Summary: In recent years, China's major tea-producing provinces (districts), has generally promoted mechanical tea picking, and achieved the desired results. Performance: ① improve labor efficiency, reduce costs; ② increase yield, improve tree strength; ③ timely picking, improve quality. According to experimental research and survey total to show that the main cultivation and management techniques of the machine tea plantations have the following aspects.

1. Reasonable pruning

Single and double rows of tea plantations are the main planting of tea trees in China. Due to the establishment of the garden time of the early and late and cultivate the management of the differences, the growth of the situation is very different, so before the implementation of machine picking, must be differentiated between different forms of pruning, in order to adapt to the requirements of the machine picking. Mu of dry tea production of more than 150 kilograms of high-yield stable production of tea plantations, fluffy neat, good potential, before the machine picking, only light pruning can be; on the establishment of poor foundation, mismanagement, tree weakness, showing the aging of the tea plantations, must be pruned first deep pruning, to be restored to the tree and then after the machine picking.... For young tea gardens or Taiwan mowing, heavy pruning tea gardens, machine picking after stereotypical pruning. In order to adapt to the requirements of machine picking, tea tree trimming can not be omitted, such as 1.5 meters spacing of the strip planted tea plantations, usually leaving 20 cm of the operation of the road, picking width to maintain 130-140 cm. Machine picking tea tree height should not exceed 80 centimeters. In order to overcome the consecutive years of machine picking and the emergence of the leaf layer thinning, the density of new shoots increased, buds and leaves become smaller, on the clamping of leaves increased drawbacks, should be carried out in 3-5 years of a deep pruning: in the spring after the end of the tea cut off the tree crown surface _ on the 15 centimeters of the branches and leaves, to be the summer tea when the new shoots grow to 15 centimeters or more, leaving 10 centimeters at the machine picking.

2. Increase fertilizer

Survey tests show that: mu of dry tea production of more than 150 kilograms of tea plantations, the main indicators of soil fertility should be maintained in: organic matter 1.5% or more, 0.1% or more of total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus 10 mg / kg or more, quick-acting potassium 80 mg / kg or more. If the pure nitrogen calculation, harvesting 400 kilograms of fresh leaves, need to replenish 12.5 kilograms of pure nitrogen. Machine-picked tea due to concentrated production, picking intensity, the amount of fertilizer should be increased by about one-third on this basis.

3. Moderate machine picking

Moderate machine picking includes two aspects of machine picking batch and how many leaves. It is closely related to the tea tree varieties, age and cultivation management level. Usually, the ability to produce buds strong tea tree varieties and fertilization level of tea tree can be more than a number of batch of machine picking, strong age of tea tree can be more than the young tea tree. Zhejiang Province, the general practice of tea plantations is the number of annual machine picking batches in 6-8 batches, i.e., 2 batches of spring tea, 2 batches of summer tea, autumn tea 2-4 batches. Autumn tea varies greatly, depending on whether there is a drought in the fall of the year. China's current sexual group planting a large proportion of tea gardens, tea plants between the germination of early and late difference is obvious, even asexual varieties, due to the different parts of the tea buds are born, germination is also sequential. In view of this situation, many production units in the spring tea in the early stage, using hand-picked part of the tea for frying famous tea; later and then machine-picked. This not only improves economic efficiency, but also in the machine picking to improve the neatness of the new shoots, reduce the rate of stems.

Machine picking of the appropriate period of time, pounding tea is generally selected in the tea leaves to reach 80% when mining, summer and fall tea mastered in 60% or so is good. Machine picking tea garden leaves, to the bulk of black and green tea, for example, Hunan, Anhui's experience is that the new shoots to grow to a bud of three or four leaves period, picking a bud of two or three leaves, so that you can achieve the effect of double excellence in yield and quality. Some production units in the machine picking 2 - 4 years later, raising - season of fall tea, in order to restore the tree, increase the thickness of the leaf layer. Machine picking tea garden leaf area index, it is appropriate to maintain between 3 and 4.

4. Selection of good seed

Tests have shown that suitable for machine picking of tea with asexual seed, should be selected with strong and neat germination, tea buds fat, long internodes, leaf posture upright and other traits of the seed, such as long and well 43, welcome frost, Zhennong 12, Fuding big white tea, water tea, cloud resistance 10, 14, chinking leaf Qi, Yinghong 1, Anhui 1, Biyun and other varieties, these varieties are suitable for machine picking. These varieties are suitable for machine picking. Tea tree special fertilizer is based on the characteristics of tea tree fertilizer absorption and red soil characteristics of tea plantations developed, the most suitable for the application of red soil tea plantations. According to the test, tea 1 tea tree special fertilizer can promote growth, improve the proportion of buds and leaves, increase the spring and summer tea, than the non-fertilizer yield increase of three or four percent; than the conventional fertilizer yield increase of one and a half percent to improve the quality of tea 1 - 2 levels.

Tea tree special fertilizer application requirements are as follows:

5. Appropriate early application

Tea tree special fertilizer royal granular, and a certain strength, only applied to the soil to fully absorb water in order to gradually release the nutrients, so its dissolution and release of nutrients than the monomer of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer to be much slower, with a slow effect, less loss, after-effects of the characteristics of the long

. Therefore, the special fertilizer than monomer nitrogen fertilizer need to advance a week or 10 or so, the application effect is better. Such as spring germination fertilizer application, it is appropriate to carry out in early March to play the role of germination, as a base fertilizer application, it is appropriate to apply at the beginning of October, can play a good overwintering effect.

6. Appropriate deep application

In order to prevent the loss of fertilizer, to appropriate deep application. When used as a fertilizer, young tea gardens should be applied to a depth of 5-7 cm; adult picking tea gardens 8 - 12 cm deep. If used as a base fertilizer deep to about 20 cm. Fertilizer must be applied to the ditch or hole, sprinkle (or face) will greatly reduce its fertilizer effect.

7. Soil thousands of drought does not declare the application

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the vast tea areas, summer and autumn often "drought", soil drought, fertilizer is not easy to play, in addition, during the drought because of fertilizer is too centralized and easy to make the inter-root local concentration of excessively high and caused by the fertilizer damage, therefore, the dry season of drought is not suitable for the application of special fertilizers to be ahead of time! To the drought before the application, or delayed to the drought after the application.

8. According to the production of fertilizer.

The main nutrient content of tea tree special fertilizer, is the general level of tea garden fertilizer nutrient restitution law formulated. The amount of fertilizer shall be based on the tea production, to the tea 1 fertilizer, for example, every 100 kg of tea harvested, need to be applied back to the tea garden 100.kg of fertilizer, divided into four times the finished: 40% of the base fertilizer in the fall and winter, 24% of the spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer accounted for 18%. For example, the mu yield of 150 kg of dry tea of the red soil tea garden, the annual application of 150 kg of fertilizer in tea No. 1, of which 60 kg of autumn and winter in October, 36 kg in early March, summer and autumn tea each 27 kg.

9. Soil diagnostic fertilization

Red loam tea plantation soil agrochemical properties are consistent, but different fertility levels of nutrient content is still a big difference, the conditions of the tea area in the production and application of tea tree fertilizer before the special, to ask the relevant research units and fertilizer plant agrochemical services on the soil to determine the results of the determination of the adjustment of the proportion of nutrient elements and the type of micronutrients, specializing in the production of. Specialized production, so that the tea tree special fertilizer more targeted to play a better effect. All kinds of tea tree special fertilizer have a certain degree of hygroscopicity, straight put dry, ventilated without direct sunlight place to save.