Chicken raising technology
1 site selection and use
Providing superior henhouse environment is the first condition for raising chickens well. Idle mountains, woodlands and orchards in rural areas can all be used as places for raising chickens, but the site requires openness, smooth air, relatively flat ground and no worries about surrounding activities. There is enough distance between fields, and it is relatively far from roads and living areas. The field is separated from the outside world by isolation belt, fence or purse seine, and there is enough room for activities in the field. Keep chickens away from other birds or animals when they are active. Generally, a farm raises 3 ~ 4 batches a year, and implements the system of all-in and all-out, raising 12 feathers per square meter, and overgrazing is not allowed, and rotational grazing is advocated. After each batch is released from the market, it must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected and left vacant for more than 2 weeks. Disinfect for more than 3 ~ 5 times, and change the disinfectant variety every time. So as to achieve that purpose of thorough disinfection.
2 brooding management (0? 30 days old)
2. 1 Clean and disinfect the brooding room before brooding, and prepare the water tank, sink, padding, feed, common medicines, heat preservation facilities, etc. , and fumigate and disinfect the required equipment and padding (chaff) for 24 hours before seedling 1 week, and do a good job of preheating before seedling 12 hours. If the temperature does not reach when the chicks arrive, put all the boxes containing the chicks in the heat preservation room (away from the heat source). At this time, you can feed the chicken with water first, and then slowly put the chicken into the incubator when the indoor temperature is enough.
2.2 heat preservation measures heat preservation is the first level. It is the most critical level for raising chickens. First of all, it is required that the brooding room can be insulated. However, there should also be windows, and the height of the bungalow should be1.6 ~1.8 m. It is best to use wooden ceiling (with strong water absorption). Kang heating, iron trunk pipeline heating, infrared bulb heating and other general insulation methods can be used. When chicks 1 day-old, the indoor temperature should reach 30 ~ 32℃, and then decrease by 2℃ every week until the temperature drops. The heat preservation time in summer is 10 ~ 20 d, or even shorter. The heat preservation time should reach 40 d or even 50 d in winter. The key to observe whether the chicks' body temperature is normal is to see whether the chicks are evenly distributed, whether they are moving normally, eating, drinking, sleeping, or not. If the temperature is not enough, pullorum is easy to occur. At this moment, the chickens screamed. Thin feces stick to the anus or see the anus damp. At this time, the chicks should be heated and treated with drugs.
2.3 Immunization Program and Preventive Medicine Chickens were injected with MD vaccine subcutaneously for 3 times at the age of 65438 0 days; 4 ~ 5 days old with broken beak. The chicken beak can be ironed with a perforated soldering iron with a diameter of 0.4 cm. It is not only simple and fast, but also achieves the goal of minimum stress. When the beak is broken, vitamins, vitamin K and preventive antibiotics are added to the drinking water. At the same time, choosing vaccination can reduce the number of times of catching chickens and reduce the pressure. The dilution concentration of fowlpox vaccine is required to be sufficient, generally 500 per bottle, and the amount of 1/4 vaccine bottle plus water for injection is sufficient. Take a small amount of vaccine with a pen tip and stab 1 needle on the inside of chicken wings without blood vessels; At the age of 5 ~ 6 days, nasal immunization with 1 double dose of Newcastle disease transmissible LHl20 vaccine or drinking twice as much water (adding proper amount of multivitamins within 3 days before and after immunization). Clean the water dispenser thoroughly before immunization, and don't disinfect it. After stopping water for 2 hours, the vaccine was diluted according to the water consumption per thousand feathers 1 kg. It is best to add a protective agent to the vaccine, evenly add it to the water dispenser, and then evenly place the water dispenser in the house. Chickens can't add water immediately after drinking water, and then add water after resting for half an hour): 1 ~ 6 days old to prevent pullorum disease: Besides heating, we mainly rely on adding drugs such as florfenicol, enrofloxacin or cloxacillin into drinking water, and immunize chickens with twice the amount of bivalent attenuated vaccine of bursa of fabricius: 8 ~ 9 days old (method as above); 12 ~ 15 years old, injected with avian influenza vaccine subcutaneously in the neck and back, with 0.35~0.40mL per feather (pay attention to leave enough space when catching chickens and fencing to avoid accidents caused by overcrowded chickens); 10 ~ 20 13 years old, keep warm and properly ventilated. At this time, the size of the window can be determined according to the weather. It is advisable to open a unilateral window and adjust the air by opening the window. So as not to form air convection; When 15 ~ 30 days old, a preventive amount of anticoccidial drugs, such as ampicillin or Qiubiqing, should be added to drinking water twice a day. The dose should be increased in time when the disease occurs, and even 8 million U penicillin should be added to the drinking water of 10 kg. At this point, the gasket should be replaced. Achieve the purpose of clearing the oocysts in the filler; At the age of 2L ~ 23 13, the bivalent vaccine of chicken bursa was used to drink water three times: 25? Immunize 28 1 3-year-old children with1double dose of Newcastle disease vaccine and LH52 vaccine or 2-3 times dose of drinking water drops.
