1) The causes of these two deformities are:
1. Congenital developmental abnormality -- in the fetus or infancy, the development of the sternum and vertebrae and ribs is unbalanced, resulting in the deformity of the thorax.
2. Malnutrition -- after birth, infants and young children do not get enough nutrition, suffering from certain malnutritional diseases, such as pediatric rickets, which can affect the development of the sternum and other development, resulting in thoracic deformity.
3. Diseases secondary to thoracic cavity - such as certain congenital heart disease, the enlarged heart oppression of the chest wall, the formation of chicken chest deformity. Flat chest deformity due to chronic pyothorax, etc.
2) The harm of these two deformities
Generally mild thoracic deformity has little effect on the physiological function of the human body, and preventive measures should be taken to prevent its further development. If the thoracic deformity is more serious, especially funnel chest, the thoracic organs heart and lungs are compressed to varying degrees, and even cause the heart to shift, and the lung ventilation function is also affected, and if it develops further, it is also prone to respiratory tract infections and other serious diseases.
3) Diagnosis and treatment of these two deformities:
1. The diagnosis of funnel chest and chicken chest is made through thoracic diagnosis, and in order to determine whether there are indications for surgical treatment, the necessary chest X-ray examination and determination of cardio-cerebral function should also be carried out. The combination of funnel chest and chicken chest with severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction is not common, and the deformity is not serious in young children, and can be corrected with age and physical development. This situation does not require special treatment, can be observed until after 3 - 5 years of age, and pay attention to the prevention and treatment of the primary disease rickets.
2. For serious deformities, especially funnel chest combined with severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction of the child, surgical treatment should be given. These surgeries should be performed in specialized hospitals by experienced doctors.
4) Treatment of funnel chest
Traditional treatment: Surgery to correct funnel chest began in the 1970s in foreign countries, and was also carried out in the 1980s in China. Surgery for young children at a low age gradually matured in the nineties. In the past, the conventional method of treating funnel chest was to make a longitudinal and transverse incision of a window of about 10 centimeters in the anterior chest, remove the deformed ribs and then fix them with steel pins. Surgery is traumatic, bleeding, and because the integrity of the child's thorax is destroyed, the lung function is severely affected in a short period of time, which can lead to bronchial obstruction, pulmonary atelectasis resulting in severe hypoxia.
In addition, after the surgery, the corrected thorax is not fixed before the growth of bone growth due to voluntary respiratory movements, resulting in surgical failure. This type of surgery is difficult to deal with in the perioperative period, the surgical risk is very high, and there are many complications. The traditional treatment method at home and abroad mostly adopts the steel pin sternal elevation surgery, which has unsatisfactory results. At present, the practiced and improved surgery adopts double steel plate sternal elevation method, and the level of surgery is obviously improved with good effect. In fact, the effect of surgery also depends on the level of medical equipment, such as ventilators, monitors, lung function monitoring means. With the continuous development of medical technology, advanced medical equipment and personnel training level of improvement, the current complications of this type of surgery has been significantly reduced, but the lower age group of children's surgery is still a certain risk, there will be some complications.
5) The current treatment method
Currently China's most advanced thoracoscopic assisted funnel chest correction --
The method is to cut a small incision of 2 cm in the pediatric side of the chest under the axillary midline area, with a thoracoscope to the thoracic cavity peeling and guiding, and then a homemade corrective equipment to the opposite side of the penetration of the opening and then flipped, so as to achieve the purpose of correction. The surgical incision is about 15-20 centimeters long, and it is necessary to cut off the diseased rib cartilage and do sternal osteotomy, which results in big surgical injury, much bleeding, obvious pain and slow recovery. Regardless of the type of surgery due to the need to cut off the ribs, destroying the integrity of the thorax, lung infection, pulmonary atelectasis resulting in hypoxia caused by brain damage surgical risk still exists.
6) The new technique of treating funnel chest without opening the chest
Now some doctors use the technique of treating funnel chest without opening the chest: they only cut two 2-centimeter incisions in the child's anterior chest wall, and then use a steel plate to shape the chest according to the patient's thorax and then pad on the back of the patient's sternum to turn it over, and the two ends of the plate are supported by the patient's ribs on both sides, in order to treat the child's funnel chest deformity. It is a new technique without opening the chest, with little injury and less bleeding. During the operation, the steel plate can be shaped according to the different degrees of the patient's thoracic deformity, which is more adapted to the individual differences and makes the operation result better. Postoperative patients have little pain and can leave bed the next day, and the hospitalization time is short and the hospitalization cost is low, which is a good method for funnel chest treatment in modern times.
7) The age of surgery
Funnel chest belongs to the congenital malformation of bone development, which is not often thought to be caused by calcium deficiency and malnutrition, and its etiology is still not very clear.
In the 1970s, the youngest patients who underwent this type of surgery abroad were about 4-5 years old. Currently, the optimal age for surgery depends on the conditions of the hospital and the level of the surgeon. Experts believe that, according to the characteristics of pediatric bone, the best time to correct the funnel chest is at the age of 2 - 4 years, and the operation at a younger age may not affect the development of children. At present, most of the 1--3 year old children who have this kind of surgery have very good results.
8) Non-surgical treatment of chicken chest method
1. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart, body relaxation, eyes closed, both arms gently lifted forward to the top of the head, while inhaling, stop for a while, the two arms naturally fall, accompanied by a deep exhalation, a number of times a day, 10 minutes each time.
2. Push-ups or holding dumbbells to do two-armed front raise exercises 3 - 4 times a day, each time for 10 minutes.
3. Single and double bar on the head of turning tendons, daily early in the morning on an empty stomach, but not too strenuous.
4. Jogging helps to enhance the activity of internal organs, expanding the volume of respiration, and improve the thoracic dysplasia
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