Fruits Suitable for Planting in Hainan Province
Banana, pineapple, jackfruit, orange, annona, guava, Hainan grapefruit, rambutan, wampee, litchi, green coconut, sugar brown, red coconut, durian, longan, mango, ginseng fruit, papaya, banana, Malay grape, carambola, cashew nut, mangosteen, egg yolk, lemon, sour bean and egg yolk.
Fruits suitable for southern cultivation
Chinese olive
Olive belongs to the genus Olive, belonging to the family Olive. It likes warmth, and it needs proper high temperature to grow vigorously during the growing period, with good effect. The annual average temperature is above 20℃, which is most suitable for growing in areas without severe frost and freezing injury in winter. In winter, it can tolerate a short-term low temperature of MINUS 3℃, but when the temperature drops below 4℃, serious freezing damage will occur. Areas with rainfall of 1200 ~ 1400 mm can grow normally and have wide adaptability to soil. They can be cultivated along rivers, hills, mountains, red yellow soil and gravel soil, and can grow well as long as the soil layer is deep and the drainage is good.
grape
Grape is a woody vine of Vitaceae, which originated in West Asia and is now cultivated all over the world. About 95% of the grapes in the world are concentrated in the northern hemisphere. The main grape producing areas in China are Turpan and Hotan in Xinjiang, Yantai in Shandong, Zhangjiakou, Xuanhua and Changli in Hebei, Quan Min and Yifeng in Dalian, Xiong Yue, Shenyang and Henan.
loquat
Loquat, also known as Lu Ju, Jin Wan, Lu Zhi, etc. , like light, slightly shade-tolerant, like warm climate, moist soil with rich water and good drainage, slightly cold-resistant, not cold-resistant, slow growth, average temperature above 65,438+02 ~ 65,438+05, winter not lower than -5℃, flowering and young fruit not lower than 0℃.
banana
Bananas like hot and humid climate, and grow vigorously on the land with deep soil layer, loose soil and good drainage. Irrigation planting is also successful in semi-arid areas such as southern Jamaica. Wild bananas are cultivated by seeds, and artificial bananas can be cultivated by root sucking and pseudobulb ramets. The first harvest takes 10 ~ 15 months, and then the harvest is almost continuous.
peach
Peach is a small deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae, which is planted all over the world. Flowers are ornamental, fruits are juicy, and can be eaten raw, pickled or canned, and nucleolus can also be eaten. The flesh is white and yellow, and there are many varieties of peaches. Generally, the skin is hairy, the nectarine skin is smooth, the flat peach fruit is flat and disc-shaped, and the peach is an ornamental peach with various petals.
Methods of planting papaya in Hainan Province
1, select excellent varieties. Suitable local varieties include Yizhou papaya and poinsettia papaya, and they can pollinate each other.
2. Build a garden. It is advisable to choose loam or sandy loam with deep and fertile soil layer, good drainage, neutral or slightly alkaline soil. The plant spacing is 2.5m× 4m. Before planting, dig planting holes with length 1 m, width 1 m and depth of 0.8 m, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer 10 kg to each hole. Before planting, select 2-3-year-old improved varieties and strong seedlings, which can be planted in spring and autumn. Spring sowing should be carried out before seedlings germinate, and autumn sowing should be carried out before trees fall leaves and soil freezes. Autumn planting is easy to heal damaged roots, with high survival rate and good growth. When planting, select grafted seedlings with a height of more than 1.2m, a grafting position of more than 1cm and good interface healing. It is required that the root system is intact, the planting depth is equal to the ground at the root-neck junction after planting and watering, and the tree tray is covered with 1 m2 plastic film.
3. Fertilizer and water management. In late September, when the orchard is deeply ploughed, base fertilizer is applied, which is mainly composed of stable manure and human excrement and urine, mixed with available N fertilizer. Apply base fertilizer 15-30 kg to each young tree and 30-50 kg to each big tree. Topdressing: from late March to early April before germination, apply 30g of urea/kloc-0 and 400g of ternary compound fertilizer to each plant in holes or ditches. Spraying a mixture of 1 times of 0.3% urea, 1% calcium superphosphate and 0.3% potassium sulfate two weeks before and after flowering to promote fruit cell division; Spraying 0.2% boric acid or 0.3% borax at full flowering stage is beneficial to fruit setting. In the middle and late May, topdressing urea100-250g can be used for each fruit-bearing tree, which can be applied by ring spraying or furrow application. After the fruit is harvested, topdressing compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer, with 0.5 kg per plant. Water resources management. Generally, water should be applied 1 double the water permeability before and after flower bud germination, and appropriate water should be applied during fruit expansion and new shoot growth. Before winter, 1 times antifreeze water should be irrigated with base fertilizer, and papaya should be drained in time for fear of waterlogging.
4, plastic trimming. The height of natural round-headed stems is 70-80 cm, 3-4 new shoots are selected as main branches, and the main branches should be arranged in 3-4 different directions, and the branch spacing of each main branch should be 10-20 cm. There will be 2-3 lateral branches on the main branch, and small lateral branches or fruiting mother branches and branches will be divided outside the lateral branches. Pruning in summer: mainly take measures such as wiping buds, removing cores and pulling branches. Bud wiping: promptly wipe off the buds below the plastic belt, as well as the upright buds on the back of the main branches and the competing branches on the extended branches. Picking: When the extension branch of the main branch is 50-60 cm long, picking the core promotes the secondary branch and cultivates the main branch. New shoots with vigorous growth in other parts overlap and cross the main branches, with a length of 20 cm, coring and promoting secondary branches. Branches: Generally, at the end of August and the beginning of September, the branches that are not reserved as main branches are leveled and reserved as auxiliary branches. Pruning in winter: in winter of 1, young papaya trees should be cut short, with the length of 30-40 cm for the purpose of shaping and crown expansion. Young papaya trees should be cut lightly, mainly to remove over-dense branches, competing branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, and cut short branches at intervals, with the length of 20-30 cm. When they reach 40 cm, they should be picked up in time to form results.
5. Flower and fruit management. In order to achieve high and stable yield, it is necessary to equip the garden with suitable pollination trees, and the ratio of main varieties to pollinated varieties is 4: 1. Poor management of papaya will lead to years, so we should pay attention to the management of flowers and fruits, and sparse flowers and fruits during flowering. It is especially important to thin flowers and fruits in the New Year. When thinning fruit, branches, deformed fruits and cross fruits should be removed first. Generally, the base fruit and intermediate fruit of branches should be selected, and the fruit spacing is about 20 cm to ensure the fruit is large, tall and stable.
6, pest control. There are few diseases of papaya, mainly pests, mainly aphids, papaya borers, red spiders and so on.
(1) In May, 10% imidacloprid can be sprayed 5000-6000 times, once a day, 2-3 times in a row.
(2) Use Taoxiaoling or Taoxiaojing 1500-2000 times solution to control papaya borer in mid-June and late July.
⑶ 2000 times triadimefon can be used to control red spider.
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