2.4 feeding management points
2.4. 1 Select high-grade chicken flower material as fresh complete feed to meet the nutritional needs of chicks. Energy 13.40 MJ/kg, crude protein 2 1%, enough vitamins and minerals, etc. It is suggested that 10 ~ 20-day-old chicks use regular brand feed 5 10# or Hualong 400#, and the consumption of chicken flower feed is 250 ~ 300 g/feather; Feed should be added several times, and then added after eating. The bucket should be cleaned and disinfected once a week 1 time. 2L ~ 40 13 days old, use medium chicken feed 5ll# or Hualong medium chicken feed 402#, and the general dosage of medium chicken feed is 800 ~ 900g/feather.
2.4.2 Clean and hygienic drinking water generally adopts granular materials. It is convenient to add drugs and additives to water. Add medicine evenly. Follow the instructions or double the dose. Dissolve it in a barrel first, then expand it in proportion and add it to each kettle. During the brooding period, chicks should add a proper amount of water-soluble multivitamins to their drinking water when they are under stress such as vaccination, broken beaks, illness, bad weather, transfer and disinfection. Water should be added in time, and the water level should be sufficient. Clean at least 1 time every day and disinfect 1 time every month. Thoroughly clean the parts of the water dispenser that are not easy to clean, such as the position of the water tank and the inside of the pot 13.
2.4.3 Cleaning, disinfection and overall disinfection are very important. Don't stay in words, but focus on implementation. All utensils should be cleaned and disinfected regularly, and the disinfection environment should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Packing should be replaced regularly to keep soft and dry. Chickens should be disinfected every week 1 time. Generally, broad-spectrum disinfectants with high efficiency and low toxicity are used alternately, such as Xiaotongling, caustic soda, bacterial toxin and perchloric acid.
2.4.4 The feeding density of timely brooding is 40N50/brood? 20 years old. 20? 30/ m2 40-day-old reduced to 20/ m2? .
2.5 Preventive measures
1) Grasp the brooding temperature and pay attention to the judgment standard. Novices should hang thermometers in the shed to facilitate judgment, and prepare charcoal, wood and other heating fuels when there is a power shortage. If the temperature can't meet the requirements, we should catch chickens in cartons for the night.
2) Chickens should drink warm water of 30 ~ 40℃ 3 days before brooding, and add anti-dysentery drugs. The standard for judging white dysentery is mainly to look at the anus of chicks. There are watery feathers attached to the anus, indicating white dysentery.
3) The brooding temperature should be kept at 32 ~ 33℃ especially in the first three days, and then gradually decreased, with a weekly decrease of 2℃ until the temperature drops. But the temperature should not be too high. Too high will cause dehydration, screaming, irritability, staying away from heat sources, binge drinking and so on.
4) The ground of the henhouse should be kept dry, clean and soft, and there should be no foreign objects, because chicks will have pica when there are foreign objects, and the padding should be removed in time. Generally, the padding should be cleaned within 1-2 weeks 1 time.
5) Before entering the chicks, add vitamins and a small amount of antibiotics to the water in advance, and add a small amount of chicken flower material to the food plate and bucket. After everything is ready, observe whether the indoor temperature reaches 32 ~ 33℃. If not, don't put the chicken first. When the indoor temperature meets the requirements, put them in and close the door.
6) There should be a duty system at night to prevent accidents such as power failure and pile pressing.
7) Chickens should choose high-grade feed to enhance their physique.
8) Adjust the density of chicks in time, so that chicken feathers have enough room for growth and activity.
9) According to the climate, increase or decrease the air circulation, and handle the relationship between heat preservation and ventilation.
10) If you want to raise chickens well, you should be diligent, observe carefully and keep up with all the work in time.
