Hands are the human body's "diplomatic organs", people's all "foreign affairs activities", it is the first, such as engaging in a variety of labor, to the garbage, brushing spittoon, washing feet, shoes, applying stool, etc., should be done with the hands. It is the hand that does all the work. As a result, the hands are easily infected with many pathogenic microorganisms. Scientists have done a survey that an unwashed hand contains at least 40,000 to 400,000 bacteria. Nail crevice is a good place for bacteria to hide, a nail crevice can hide bacteria 3.8 billion. In addition, some people have made a test, acute dysentery patients with 5 to 8 layers of toilet paper, dysentery bacilli can also penetrate the hand, dysentery bacilli in the hand can survive for 3 days. Influenza virus can survive in the moist warm hands for 7 days. Therefore, the hands are very dirty. And travel, study tours, the implementation of the mission, the hands often touch some items, will be dirty hands. Especially patients with infectious diseases and some of the surface of the actual health of the body with the virus, often spread disease-causing microorganisms to a variety of supplies and utensils, when the healthy person's hand contact, disease-causing microorganisms will come to your hands. If you don't wash your hands before and after meals, you can bring bacteria into your mouth and eat them in your stomach, which is what people often say, "bacteria come from the hand, disease enters by the mouth". So we have to develop the habit of cutting nails, washing hands before meals, after work and after labor.

Washing your hands can get rid of bacteria and eggs adhering to your hands, wash your hands with running water, can wash away 80% of the bacteria on your hands, if you wash with soap, and then rinse with running water, can wash away up to 99% of the bacteria on your hands. Hand washing should pay attention to not a few people with a basin of water to avoid cross-infection, spreading disease to each other, the time should be more than 15 seconds.

Two, do not spit, fling snot:

Phlegm is a viscous liquid secreted by the respiratory tract, through coughing out of the body. Everyone knows how to spit, but not always in a good way. Some people don't pay attention to keep the environment, spit spit, snot flung all over the place, both affect the health and personal image. Some so-called "love of hygiene" people, spit on the ground, with the shoes on the feet to wipe, thinking that can not see the sputum stains, even if it is clean, it does not hinder the hygiene and health. Unbeknownst to them, sputum contains millions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycoplasma, etc. Especially for people with respiratory diseases. Especially people with respiratory diseases, such as tuberculosis, influenza, meningitis and other patients in the sputum of bacteria and viruses more, the prevalence of "SARS" is even more so. Some people test a mouthful of sputum and find that it contains hundreds of thousands of bacteria. In the sputum of the most hated tuberculosis patients, millions of tuberculosis bacilli can be found. If one spits talk on the ground, when the sputum dries, the bacteria will fly into the air with the dust, and healthy people may get respiratory diseases if they inhale such dust. Therefore, everyone should develop the good habit of not spitting. Spit in the spittoon if you have spit, and brush the spittoon regularly every day. In the absence of spittoon place, should spit in the waste paper wrapped up, and then thrown into the paper basket or garbage cans, consciously do not spit, to maintain public **** place health.

Three, not to others coughing, sneezing:

Coughing and sneezing is a normal physiological phenomenon, not surprising. However, do not pay attention to the occasion, the face of others or food sneezing is a kind of both unhygienic and impolite bad behavior. According to the survey, a cough can be ejected 20,000 very small droplets, a sneeze shot nearly 1 million particles of droplets. And droplets sprayed very quickly, less than 1 second can fly out 4.6 meters, downwind if up to 9 meters away. Nasal cavity and throat is one of the densest places for bacteria and viruses to gather, and the sprayed droplets contain a large number of bacteria and viruses. A sneeze of germs can be as high as 85 million, these tiny droplets can be a long time in the air floating swimming, in the windless indoor can be floating 30 - 60 minutes, floating time can be up to 30 hours. Droplets of water evaporation, bacteria and viruses with the dust again, continue to jeopardize human health.

