Seed collection time: the seed collection time is usually in the middle of 1 1 month, and the best seed collection time is when 70~80% of the fruits are completely cracked and the seeds are exposed. Premature harvest, the fruit is not cracked,
Seed development is not yet fully mature; If the harvest is too late, the seeds will not be collected because the birds eat them, so once the time is ripe, choose sunny days to collect the seeds immediately.
Seed collection methods: first, the seeds naturally fall off and organize personnel to pick them up on the ground; Second, when it is fully mature, spread it on the ground under the canopy with ponchos and other materials, pick it with pruning shears or knock the branches artificially with bamboo poles, and collect the seeds centrally after landing.
Seed treatment and storage: after the seeds are harvested, they are screened to remove impurities and inferior seeds, and the good seeds are spread in a dry room and dried in the shade. Generally, sowing method is used, and excellent varieties are grafted. It can also be propagated by burying roots. Sapium sebiferum should be transplanted in spring before germination. If the seedlings are large, it is best to transplant them with soil balls. Attention should be paid to tending management within 2 or 3 years after planting. Insect pests mainly include silkworms, spiny moths, giant salamander moths and other larvae eating leaves and twigs, so attention should be paid to timely prevention and control. It takes 6~ 10 years to cultivate an excellent Chinese tallow tree. The more high-quality seedlings, the more long-term cultivation is needed, and high-quality products will also have high returns.
Sapium sebiferum seedlings can be cultivated in the nursery for 3 to 4 years. When the diameter is about 6 cm at the height of one meter, they can be used for landscaping, and the specifications should not be too small, otherwise it will be difficult to produce better landscape effects. The transplanting of Chinese tallow should be carried out in spring (April to May), and it can be planted before and after germination, but in practice, the survival rate of transplanting during germination is lower than that before and after germination.
When transplanting, you must bring soil balls with a diameter of 35 to 50 cm. Due to the poor soil conditions in the city, shallow planting should be adhered to in the big pond, and the big pond should be dug 1 m×1m, so as to remove debris such as building debris in the pond, apply decomposed organic fertilizer at the bottom of the pond, fill in the good soil, and then put in the seedlings. The planting depth should be controlled at 5 to/kloc from the surface covering soil to the rhizosphere of the seedlings. After planting, put a good support frame, water it again, water it again three days later, and then water it once every day according to the weather and soil moisture. Sapium sebiferum likes water and fertilizer. In case of drought during the growing period, it is necessary to water it in time, otherwise it will grow poorly. Interplanting: when the seedlings are 5~8cm high, start the first thinning, and keep the seedlings at the spacing of 10~ 15cm, so as to remove the inferior and keep the superior. When the height of seedlings is about 20cm, the second thinning is carried out in combination with weeding, so that the row spacing of seedlings is about 20cm x30cm, and 7000 large and strong seedlings are reserved per mu. Moderate close planting is beneficial to dry culture and high growth.
Topdressing and weeding: After the second thinning, topdressing can be carried out on the seedlings. During April to July, urea is topdressed four times before or in the rain, which are 5kg/667 m2, 7.5kg/667 m2, 10kg/667 m2 and 15kg/667 m2 respectively. Weed at the right time, and keep the seedbed free of grass, loose soil and drain water in the ditch based on the principle of "except small and except" weeding.
Pruning and pest control: Pruning is mainly to wipe buds and remove new shoots. When the branches of the trunk begin to appear, the axillary buds that have started to shoot or the new shoots of the side branches that have been pulled out are removed, and pruning is needed for 2~3 times in a growth cycle, so as to inhibit the generation and growth of the side branches, promote the top growth advantage of the new shoots of the trunk and promote high growth. Sapium sebiferum is a native tree species, and there are few pests and diseases, mainly the early cutworms and the late spiny moths will cause certain harm, so the cutworms will be killed by artificial capture in the early morning; In case of damage by stickleback moth, 800 times 40% dimethoate emulsion or 800 times 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate can be used for foliar spraying, and the effect is remarkable.
Medicinal sources: root bark, bark and leaves of Chinese tallow are used as medicine. Root bark and bark can be harvested in four seasons, sliced and dried; How fresh the leaves are.
Indications: Insecticidal, detoxicating, diuretic and laxative. Used for schistosomiasis, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, adverse defecation, and snake bite; Externally used for treating furuncle, corns, mastitis, traumatic injury, eczema and dermatitis.
Tropism of nature and taste: bitter and slightly warm. Enter lung, spleen, kidney and large intestine meridian.