3. Growth period management (30 ~ 42 days old)
The management of the growing period is relatively easy, including density, heat preservation and ventilation, preventive medication, sanitation and disinfection, increasing exercise, adding green feed (multiple chicks), feeding in time and drinking more water. The management of the growth period focuses on the following aspects.
The chickens in 1 grow rapidly and must have enough oxygen. Density should be divided in time, and cattle should be moved or fenced in time. The density is generally 15 ~ 20 /mz, and preventive antibiotics should be added two days before and after population transfer. Start grazing on sunny days, and don't let it go on rainy days. If it rains suddenly, you should get back in time and take preventive medicine.
2) Although the growth intensity of China chickens is lower than that of brooding period. But the weight gain is still very fast. The increase of food intake is the main stage of the growth and development of bones and internal organs. Therefore, the nutrition of chicken feed should be comprehensive, generally requiring energy 12. 14 MJ/kg, crude protein 19%, amino acids and vitamins. Transition from chicken feed to medium chicken feed. A gradual transition approach should be adopted. That is, the two materials are mixed evenly, hello 2? Three-dimensional. Adjust the height of the bucket in time to be flush with the chicken back.
3) According to cold weather, hot weather and temperature difference between morning and evening, handle the relationship between heat preservation and ventilation, and open and close doors and windows in time to avoid respiratory diseases such as chicken cold. Once the condition is mild, immediately use thiopental sodium, ciprofloxacin and other drugs for treatment.
4) Do a good job of sanitation and disinfection. Take chicken for disinfection and ground environment disinfection every week 1 time. Clean the swimming pool/kloc-0 times a week, and disinfect the swimming pool with clean water if necessary. The sink is cleaned 1 time every day, the bucket is cleaned 1 time every week, and the padding is replaced every two weeks 1 time. If the padding is poorly managed, too dirty, hard or even muddy, chickens are prone to colibacillosis. At this time, the padding should be replaced immediately, and drugs such as florfenicol and rifamycin should be added to the drinking water for treatment.
5) Scarf chickens eat grass, some wild grass and insects, and generally their feathers are very bright. If you can't eat wild food, you should add a variety of vitamins to the water towel. Turn off the lights at night 10: 00, and let the chickens have a full rest.
6) The water level should be sufficient. When the water level drops, increase drinking water in time to meet the growth needs. Adjust the water level in time to let the chickens drink water smoothly.
7) Pay attention to disinfection, put on rain boots and work clothes, and refuse to visit.
8) Pay attention to careful observation. When you are on duty at night, listen carefully for abnormal sounds when the chicken breathes. Whether the chicken is quiet.
9) Make various records, including feed, medication, chicken status, death number, temperature, density, etc.
10) if it is mixed seedling feeding, it is best to feed males and females in groups at this time to reduce the rate of defective products. Conducive to weight gain.
4 fattening period management (over 43 days old)
Fattening is to promote fat deposition, increase fatness, improve meat quality and increase feather brightness. Focus on the following aspects.
1) strengthen Newcastle disease vaccine immunization 1 time: the time is arranged at the age of 50 ~ 65 days, and L strain vaccine or NDC30 is injected subcutaneously (intramuscularly). 86 vaccines drink 3 times as much water.
2) Distribute the density (1.2 feather /m2) in time or eliminate the residual chickens, and sell some chickens first to reduce the density and cost.
3) Improve the energy level of diet, that is, use chicken feed, the energy level is generally 13.40 MJ/kg and crude protein 16%.
4) The number of water tanks and water tanks shall be sufficient (1100).
5) Do a good job of sanitation and disinfection, and keep the indoor environment clean and comfortable.
6) The light intensity should be weak, and the lights should be turned off after 10: 00 at night.
7) Reduce feed waste and feed cost. Feed accounts for 70% ~ 80% of the total cost. Pay attention to the following links to reduce feed waste:
(1) Use regular grooves, the number of grooves should be sufficient, and the groove height should be appropriate;
(2) Feed from regular manufacturers should be selected, with uniform particle size and good taste;
(3) Feeding should be more than one meal a day. Can't feed too much at a time;
(4) accurate beak cutting is beneficial to reduce feed waste;
(5) The feed storage room should be sealed to prevent rats.
8) Sell chickens at night and go public in due course. Turn off the lights when selling at night, catch the chicken with a flashlight, and don't disturb other chickens. Because with the increase of age, the feed conversion rate gradually decreases and the feed-meat ratio increases. In order to reduce costs and improve efficiency, it should be listed in time. Grasp the market information, analyze the price trend and decide the best time to go out.
