Day lily, also called day lily, is a perennial herb. Take the flower bud as the edible part. Buds are rich in various nutrients and are deeply loved by people. Daylily is often eaten with dried flower buds, and fresh yellow flowers can also be boiled and fried in hot water, but it should not be eaten too much because it contains alkaloids. Dried day lily is one of the main vegetables to earn foreign exchange by export, and it is a kind of vegetable with great development prospect in the north. Daylily is especially suitable for planting in mountainous areas, mid-mountainous areas, corners and wasteland, and can also be used as a fruit tree in intercropping crops. Because the root system is deep, it has a certain effect of soil fixation and water conservation, which can effectively prevent soil erosion and improve the ecological environment.

Biological characteristics of 1

1. 1 daylily has a wide adaptability to temperature, and the aboveground parts are not cold-resistant and wither after frost. The shortened stems and roots in the underground part have strong cold resistance and can withstand the low temperature of -30℃. Therefore, it can safely overwinter in all parts of our city. Bolting flowering requires high temperature, generally 20-25℃. If the temperature difference between day and night is large, it will grow vigorously, with thick flowers and many buds.

1.2 day lily has a well-developed root system, the root depth can reach more than 1.3- 1.7 meters, the fleshy root has more water and strong drought tolerance, so it can be planted on hillside. However, after bolting, the soil needs to be moist, and the water demand is the highest in the flowering period. If conditions permit, irrigation should be carried out at the flowering period to improve the flower bud yield. Long-term water accumulation in the field will affect the growth of roots and be prone to diseases. Therefore, drainage in rainy season should be paid attention to in low-lying and waterlogged plots.

1.3 day lily has wide adaptability to light intensity, can grow normally in semi-shady places, and can be intercropped with tall crops. Planting between fruit trees can also make full use of the land. But it grows more vigorously in sunny places, especially in flowering period, where there is plenty of sunshine and more and more buds. Continuous rain during flowering will cause a large number of buds to fall.

1.4 day lily has wide adaptability to soil and is barren, and can grow even in mild alkaline soil. However, in the soil with loose soil and high fertility, the seed value grows vigorously and the yield is high.

2 cultivation techniques

2. 1 reproduction

There are two propagation methods of day lily, that is, dividing plant method and sowing method, but the dividing plant method is often used in production. The specific method is: dividing plants before pulling out the flower moss or after budding in spring. Select plants with vigorous growth, many buds, good quality and no pests and diseases, cut off some plants with roots from shortened stems, cut off aged roots and thick fleshy roots, and cut off roots properly to plant. When excavating, minimize the damage to the remaining plants. Generally, the part cut by ramets occupies one side of the whole plant cluster, and ramets can be cut on the other side of the plant cluster after several years. You can also use old plants and dig them out for ramet propagation, but the growth potential is not strong and the yield is low.

2.2 Colonization

Although the soil requirements of day lily are not strict, it will grow for more than 10 years once planted, so we should pay attention to the selection of planting sites, generally choose flat land with low groundwater level or sloping land with good irrigation and drainage conditions. Dig more than 30 cm before planting. In order to maintain soil and water, terraces should be built when planting on hillsides. Land preparation should be leveled and raked, ridges with a width of 70cm should be raised, planting pits with a depth of 25cm and a diameter of 30cm should be dug, and organic fertilizer should be applied in the pits to mix well with the soil. Sow in early June, 2-3 plants in each pit, pour bottom water, cover the soil after seepage, and make the roots buried in the soil 10- 15 cm. Cultivate 3500-4000 day lilies per mu.

2.3 Site management

After slowly planting seedlings, intertillage weeding is often carried out to prevent the combination of grass shortage and weeding. Starting from the second year, before emergence, intertillage 1 time per year, with a depth of about 12- 13 cm, and apply quick-acting fertilizer once, which can make the seedlings stout and tidy. Before bolting, 65,438+0 shallow intertillage with a depth of 6-7 cm was carried out between rows, and the second topdressing was carried out with quick-acting fertilizer to make the flower moss thick, branch early and germinate early. Quick-acting fertilizer is still used for the third topdressing in the vigorous harvest period, especially in the plots with poor soil layer. This top dressing has obvious yield-increasing effect. Available nitrogen is the main topdressing in each period, but phosphorus and potassium fertilizer need to be applied together. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied in a partial way, otherwise the leaves are too tender and will cause disease.

July-August is the flowering period of day lily, which is very sensitive to water. At this time, if the soil moisture is insufficient, it will easily lead to short and thin buds and high bud dropping rate. Therefore, water supply should be guaranteed at this time. Irrigation once every 7 days in dry period to keep the soil moist. Before the summer drought, hoe the topsoil to reduce water evaporation and enhance water retention. In addition, spraying hormones and foliar fertilizers after the emergence of day lily buds is also very beneficial to maintain and strengthen the buds.

The yield of day lily is the highest and stable from the eighth year to the fifteenth year after planting, and it will decline after eighteen years, so it needs to be renewed and rejuvenated. Harvest should be timely, and it must be harvested 4 hours before flowering to obtain high yield.

2.4 Strengthen pest control

2.4. 1 disease control

Day lily is prone to rust, leaf blight and root rot during its growth. These diseases mostly occur in warm, rainy and humid fields. Therefore, it can't be planted too densely, and it is easy to get sick if the density is high and the ventilation is not good; Poor drainage, soil hardening, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and tender leaves are all easy to be infected with diseases.

Rust: At the early stage of the disease, small spots appeared on the leaves and then spread to the whole plant. Cover the flower moss with rust toner, and control it with 15% triadimefon 1500 times solution.

Leaf blight: At the early stage of the disease, water-soaked spots appeared on the middle edge of the leaves, which gradually spread upward and downward to form brown stripes, and finally turned gray, and in severe cases, the whole leaves died. It can be controlled by 500-600 times of 65% zineb wettable powder, or by chlorothalonil, antiviral alum and chlorpheniramine. Spray once every 7- 10 day, and spray for 2-3 times continuously. But spraying is not allowed during flower picking.

Root rot: mycelium and sclerotia appear in the stems of plants, and the roots and shortened stems rot, leading to plant death. At the initial stage of the disease, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800- 1000 times or 77% propargite wettable powder or mixed solution of carbendazim and mancozeb can be sprayed.

2.4.2 Pest control: The main pests of day lily are red spiders and aphids. Spiders can be controlled by acaricide, and aphids can be controlled by omethoate, Great Hero and Kangfuduo.