Cultivars of bergamot
1, green bark species
Strong growth potential, thick and long vines, many fruits, high yield, and can produce tuberous roots. Melon is long and big, with thorns on it and dark green skin. The quality is slightly inferior.
2, white skin species
The growth potential is weak, the vines are tired and short, the fruits are few, and the yield is low. Melon is round and small, smooth and white. The structure is compact and the quality is good. Yunnan, Xiangjiang and other provinces are cultivated.
The above two species are fingered citron varieties planted in the south.
3, Guling palm melon
The plant climbs and grows, with strong branching, palm-shaped pentagonal leaves and female flowers on each node of the main side vine. Melon-pear shape, green skin, smooth, shiny, no meat thorn, dense meat and good quality. Medium maturity, strong disease resistance. The weight of a single fruit is 200g, and the yield of each plant is 70kg.
4. White-skinned bergamot
The plant climbs and grows with strong branching, and the first female flower is inserted in the ninth leaf node of the main vine. The melon is flat pear-shaped, with light green skin, white-green mature melon, irregular furrows and no prickly hair. The meat is dense and crisp, with less water and good quality. The single fruit weighs 250 grams. The yield per mu is 3000-3500 kg.
Planting method of bergamot
1.Biological characteristics
Chaenomeles is a short-day plant, which likes warmth, high temperature resistance and shade tolerance. It can grow normally only when the temperature is above 20℃, and the suitable temperature for growth is 20℃ ~ 23℃. When the ground temperature is below 5℃, the roots will die, and when the ground temperature is above 35℃, the growth will be obviously inhibited. Chaenomeles has large leaves and strong evaporation, and needs more water, especially in the high temperature period from July to August, so it is necessary to ensure high air humidity and soil humidity. The vines of bergamot are highly branched, and there are many fruits on the vine and the sun vine. As long as there is enough water and fertilizer, there are few vacancies on the vine and the sun vine.
2. Planting time of bergamot
Generally, it will be broadcast live in the open field in late April, and can be harvested and listed in August. When cultivated in greenhouse or greenhouse, seedlings can be raised or directly broadcast from late February to early March.
3. Method of fingered citron seedling raising
There are only 1 seed in the fruit of bergamot, and the seed coat is connected with the pulp, which is not easy to separate. After the seeds are peeled off, they are easy to shrivel and cannot germinate, so the whole melon is used for sowing.
The common method of accelerating germination is: using a sharp knife to cut along the concave groove at the top of the melon, so that cotyledons can be easily pulled out to promote germination, sowing them directly in the planting hole, covering with loose soil for 2 ~ 3 cm, so that the melon 1/3 is buried in the soil, and 2/3 is exposed outside the soil, so as to accelerate penetration. After the seedlings grow, as long as the leaves are not severely wilted, they are generally not watered to prevent the seeds from rotting or the seedlings from growing in vain. When the seedlings are 20 cm high, they can be planted.
Step 4: Planting
Planting 25 ~ 30 plants per mu, with 5 m× 5 m plant spacing. Dig cylindrical planting pits with a depth of 70cm and a diameter of 1 m, and apply 25kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of plant ash and 2kg of calcium superphosphate into each pit, fully mix, plant seedlings, water and fill the soil.
5. Field management
Chaenomeles has large leaves and strong evaporation, especially in the high temperature period from July to August, so it is necessary to ensure high air humidity and soil humidity. Poor growth in drought, but water in rainy season is also easy to rot roots.
(1) Water and fertilizer management. Water should be controlled before June in open field cultivation, and after July, the plant growth will be accelerated. It is necessary to keep the soil moist and topdressing 1 time after planting, and topdressing 1 time every month thereafter. When fertilizing, an annular fertilizing ditch is dug 60 cm away from the plant, and 5 kg of human excrement, calcium superphosphate 1 kg or 2 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each plant; As the plant grows up, the fertilization distance becomes farther and farther.
(2) Erection in time. Fingered citron is extremely climbing, and each node can germinate lateral branches, so it should be erected in time. It is best to build a flat shed with a height of 2.5 ~ 3 meters.
(3) heat preservation and overwintering. Chaenomeles can't overwinter in the north. If you want to carry out perennial cultivation, after harvesting, you can keep the melon vines for about 3 meters, put them at the base of the plant, pour frozen water in winter, and cover them with wheat straw to keep warm, so that they can overwinter in an environment above 5℃.
6. Harvest and storage
Generally, fingered citron can bloom in about 80 days after sowing, and can be harvested in15 ~ 20 days after flowering. Generally, it is appropriate to harvest a single melon with a weight of 0.2 ~ 0.3 kg.