9) Clean up chicken manure in time. Clean, disinfect and empty the henhouse before disinfection for later use.
Chicken raising technology under forest
1 site selection
Not all forest land can be used to raise chai chicken. Woodland with high and dry terrain, good drainage, good ventilation and light transmission should be selected, and it is best to intercrop grass under the forest to avoid raising chai chicken under economic forests (such as apples, pears, apricots and peaches).
2. Do a good job in disease prevention and control.
According to the growth requirements of chickens, brooding should be concentrated in the nearest town (or top area), and then kept in the forest for about 30 days. During the brooding period, epidemic prevention should be done well. The specific epidemic prevention procedures are as follows: 1 day old, and Marek's disease vaccine is injected subcutaneously in the neck. At the age of 5 days and 17 days, the new kidney branch 28/86 vaccine was used for eye drops and nose drops. 1 1 day-old, 25-day-old, nasal instillation of bursal disease vaccine; At the age of 30 days, a new H52 vaccine was injected subcutaneously. After stocking, those who need to be vaccinated should drink water for immunization, and those who need injections or vaccinations should also arrange to isolate chickens into groups and immunize them one by one at night to reduce the stress of chickens.
3 feed supply
According to the situation of forage and insect resources in the forest, it is more beneficial to the normal growth and development of chickens and improve economic benefits to formulate reasonable artificial supplementary feeding times and frequencies, at least 1 time per day and supplementary feeding in the evening; Drinking water should be kept clean and hygienic, and it should be replaced at least once a day, especially in hot summer.
4 environmental disinfection
Because free-range chickens are in direct contact with the external environment, higher requirements are put forward for environmental sanitation and disinfection compared with those raised in houses. Generally, the place should be disinfected 1 time every week to reduce the existence of pathogenic microorganisms. When selecting disinfectants, it is necessary to use them in a variety of rotations and cross-use. Commonly used disinfectants are: ① Compound phenols: Fungicide, Nongjiafu, Fungicide, Lysol, etc. It has a good killing effect on pathogenic microorganisms. (2) Aldehydes: glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, etc. It is an efficient disinfectant, and its gas or liquid has a powerful killing effect on microorganisms. ③ Quaternary amine salts: Disinfection -99, tetramethyl phenol salt, etc. It has a good killing effect on bacterial propagules and lipophilic viruses. ④ Chlorine-containing preparations: 84 disinfectant, Jundujing, Youchlorojing, etc. It can kill various microorganisms and can be used for disinfection of drinking water. ⑤ Peroxides: peracetic acid, etc. The disinfection effect is good and the price is low, but it is corrosive to some extent.
How to save feed by raising chai chicken under the forest;
Farmers raise chickens in the forest to feed Chai chickens, which is easy to cause feed waste. The following measures can effectively prevent feed waste in the production process.
Choose the tank or barrel scientifically and control the feeding quantity reasonably. Because free-range chickens tend to be crowded when eating, they often knock over troughs or buckets, resulting in waste of feed. Therefore, in the process of feeding, the trough or barrel should be fixed, and its height should be consistent with the height of chicken back, and the number should be increased appropriately. Don't add too much at a time, just add it to 1/3 of the capacity of the tank or barrel, and it is appropriate to eat the chicken for 40 minutes. Feed it four times a day. Feed more when it is cold in the morning and evening in summer, and feed less when the temperature is high at noon.
Scientifically mix ingredients, reduce feed cost, make use of local raw material resources, and select cheap raw materials on the premise of keeping feeding standard unchanged, so as to effectively reduce feed cost. For example, some fish meal can be replaced by cake-like raw materials, or some soybean meal can be replaced by sesame cake, peanut meal and rapeseed meal.
Eliminate chickens that do not meet the standards in time. Chickens that do not meet the standard refer to sick, weak, disabled individuals and hens that have low yield or stopped production. In addition, redundant cocks should be eliminated in time.
Scientific custody of feed The warehouse where feed and raw materials are stored should be dry and ventilated to prevent feed from mildew. When purchasing raw materials, they should be purchased in small batches for many times according to production needs, so as to minimize the storage time of raw materials and prevent mildew. In addition, it is also necessary to prevent mouse and bird damage and reduce unnecessary waste.
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5. What are the skills of broiler feeding management?