1. Site selection

(1) Pleurotus ostreatus generally grows in flat areas with good drainage and sunny leeward, such as mountains and glades near water sources, which are very popular growth environments for Pleurotus ostreatus.

(2) Pleurotus ostreatus likes the sun but is afraid of the sun, so it is best to plant it in a place where it can keep out the sun and shade.

(3) When planting Pleurotus ostreatus indoors, in greenhouses or in the open air, the terrain should not be too dry. When building mushroom farms, we should try not to choose places with high wind mobility and no moisture, especially the hillside areas with serious soil erosion. On the contrary, too much water in low-lying places is not conducive to the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus.

(4) The direction of the greenhouse or greenhouse should be east-west, and it should be built according to the requirements of the bedstead width of 1.2m, the shelf distance of 45cm-55cm and the walkway width of 65cm-7cm.

2. Site treatment

After the site is determined, clean it, and if possible, dig the land deeply. If you use bedstead to plant Pleurotus ostreatus, you should first complete the construction, then close the planting site two days before sowing, carry out sterilization treatment, mix it with 1ml/m3 formaldehyde and 7g potassium permanganate or steam it with 15g-2g/m3 sulfur for one to two days, and spray a proper amount of water in the meantime to achieve the effect. Before feeding, you should first close the space.

3. Selection and treatment of raw materials

(1) Selection of raw materials

The raw materials of Pleurotus ostreatus are rice straw, sawdust, distiller's grains, corn stalks, leaves, waste paper, corncob, bean stalks, cottonseed hulls, waste cotton, crop stalks, industrial and sideline scraps, etc., and the selection is very diverse. Try not to use moldy and deteriorated raw materials, even if they are stored every other year, they need to be fully exposed to the sun for two to three days before they can be used, and fresh raw materials can be used to grow high-quality Pleurotus ostreatus. Pleurotus ostreatus planted with corncob as raw material in Northeast China not only has the best yield and quality, but also has low cost, followed by sawdust and bean straw. Most Pleurotus ostreatus planted in Shandong, Henan and other places use cottonseed hulls as raw materials, and the average yield is higher than that of the whole northeast region, so it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions to achieve greater economic benefits.

(2) treatment of raw materials

raw materials need to be processed before mixing. For example, corncob needs to be crushed into particles and kept at the size of peas. In addition, bean stalks, corn stalks, rice straws and the like can be directly cut into small pieces of 6cm-8cm with sickles, and sawdust, distiller's grains and the like can be directly mixed. Bean stalks and corn stalks: fully soak them in 1.5% lime water for 15-2 minutes, salvage them in containers and pile them together, and keep them stuffy for 12-24 hours. During the waiting period, water them properly until the bean stalks and corn stalks are soaked. Straw: fully soak in 2% lime water for 12-24 hours, salvage the container, then rinse it with clean water, keep the ph value between 7.5-8, and the water content between 6% and 65%. The water control amount can be used as a mixing material based on the standard of not dripping with both hands.

4. Formula selection and sowing method

(1) Formula selection

The appropriate medium formula must be reasonably matched according to the nutritional requirements of Pleurotus ostreatus, which not only saves raw materials, but also utilizes the nutrients in the medium.

material selection: 9% corn cob, .2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, .3% magnesium sulfate, 1% calcium superphosphate, 1.5% gypsum, 5% corn flour, 2% lime and 6% water content can be used as materials. Treatment method of corncob: according to the above formula, firstly, lime, corn flour, gypsum, etc. are uniformly stirred together, then added to the corncob crushed by a pulverizer, and stirred again. Calcium superphosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. should be diluted and dissolved in water for several times, and then mixed into the culture medium. The initial ph value should be adjusted to 1-14, and after 1-2.5 hours, it will be reduced to 8.5-9 in the later period, and the water content should be adjusted to 8.5-9.

(2) Seeding method

First, spread a layer of 2cm river sand and spray 2% potassium permanganate once. Then make a 6cm-8cm wide bacterial bed and sprinkle one-fifth of the bacteria, slightly more in the middle. Then spread a culture material with a thickness of 5cm. According to the proportion of two-layer material, three-layer strain or three-layer strain and four-layer strain, it is advisable to spread a culture material with a thickness of 5cm-2cm. Properly suppress the culture material so that the middle part is high and the left and right sides are low, then spread a layer of plastic cloth, and use sand to press the surrounding tightly. Finally, cover the shade. No matter which cultivation method is adopted, it is necessary to sow more seeds around to prevent mixed bacteria from being polluted. In addition, it is necessary to strictly control the moisture and pH ratio of the strains, which is related to the final output of Pleurotus ostreatus.

5. Selection and treatment of strains

(1) Selection of strains

Species: in early spring, medium and high temperature strains such as Nongxin No.1, Xinping No.112, Jiuhua No.191 and Huiping were selected; in summer, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii and HP1 were selected; in autumn and winter, Aohei, A2, Delicious 5.39 and Germany No.2 were selected.

strain quality: the hypha is white, dense and strong, connected from top to bottom, and the upper surface grows fluff, does not shrink, does not accumulate water, contains a small amount of fruiting body primordium, and can be judged as an excellent strain. The hyphae are slender, yellow, sparse, thin, dry, with accumulated water and a large number of fruiting body primordia, and such strains are generally aging and cannot be used; Even if there are mottled colonies such as yellow, green and gray in the bottle, it can be judged that the strain has been seriously polluted and cannot be used.

(2) storage of strains

Poor quality of strains or large-scale planting of contaminated strains will lead to the spread of miscellaneous bacteria, a sharp drop in output and heavy losses. Therefore, the strains should be sown in time. If they must be stored, they can be kept in a cool storage room in order to avoid the pollution and deterioration of the strains caused by sunlight or dampness in rainy days.

(3) Treatment method

Prepare .2% potassium permanganate, pots, plastic sheets, tweezers and other tools, and start to dig the strains. Select appropriate strains and put them on the table, clean the outer bottle wall and seal with .2% Lysol solution, discard the surface bacterial skin after opening the seal, and dig the rest into pea-sized strain blocks. If the strains are packed in plastic bags, use .2% Lysol to clean them and break them up. After digging, cover a layer of newspaper and sow. In addition, the site should minimize personnel access, and should not be exposed to wind, sun and water to prevent infection by miscellaneous bacteria.