castor-oil plant
Taking 2-7 castor beans will lead to poisoning death. Adults taking 20 tablets may be fatal. Two castor beans produced in Africa can poison adults, and children only need one, but there are also reports that they can recover after taking 24. Ricin may be a proteolytic enzyme, and 7 mg can kill adults.
2. Symptoms after castor bean poisoning include: headache, gastroenteritis, elevated body temperature, leukocytosis, hemogram moving to the left, anuria, yellow pox, cold sweat, hemifacial spasm and cardiovascular collapse; Poisoning symptoms often have a long incubation period. Ricin causes acute poisoning in rats, which mainly causes liver and kidney damage and glucose metabolism disorder. The lectin in castor can agglutinate blood cells. No poisoning phenomenon was found after frying castor seeds in Huzhou rural areas, which may be caused by heating to destroy ricin.
3. The lethal dose (g/kg) of castor seeds to various animals is as follows: hen 14, mother duck 4, mother goose 0.4, rabbit 0.9, piglet 2.3, pig 1.3, cow 2, goat 0.5, sheep 1.25, horse. The LD50 of ricin to 1 iv mice was 6- 12mcg/kg. Ricin produced by Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory was injected intravenously into mice 1, and its LD50 was 47.97 mcg/kg；. . The maximum tolerance of 1 iv in rabbits was 3.2 μ g/kg. The MTD of one day 1 time and one day 16 times is 1.6mcg/kg. Mice died within 65 00 hours to several days after intraperitoneal injection or intravenous injection of lethal dose of ricin. The poisoning process is so long that animals generally lose weight after 1.2 hours and lie on their side after 24 hours. Sometimes there will be chronic convulsions, dyspnea, hunchback and central nervous system disorders. Three minutes after the first convulsion, the animal died of respiratory paralysis. Poisoning is often accompanied by severe diarrhea, which may also be one of the causes of animal death.
4. Most organs and tissues of animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, etc.). ) and acute and subacute ricin poisoning showed functional and morphological changes. The main toxic reactions occurred in liver, small intestine and endocrine glands. The destruction of hepatocytes acts on the inner network layer, accompanied by slight changes in mitochondria, thus causing liver degeneration and necrosis. The damage to the small intestine is also very serious, which is the main cause of diarrhea. Organs and tissues of endocrine system are very sensitive to ricin, which can cause hemorrhagic necrosis and degeneration of hypothalamic cells, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, thymus, testis, ovary, pancreas and lymphoid tissues in animals. It can also damage the reticuloendothelial system and cause chromatin destruction of maxillary ganglion and peripheral nerve nuclei of thoracic plexus. The prolonged hemagglutination time of animals poisoned by ricin is caused by the interference of glucose metabolism in reducing thromboplastin and thromboplastin, and it can increase the total number of red blood cells and white blood cells, blood sugar and urea levels, decrease the concentration of magnesium ion in blood, and increase the concentration of calcium ion from 2: 1 to 7.75: 1, which may be related to pyrogen reaction. In acute ricin poisoning, blood sugar, glycogen, total protein and hematocrit of animals decreased, while lactose, non-protein nitrogen, amino acids and inorganic phosphorus decreased. Acidic phosphoric acid, lactic acid and pyruvate increased, and liver function (SGOT, SGPT, lactate dehydrogenase) was disordered. It can be seen that the hematological changes of acute ricin poisoning are slightly different from those of chronic poisoning. Ricinine 160mg or ricin 7mg in castor bean can cause adult death. Some people think that ricin is 22 times more toxic than hydrocyanic acid, and its 1g can kill 3600 people.