China's statutory infectious diseases, there are 15 kinds of airborne (such as influenza, measles, chicken pox, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia, etc.). Therefore, for the sake of everyone's health, you should pay attention to courtesy and hygiene when coughing and sneezing, especially if you are suffering from respiratory infectious diseases. If you can't help sneezing in front of people or in front of food, you should immediately take out a hand towel or tissue and cover your mouth and nose. If it's too late, turn your back on the person or food and cover your mouth and nose with your hands.

Four, do not smoke:

Smoking is harmful and no good, has been recognized by the scientific community around the world. Tobacco smoke contains more than 3000 kinds of harmful substances. Among them are mainly nicotine (nicotine), smoke tar, light fluoride acid, acrylic acid and carbon monoxide. Nicotine is a toxic substance, smoke tar contains nitrosamines, phenols, arsenic and radioisotopes, etc., which are carcinogenic or cancer-promoting substances, especially benzo(a)pyrene is recognized as a strong carcinogen. According to statistics, people who smoke 40 cigarettes a day have 70 times higher incidence of lung cancer than non-smokers. In addition, smoking is also closely related to lip cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and stomach cancer. Smoking can promote the development of systemic arteriosclerosis and hypertension, so the morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of smokers are higher than that of non-smokers. In addition, smokers are prone to colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, emphysema and so on. There are also studies showing that smoking is associated with male impotence.

Some people say that smoking can refresh and improve work efficiency. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. Modern medical research believes that the role of nicotine on the central nervous system has a twofold, that is, after the first excitement inhibition. Therefore, people who smoke a lot for a long time, the excitation and inhibition process of the cerebral cortex is out of balance, instead of presenting fatigue, insomnia, memory loss, distraction, decreased work efficiency. The latency period of many smoking-related diseases is very long, unlike the reaction to eating a highly toxic substance which is so fast. So in a short time, people often do not see his harm. Sometimes decades pass from the start of smoking to cause death. This is the main reason why people in general do not know enough about the dangers of smoking.

China has about 200-300 million people smoking, about 1/5 of the country's population is more, accounting for the world's 1.0 to 1.2 billion smokers 1/4, not only to consume a lot of money every year, but also many years later, the country and individuals have to invest unimaginable sums of money for the treatment of smoking caused by a variety of diseases. At present, Europe and the United States have seen the great harm of smoking, with legal, economic and political means to make the masses of smoking rate dropped significantly. For example, the laws of the United States clearly stipulate that selling cigarettes to young people under the age of 18 will result in severe fines and even prosecution in court. (Newspapers are also publishing complaints from local people in Europe and the United States about the harm done to them and their families by tobacco companies and advertising companies that advertise tobacco.) China is still in the reform and opening up, some of the laws are not sound, some departments will still be cigarettes as a huge profit-making magic weapon, young people will be in the hand or mouth with a cigarette as a sign of maturity, and even some women are now joining the ranks of smokers. A famous foreign scholar expects that in the future about 50 million young people under 20 years old in China will die from smoking. Therefore, many people now believe that smoking is a public hazard, the bubonic plague of the 21st century, the opium of the new century, and is jeopardizing the Chinese nation. Smoking, may be able to bring you a little temporary joy, but it brings more disaster, disease and death.

Fifth, do not drink excessively:

Drinking alcohol in moderation can promote blood circulation, blood circulation, dispel wind and cold. However, drinking too much alcohol and produce alcohol poisoning, that is, when drunk, then the body to produce a series of damage, and even life-threatening. Excessive drinking destroys people's health, and can also induce a variety of accidents and disciplinary phenomena (the driver is more so), alcohol into the stomach about 5 minutes to enter the bloodstream, and then transported to all parts of the body. Alcohol enters the body after the main role in the brain, and the brain is particularly sensitive to alcohol. It is generally believed that when the blood alcohol concentration reaches 0.1%, the cerebral cortex is inhibited, and the lower cortical centers are excited by the reduction of inhibition, resulting in a sense of euphoria. At this time, the drinker appeared to face flushing, heartbeat accelerated, mental excitement, bold words, headache and brain swelling and so on now, this is the early stage of acute alcohol poisoning that is the excitement period. At this time, as long as the drinking stops, after resting can return to normal, on the contrary, if you continue to drink, when the blood alcohol concentration reaches 0.2% or so, it enters the middle of the intoxication, that is, **** Jejunya period. Some people will be drunk and out of shape, walking and swaying, and even lying down on the roadside and bridgehead. When the drunkard appears pale, body temperature drops, lips purple, incontinence, sleepy, or even coma, this time has entered the late stage of alcohol poisoning. If the coma lasts for more than 4 hours, the prognosis is poor, prone to serious sequelae. Modern medical research shows that when the alcohol concentration reaches 0.6%, it often leads to death.

The damage of drunkenness is systemic, and its consequences are quite serious. A scholar in China through the autopsy of 47 dead bodies due to drunkenness, found that all the dead people's internal organs are widely congested, especially the gastric and duodenal mucosa congestion, edema and hemorrhage is more serious, and part of the gastrointestinal mucosa can be necrotic. Many scholars have pointed out that a large amount of alcohol can lead to a high degree of inhibition of the cerebral cortex, and the respiratory and circulatory centers to inhibit and cause respiratory arrest, which is a common cause of death of intoxicated people.

Sixth, do not drink unclean water, eat raw fruits and vegetables should be washed or peeled, do not urinate and defecate, do not throw waste, sun clothes and bedding.

Commonly specious "health habits"

1. toilet paper to wipe tableware, fruits and face: many toilet paper is not disinfected or disinfection is not complete, which the filler or powder is also easy to residual in the tableware or fruits, into the human body will affect health. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use toilet paper to wipe tableware, fruits and face.

2. Dry dishes and fruits with a rag: In general, the family, the rag is multi-purpose, both with its wipe the table and its wipe tableware. If not often disinfected, cleaned or dried, damp and nutritious rags are suitable for the reproduction of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Instead of drying dishes and fruits with a rag, it is more hygienic not to wipe.

3. Use the meal to wash dishes, fruits and vegetables: meal wash can be used to wash dishes, vegetables and fruits, to remove the dishes above the oil and pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables, has become an essential part of people's lives in the daily necessities. However, very few people know that sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate-containing dishwashing detergents are harmful to human health. To reduce the harm to human health meal wash, in the meal wash wash vegetables, fruits, pay attention to the concentration is not too high, generally 0.2% or so good; soak time to 5 minutes appropriate, after soaking also need to be repeated with running water to clean. Tableware rinse is also the same. In addition, do not buy the unqualified bulk meal wash on the stalls, because most of such meal wash is not qualified.

4. Cover food with yarn: summer with yarn cover food can prevent direct contamination of flies, but not a cover. Because the fly in the yarn cover on the eggs and the body of the dirt will still fall from the yarn cover gap contamination of food. Therefore, a multi-pronged approach should be taken to take measures to prevent flies, it is best to keep the flies out of the door.

5. Plastic cloth on the table: some tablecloths are made of polyvinyl chloride, which contains toxic free radicals. Tableware often contact with this plastic cloth, toxic substances will enter the body with the help of food, leading to chronic poisoning. Therefore, families should not use such plastic tablecloths containing poison. When dining out, do not place chopsticks directly on the tabletop covered with plastic cloth or plastic film. Also, don't use painted chopsticks.

6. Use white paper to wrap food: white paper looks clean, in fact, not hygienic. Because in the white paper production process to use a certain amount of bleaching powder, easy to trigger chemical reactions, and can produce many harmful substances, such as peroxide. This substance into the human body can cause joint pain, headache, insomnia, can also lead to liver cancer and infertility and other diseases.

7. Food heated after eating: Many people think that food poisoning is caused by bacteria in spoiled food, if the spoiled food is boiled and then eat, the bacteria will be all killed, eat will be fine. In fact, if you eat spoiled food after boiling, although the danger is reduced, it is still very unsafe. Such as food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus, which produces toxins even if heated at high temperatures will not be broken down and destroyed, eat food contaminated by this toxin will still cause poisoning, and even death.

8. Cut off the rotten part of the fruit and then eat: there are some people think that the rotten part of the fruit cut off and then eat it is fine, in fact, it is not. This is because even if the rotten part of the cut, the remaining part has long been containing bacteria and their metabolites in the juice of rotten fruit soaked. Eat such fruit, the light cause gastrointestinal discomfort, the heavy can lead to acute gastroenteritis, and even lead to human cell mutation or cancer.

9. Handkerchiefs are multi-purpose or mixed with other things: a handkerchief is unhygienic when it is used to wipe the nose and wipe the mouth. Not often cleaned or put together with other things handkerchiefs are very easy to cause upper respiratory tract infections or facial boils and other diseases. Because of the paper money, keys and other things with a lot of germs and eggs, easy to contaminate the handkerchief. With such a handkerchief to wipe hands, wipe the mouth of people prone to intestinal infections and parasitic diseases. Therefore, the handkerchief should be washed frequently to keep it clean; the best with two handkerchiefs, a wipe nose, a wipe mouth; handkerchiefs should not be mixed with banknotes, keys and other miscellaneous items, so as not to handkerchiefs are contaminated.

10. Long-term use of cups with tea rust: some people think that tea rust is the formation of long-term deposits of tea, harmless, so usually very little to wash, in fact, this is wrong. Tea rust contains a variety of harmful substances, can lead to kidney, liver, gastrointestinal organs such as lesions.

11. Often remove the brown rust in the aluminum pot: do so the aluminum pot looks clean, but in fact removed a protective film on the surface of the aluminum pot. Because the brown rust on the aluminum pot is a kind of aluminum oxide, can prevent the dissolution of aluminum into the water diet, thus reducing the body's absorption of aluminum, is conducive to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

12. Towel drying with used fluorescent tubes: Some families use used fluorescent tubes to dry towels or handkerchiefs, that is very hygienic. Unbeknownst to them, the lamp ends are rusted or the lamp itself has a crack, the tube of mercury, phosphor and a small amount of ammonia and other toxic substances will gradually ooze out or volatile, contaminated towels or handkerchiefs, thus endangering human health. If into the eyes, can cause vision loss or even blindness. These toxic substances will also pollute the indoor air, causing chronic poisoning.

13. Immediately after drinking, bathing after meals: people with heart disease immediately after drinking with cool water bath, will be overburdened by the heart and lead to death. Even for normal people, it is not advisable to take a bath immediately after meals. Because the bath will increase the blood flow to the limbs and body surface, and reduce the blood supply to the stomach and intestines, thus affecting the digestive function of the stomach and intestines.

14. spit: spitting is an uncivilized habit, should be abandoned. But there is phlegm not spit, swallowed into the stomach, is also a bad habit. Because this will be phlegm in a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and parasite larvae into the body, the corresponding infection or even disease.

15. Toothbrush head upside down in the cup: after brushing teeth, the toothbrush head down in the wash cup, toothbrush between some food debris will become a source of nutrients for the bacteria, to make it a large number of breeding. When you brush your teeth again, the bacteria in the toothbrush and their decomposition products may invade your body and affect your health.

15. Hand-washing with public soap: Hand-washing with soap is for cleanliness and hygiene, but if you are using public **** place restroom soap hand-washing, the result may be just the opposite. Healthy people and unhealthy people **** with a piece of soap, so that bacteria, viruses have the opportunity to infect, the soap acts as a medium of disease transmission. In addition, wash your hands after turning off the water should be rinsed with water first faucet, so as not to wash your hands due to contact with the switch and re-bacteria.

16. After washing hands and not before washing hands: big, after urinating and washing hands can prevent the spread of parasitic eggs and intestinal pathogens, but compared to this, before washing hands is more important, and this is often ignored. If you don't wash your hands before going to the toilet, the various pathogens on your hands may touch the external genital organs and perineum with the help of your hands and cause infections. In today's high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, it is more important to wash your hands before you go.

17. After the toilet paper forward wipe: this practice is extremely unhygienic, especially for women, it is easy to cause their urinary and reproductive tract infections. Because of this, the feces in a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and parasitic eggs, it is easy to contaminate the female vulva through the toilet paper, causing vulvar infections, and even retrograde upward, causing infection of the internal genitals and urinary system.