Windbreak (Saposhnikovia divaricata (Trucz.) Schischk.) is a perennial herb with a stout, slender, cylindrical, yellowish-brown root. Stem solitary, more branched from the base, nearly as long as the main stem, finely ribbed, basal leaves clustered, with long, flat petioles and broad leaf sheaths at the base. Leaf blade ovate, stalked. Cauline leaves similar to basal leaves but smaller, terminal leaves simplified, with broad leaf sheaths. Compound umbels numerous, borne on stems and branches, apical peduncle 2-5 cm long; rays glabrous; umbellules with 4-10 flowers; involucral bracts absent; involucral bracteoles linear, apex ca. 3 mm, calyx teeth shortly triangular; petals obovate, white, glabrous. Double pendant fruit narrowly orbicular, warty when young, gradually smooth at maturity; flowering August-September, fruiting September-October.

Produced in China in Heilongjiang, Jining, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, and other provinces and regions. It grows in grasslands, hills, and gravelly slopes. The roots are used medicinally for treating colds, headaches, peripheral joint pain, and neuralgia. (Overview image source:)

Basic introduction Chinese name: Fangfeng Latin name: Saposhnikovia?divaricata?(Trucz.) Schischk. Alias: Beifangfeng, Guanfangfeng (Northeast), Zheliganwei (Inner Mongolia) Boundary: Botanical kingdom Kingdom: Angiospermae phylum Orphanmata: Dicotyledonous phyllophyta suborder: Primitive perianths subclass Order: Umbelliferae family Family: Umbelliferae Subfamily: Celery Subfamily: Celery Group: Lipospermum Genus: Fenghuang Genus Species: Fenghuang Distribution area: Northeast China, North China, Northwest China Named by and dated from (Trucz.) Schischk. 1951 Morphological characters, Habitat and area of origin, Habitat of growth, Propagation, Seeding, Transplanting, Rooting, Cultivation, Fertilization, Field management, Harvesting and processing, Disease control, Powdery mildew, Spotted blight, Main values, Morphology, Morphological characters, Fertilization, Fertilization, Field management, Harvesting and processing, Pest control, Powdery mildew, Spotted wilt Main Values, Morphological Characteristics Perennial herb, 30-80 cm tall. Roots stout, slender cylindrical, divergent, yellowish brown. The root head is covered with fibrous leaf stumps and obvious rings. Stem solitary, more branched from base, obliquely ascending, nearly as long as main stem, finely ribbed, basal leaves clustered, with long compressed petioles and broad leaf sheaths at base. Leaf blade ovate or oblong, 14-35 centimeters long, 6-8(-18) centimeters wide, bi- or nearly ternary pinnately divided, first lobe ovate or oblong, stalked, 5-8 centimeters long, second lobe proximally shortly stalked, last lobe narrowly cuneate, 2.5-5 centimeters long, 1-2.5 centimeters wide. Cauline leaves similar to basal leaves but smaller, terminal leaves simplified, with broad leaf sheaths. Compound umbels numerous, borne on stems and branches, apical peduncles 2-5 cm long; rays 5-7, 3-5 cm long, glabrous; umbellules with flowers 4-10; no involucral bracts; involucral bracteoles 4-6, linear or lanceolate, apex long, ca. 3 mm long, calyx teeth short-triangular; petals obovate, white, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, retuse at apex, inflexed ligule. Double pendant fruit narrowly orbicular or ellipsoid, 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, warty when young, gradually smoothing at maturity; vittae 1 usually in each furrow, vittae 2 on commissure; endosperm flat on ventral surface. Fl. 8-Sep, fr. 9-Oct. Habitat Produced in China in Heilongjiang, Jining, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, and other provinces and regions. It grows in grasslands, hills, and gravelly slopes. Growth habit wind resistant to cold, drought, avoid too wet and rain flooding, wind on the soil requirements are not very strict, but should choose the terrain of high and dry sunny land, soil to loose, fertile, deep soil, well-drained sandy loam is most suitable. Clay, floodplain, acidic or heavy saline land should not be planted. Propagation method Sowing Autumn sowing and spring sowing can be. In northern China, autumn sowing is mostly in late autumn before freezing, autumn sowing is preferred to use dry seeds, the next spring seedlings, seedling flush, seedling rate is high, the root texture is solid, powdery enough, good quality. Spring sowing should be in mid to late May, that is, when the ground temperature reaches 15 ℃ or more. Spring sowing germination and seedling emergence rate is low, before sowing the seeds in 35 ℃ warm water soaked for 24 hours, fished out a little dry outer skin before sowing. When sowing, in a good bed, according to the row spacing of 20 cm, open a shallow ditch 3-5 cm deep, mulch 1-1.5 cm, slightly compressed. Sow about 2 kg per mu. Seedlings can be sown in spring or fall, in the whole seedbed according to the row spacing 10-15 cm cross-border furrow, 5 cm deep, the seeds evenly spread in the ditch, mulch 2 cm, slightly compressed, mu sowing amount of 6-8 kg. Thatch on the bed to keep warm and moist, watering, 20-25 days after sowing can be seedlings. After sowing the spring drought should be timely watering, so that the soil moisture content of 40%, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Seedlings should be weeding and loosening the soil 3 times in a row, so that the bed is weed-free. When the seedlings are 8 cm high, fertilize with 1000 kg of stable fertilizer and 15 kg of calcium superphosphate. Root section In the fall or early spring harvest, select the thick 0.7 cm or more root strips, cut into small sections 3-5 cm long, according to the rows and plants 50 × 15 cm spacing dug holes planting, hole depth of 6-8 cm, each hole into a root section, can not be inverted planting, and then cover the soil 3 cm. Mu with about 50 kg of seed root. Can also be planted in the late fall, planting the roots according to the 10 × 3 cm spacing between the rows of plants, to wait until the root section of the upper part of the growth of indeterminate buds or the following spring when 1-2 leaves are grown before planting. Cultivation techniques Land preparation and fertilization Artificial cultivation should choose a deep, well-drained, loose and fertile, sunny loam, sandy loam or humus loam as a bed. Apply 2000 kg of farmyard fertilizer per mu. Use a large ridge high bed, bed width 130-140 cm, length as needed, bed height 10-12 cm, bed spacing 30 cm. Field management Plowing and weeding: several times before June, to keep the field clean. When the plants close the rows, remove the old leaves first, and then cultivate the soil to prevent the roots from falling down; in the winter, combined with the cleanup of the field, cultivate the soil again to facilitate the overwintering of the roots. Inter-seedling, seedling fixing and seedling replenishment. Seedling height of 5 cm, according to the plant spacing 10 cm between seedlings; seedling height of 10-13 cm, according to 30 cm spacing seedlings. Transplanting to replenish the missing seedlings. To transplant with soil, water in time after planting, in order to facilitate the survival. Fertilizer. When the base fertilizer is sufficient and the growth is robust, the first year may not be fertilized. Otherwise, can be in the clumps of leaves before sealing acres of rotted cake fertilizer 50 kg or urea 5-10 kg plus 7 kg of diammonium phosphate. In the second year, when the green, mu of manure 1000 kg plus 7 kg of diammonium phosphate, or 15 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu plus 7-8 kg of diammonium phosphate. Irrigation and drainage. After sowing until seedling emergence, the soil should be kept moist to prevent the soil surface from sloughing, affecting the emergence of seedlings. Attention should be paid to timely drainage and flood prevention during the rainy season to avoid rotten roots and dead seedlings. Remove shoots. For plants more than two years old, in June-July when the shoots and flowers, in addition to retaining seeds, should be removed in a timely manner when the flower shoots are found. Harvesting and processing Harvest in winter from late October to mid-November or in spring before sprouting. Fenghuang propagated by seed can be harvested in the second year. Spring split-root propagation of windbreak, in the conditions of adequate water and fertilizer, lush growth, when the root length of 30 cm, more than 1.5 cm thick, can be harvested that year. Autumn sowing in the following year in October-November harvest. Harvesting must be from one end of the bed to open a deep ditch, digging in order, after the root dug out to remove the residual stems and soil. Each mu can harvest 200-300 kg of dried herbs. Disease Control Powdery mildew mainly harms the leaves and young stems, producing white, nearly round, dotted powdery spots on the leaves and young stems at the early stage of the disease, and gradually spreading later, with all the leaves and young stems covered with powdery white material. When the disease is severe, it causes early defoliation and stem dieback. This disease is a fungal disease, the pathogen to closed capsular shell in the diseased plant residue overwintering. The following spring when the temperature and humidity conditions are suitable for the release of ascospores, direct invasion from the epidermis to cause primary infection. The molecular spores produced on the diseased plant, spread through the wind and rain, for frequent repeated infestation.