Note: there is a small poison. This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is that wood, milk, leaves and fruits are all toxic. There are many reports of poisoning, such as cannibalism, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal sound, dizziness, numbness of limbs and lips, tinnitus, palpitation, pale face, cold limbs and so on. Contact with milk can cause irritation and erosion. Leaves can be used as pesticides and pesticides.
The side effect of Chinese tallow is vomiting, and patients with ulcer should not take Chinese tallow.
Usage and dosage: root bark1~ 3 money; Leaves 3 ~ 5 money; Appropriate amount for external use, fresh leaves are pounded and applied to the affected area, or decocted and washed.
fishery
Soak 1 kg of dry Chinese tallow leaves (or 4 kg of fresh leaves) in 20 kg of 2% quicklime water, boil it for 10 min, and spray it all over the pool to make the pool water have a concentration of 6.25ppm (the amount of Chinese tallow leaves).
For every 50 kg or 1 10,000 fish species, use half a catty of Chinese tallow leaf dry powder, mix it in bait or make it into medicinal bait, and feed it continuously for 3-6 days to prevent gill rot. Sapium sebiferum is an important industrial oil tree species in southern China. The wax outside the seed is called "wax", which can be extracted as "skin oil" for making high-grade soap, wax paper, candles, etc. The oil extracted from seed kernel is called "oil" or "green oil", which is used for paint, ink, etc. In addition, the wood is white, hard, not warped and not cracked, and the texture is fine, so it can be used as materials for vehicles, furniture and sculpture. The leaves are black dyes, which can be used to dye clothes. Root bark cures snakebite. The white waxy layer (aril) can be dissolved to make soap and candles; Seed oil is suitable for coating, which can be coated with oil paper, oil umbrella and so on.
Leather oil: It has a wide range of uses. It is an important industrial raw material for making high-grade soap, vanishing cream, wax paper, candles, glycerol, lubricating oil and palmitic acid, and can also extract stearic acid.
Stillingia oil: It is also widely used. It is suitable for preparing paints and coatings, coating machines, making ink, decocting plasters in traditional Chinese medicine, making hair tonic, polishing metals, and making rust inhibitors for wheels.
Yamen cake: it can be used as fertilizer and soil alkali for washing clothes. However, the seed cake can not be used as fertilizer, but only as fuel.
Sapium sebiferum leaves: Tannin can be used as a black dye. When the late rice is ripe, the leaves become bright red and very beautiful; Therefore, in some places, Sapium sebiferum is regarded as an ornamental tree and cultivated beside houses and villages. Some are planted as street trees on both sides of roads or in parks.
Sapium sebiferum trunk: The material is tough, does not become warped and does not crack, and can be used as vehicle furniture or as a raw material for carving. The root of Chinese tallow tree can also be used as a raw material for the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis.
Leather oil and stillingia oil produced by tallow are both in short supply for industry. Sapium sebiferum is widely distributed in China, only in Guizhou, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces. Guizhou is second only to Zunyi area in Tongren area. The average output of Tongren area over the years: 10.51 million Jin in 1950s, 7.2 million Jin in 1960s and 5.17 million Jin in 1970s; During the four years from l 98 1 year to 1 985, the average annual output was 6.02 million Jin. The output of sapium sebiferum seeds in Tongren area accounts for about 30% of the total output in the province. Sapium sebiferum has a neat crown and beautiful leaves, and the autumn leaves are in full swing when frosted, which is very beautiful. It has the praise name of "Sapium sebiferum blooms in the maple, and the garden is in the middle of February". If it is matched with pavilions, flower walls and rocks, it is also very harmonious. In winter, the white sapium sebiferum is covered with branches, which lasts for a long time and is quite beautiful. The ancients have a poem that "I occasionally see the white tops of sapium sebiferum trees, but I suspect it is a small flower in the river." It can be planted alone or in clusters on lawns, lakesides and pools, and can be planted as berm trees, shade trees and street trees in landscaping. In urban gardens, Chinese tallow can be used as a street tree, which can be planted in road landscape belts, squares, parks and courtyards, or in scenic spots and forest parks, which can produce good landscaping effects.
Sapium sebiferum is suitable for development in hilly and mountainous areas, and can be planted in mountainous areas, plains and hills, and even in rocky and mountainous areas where the land is relatively dry. Such as: copper hammer: the main advantages are that the tree is small, suitable for close planting, good seed setting performance per plant and high population yield. Strong adaptability, drought resistance and ridge resistance, chicken feet: The advantages are strong adaptability, strong branching ability, high branch density, smooth young branches and high percentage of fruiting branches.