor selection. ⑤ Reduce the dust, noise and exhaust gas produced by various conveyors during operation. Technology Dependence Our production line company attracts new and old customers with high quality, low price and excellent service. But behind the rapid development of China's production line industry, alarming is a large number of high technical content of the complete sets of equipment still rely on imports, a large amount of foreign exchange each year for the import of complete sets of high-end equipment. Such as plastic film bi-directional stretching equipment, a production line of nearly 100 million yuan, from the 1970s began to introduce, so far, the domestic successive imports of such production lines 110. In addition, there is a large number of product industry to use the aseptic potato chips production line food packaging boxes, filling equipment are almost all for the Swedish Tetra Pak a company to provide. Industry experts believe that China's production line food packaging machinery to foreign high-end technology over-reliance, has been a serious constraint on China's production line industry sustained, stable development. Related Products PVC (PE) porous pipe because of its cross-section into a plum-shaped, this is actually a kind of plastic machinery. Therefore, it is also called plum blossom pipe or honeycomb pipe. Because of its unique porous structure, it has strong impact resistance, compression resistance, high toughness, and realizes the characteristics of wire and pipe barrier isolation, etc. It also has the characteristics of simple construction, fast cable penetration, strong adaptability to the construction environment, and reduced project investment. Now widely used in telecommunications, electric power and broadcasting sector cable, fiber optic cable laying and other fields.