Control methods: (1) agricultural control. Strengthen field management, timely removal of disease residues in the fall and winter can reduce the source of overwintering bacteria, pay attention to field ventilation and light. (2) Pharmaceutical control. In the early stage of the disease, spray 40% flusilazole suspension agent 10,000 times liquid, 12.5% Zhixinxing wettable powder 500 times liquid, 2-3 times. Spotted wilt mainly affects the leaves, and the stalks can also be victimized. Leaf blades infected spots born on both sides of the leaf, round to nearly round, size 2-5 mm, brown, the central color is slightly lighter, bearing small black granules, that is, the pathogenic bacterial conidiophores. The disease is a fungal disease, the pathogen overwinters on diseased leaves or stems with conidia, and the conidia spread by airflow in the following spring, causing primary infection and reinfection.

Control measures: (1) agricultural control. Reasonable close planting, pay attention to ventilation; scientific fertilizer management, improve plant resistance; clean the field before winter, burn off the remains of the disease, reduce the source of bacteria. (2) Pharmaceutical control. At the beginning of the disease, you can remove the diseased leaves, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 70% diclofenac manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times and other agents, depending on the condition of the spray 2-3 times, the interval of 7-10 days, in order to prevent the expansion of the infection. Main value The root is used for medicine, and is one of the famous medicinal herbs in northeast China. It has the efficacy of sweating, expectorant, wind expulsion, publication and analgesic, and is used to treat colds, headaches, peripheral arthralgia, neuralgia and other conditions. Fenghuang is used as medicine by its roots. It is pungent, sweet and warm in nature. It has the effect of relieving the surface sweating, expelling wind and removing dampness, and is mainly used for treating wind-cold cold, headache, fever, joint pain and tetanus; in addition, the leaves and flowers of Fangfeng are also available for medicinal use.