King of Blood Oranges: Tarouco New School, etc.
Ponkan variety
Like lemons.
Explanation:
Citrus belongs to Rutaceae. Sex likes warm and humid climate, and its cold tolerance is slightly stronger than pomelo, lime and sweet orange. The plants of Rutaceae and Citrinae are distributed between north latitude 16 ~ 37. It is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except Fructus Aurantii), and there are three genera of Fructus Aurantii, Citrus and Kumquat used for economic cultivation. Citrus grown in China and other countries in the world is mainly citrus. ?
Flowers solitary or 2-3 in clusters; Calyx irregularly 5-3-lobed; Petals are usually less than 1.5 cm long; Stamens 20-25, slender style, head-shaped stigma. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruiting period is10-65438+February.
History:
Citrus is the general name of orange, tangerine, tangerine, kumquat, pomelo and bitter orange.
China is one of the important origins of citrus, which is rich in citrus resources and has a variety of excellent varieties. It has been cultivated for more than 4,000 years. After long-term cultivation and selection, citrus has become a precious fruit of human beings.
In Shimen, Hunan, citrus cultivation has a long history. As early as more than two thousand years ago, the patriotic poet Qu Yuan wrote the famous poem Ode to an Orange in his hometown. According to textual research, citrus originated in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, went down the Yangtze River and spread to the south of Huaihe River. The lower reaches of the Yangtze River, until the Lingnan area. After long-term cultivation by the people of China. Choice, citrus has become a precious fruit of human beings. In 65438+5th century, the Portuguese brought China sweet orange to the Mediterranean coast for cultivation, which was called "China Apple" locally. Later, sweet oranges spread to Latin America and the United States. 182 1 year, the British came to China to collect specimens and brought kumquat to Europe. 1892, the United States introduced ponkan from China, which was called "China tangerine". