Chinese-Japanese Sino-Japanese War in 1894 (Lunar Year of the First Sino-Japanese War), Japan provoked the first large-scale war of aggression against China with a surprise attack on the Qing Dynasty army and navy, known as the Sino-Japanese War. The Sino-Japanese War is Japan's foreign aggression and expansion, "open up thousands of miles of waves, cloth national prestige in the four directions" of the inevitable product.
February 1894, North Korea broke out in a peasant uprising, pushed Seoul, the Korean government requested the Qing government to send troops to help suppress. At the request of the Korean government, the Qing government sent troops to Korea, stationed at Asan, and notified Japan in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty of Tianjin. As early as after the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government decided to use Joseon as a springboard to annex the whole of China and Asia as a "continental policy", and at this time, it sent troops into Joseon under the pretext of protecting the embassy and overseas Chinese. The Korean government saw the entry of the Japanese army, realizing the seriousness of the situation, hoping to pacify the uprising as soon as possible, in order to make China and Japan withdraw their troops. 10 June, the rebels and the government reached a "Jeonju Peace Treaty", Seoul tends to be calm. By this time, the Qing government suggested that China and Japan*** withdraw their troops together, but this was rejected by Japan. Japan's intention to create trouble, provoking war has been clearly revealed. July 25, Japan undeclared war, in the Yellow Sea on the surface of Fungdao sank Chinese troop ship "Gao Sheng", at the same time, the Japanese Army in Asan, the Chinese army launched an attack, provoked the Sino-Japanese War of aggression against China.
After a sudden attack by the Japanese, the Qing government was forced to respond to the war, which was declared on August 1 at the same time. Li Hongzhang appointed Ye Zhichao, who retreated from Asan, as the commander-in-chief and stationed in Pyongyang. on September 15, the Japanese army invaded Pyongyang, and the Qing army defending Pyongyang had Zuo Bao Gui, Wei Rugui, Ma Yukun, and Feng Sheng A. The four armies, together with Ye Zhichao's troops who had retreated from Asan, amounted to about 14,000 men. But as the commander of the whole army Ye Zhichao greedy for life and fear of death, as soon as he heard that the Japanese army is approaching, they advocate abandoning the city to escape, was Zuo Bao Gui forced to stop. Zuo Bao Gui generous speech, inspired the generals said: "the enemy hanging army, it is appropriate to surprise attack, so that it only wheel not return, dare not look at the Central Plains ...... a man to build a career in this, as for the success or failure of the temporary do not have to count also." In order to prevent Ye Zhichao absconded to shake the military center, Zuo Bao Gui sent his soldiers to monitor him. Zuo Bao Gui in person at the Xuanwumen gate head to command the battle, unfortunately hit by the gun and died.
After the death of Zuo Bao Gui, Ye Zhichao ordered the whole army to retreat, and fled 500 miles in one day, escaping back to the country.
On September 16th, the Japanese army occupied Pyongyang, and Korea came into the hands of the Japanese army, which made the fire of the war burned to China's mainland very soon.
The day after the battle of Pyongyang (September 17), the Japanese fleet at the mouth of the Yalu River in the Yellow Sea south of the Dadonggou, surprise attack on China's Beiyang fleet, the Chinese and Japanese navies had a fierce battle. At the beginning of the battle, the Beiyang Navy Governor Ding Ruchang was injured, Ding Yuan ship steward Liu Buchan instead of Ding Ruchang supervised the battle, calm command. The Chinese navy fought bravely. Chiyuanshi Deng Shichang in the ammunitions run out, resolutely ordered, full power rushed to the Japanese ship Yoshino, ready to die with it, unfortunately was hit by a torpedo, the whole ship officers and men died heroically. Jingyuan ship steward Lin Yongsheng also led the generals to fight to the last moment of life. Naval battle began at noon, lasted five, six hours, China lost Zhiyuan ship and other five ships, Japan's flagship Matsushima was seriously wounded, Saikyo Maru and other four ships traumatized. Although China's losses are serious, but the main force still exists, Japan gathered to annihilate the Beiyang fleet in the Yellow Sea premeditated did not materialize, the Beiyang fleet as long as the regrouping, can still fight with the Japanese, but Li Hongzhang in order to save the strength of their own factions, but ordered the Beiyang fleet to "save the ship to avoid the war," hiding into the Weihaiwei harbor, not allowed to meet the enemy on sea patrols. In this way, the right to control the sea for the Japanese control, China was attacked by the Japanese army on land and sea.
Late October, the Japanese army in two ways to attack the border of northeastern China, the first army across the Yalu River, captured the city of JiuLian, the second army from the Datong River shipping to the Liaodong Peninsula of the garden landing, encircle Dalian, Lushun. Lushun and Weihaiwei across the sea, is the gateway to the Bohai Sea, is a fortress with modern equipment in the North Atlantic. 6 November, the Japanese attack on the back road town of Lushun Jinzhou, General Xu Bangdao led the troops to respond to the battle, heavy casualties, the fall of Jinzhou. 7, Dalian was lost without a fight. 18th, the Japanese army attacked Lushun. Naval Governor Ding Ruchang see the situation is critical, personally went to Tianjin, please rate the Beiyang fleet to aid, was rejected by Li Hongzhang. I hope that I can help you in your fight against the Japanese. I hope that I can help you in your fight against the Japanese, but I do not think that I can. Only Xu Bangdao led his troops to fight for three days and Lushun fell. Japanese troops in Lushun created a tragic "Lushun tragedy", which lasted three days and nights, blood wash the whole city, massacred my compatriots more than 18,000 people. Witness to the massacre of the British Aaron in the book "Lushun in distress" wrote: "After the Japanese army entered the city, the road was full of the bodies of those who had been killed, and it was impossible to recognize the road. In a pond, standing full of Japanese troops, driving a group of civilians, jumping into the pond. Just see the water there are severed head, waist, through the chest, broken belly, stirred into a mess. There is a woman holding a child surfaced, is crawling to the shore, the Japanese soldiers on the bayonet aimed at her heart stabbed through, the second on the child, only to see the bayonet picked upward, the child was picked on the head of the gun. In another place, 10 Japanese soldiers caught a lot of Chinese people fleeing, the braids together, as a gun target. Some chopped off a hand, some cut off an ear, some chopped off a foot, some beheaded". 1895 in Lushun established the "Wanzhong Tomb" inscription recorded the atrocities of the Japanese army: "Guangxu Jiewu October (November 1894) Japan's defeat of the alliance. Lushun is not defended, the official when the businessmen and women were more than eighteen hundred men and women were killed, loyal skeletons cremated, ashes buried here." After the fall of Lushun, the Beiyang fleet anchored in Weihaiwei harbor, became the main target of the Japanese attack. Weihaiwei is located in the northeastern Shandong Peninsula, remote to Lushun, Dalian, the harbor is crescent-shaped, harbor surrounded by Liugong Island. The island and the harbor north and south are equipped with gun batteries, and the harbor fleet with each other, can form a three-dimensional intersection of powerful firepower, enough to deal with the sea to the strong enemy. However, if the shore batteries failed to defend, it will form the harbor and Liugong Island north-south pincer situation. 1895 January 20, the Japanese army in order to avoid attacking from the front of the port of Weihai, from the south of Weihaiwei Rongcheng Bay Chengshan Angle landed, from the back of the land raid Weihaiwei, the Japanese Navy blockade from the sea of Weihaiwei. Hiding in the harbor of the Beiyang fleet was attacked from the back. Then, the Japanese army captured the north and south of the two gangs of fortresses. After the Japanese occupation of the fort, the artillery turned to the harbor, bombardment of the Beiyang fleet. The Japanese navy launched an attack on February 3 on Liugong Island and the Beiyang Fleet, which was valiantly fought by the Chinese soldiers. Beiyang fleet flagship Dingyuan hit by torpedoes, Liu Buchan ordered the ship to Liu Gong Island, outside the iron pier, the warship as a turret, until the ship's shells are all out, only to blow themselves up and sink, Liu Buchan also committed suicide and martyrdom. At this time, Ding Ruchang advocate sinking the ship to die, but the ministry of the people refused to carry out the order, and forced Ding Ruchang surrender, Ding Ruchang would rather die than surrender, in despair, committed suicide and martyrdom. February 12, the United States foreign member of the Hao Wei stole the name of Ding Ruchang cursive begging to surrender, handing over the remnants of the ship 11, Liu Gong Island on the turret and the military equipment. In March, the Japanese army concentrated its forces to capture Liaodong, has occupied Niuzhuang, Yingkou, Tianzhuangtai and other key military sites, wherever they went, wantonly burned and killed.
After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, due to the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government and some of the generals of the Qing army, no matter in the Korean battlefield or in China's domestic battlefields, always repeated defeats. As early as the Japanese occupation of Liaodong Peninsula, the Qing government began to ask Japan for peace through diplomatic channels. After the fall of Weihaiwei, the Qing government more eager to seek peace, so sent Li Hongzhang as Minister Plenipotentiary, went to Japan to negotiate peace. 1895 April 17, the Qing government and Japan signed a humiliating "Treaty of Shimonoseki", recognizing the cession of the Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan and the Pescadores, compensation for the military expenditure of 200 million taels of silver, allowing Japan to open factories in China, the opening of the city of Sha Shi, Chungking, Suzhou, Hangzhou, etc., as a commercial port. Due to the intervention of Russia and other countries, Japan returned the Liaodong Peninsula to China, but China gave Japan 30 million taels of silver as "redemption fee" as compensation. The Treaty of Shimonoseki is imposed on the Chinese people on the unequal treaties, Japan from China plundered hundreds of millions of dollars, for its further launch of the war of aggression against China laid the material foundation, cut off the occupation of Taiwan so that the island of Taiwan to leave the motherland as long as half a century, the compatriots of Taiwan from then on fell into the Japanese invaders of the cruelty of colonial domination.
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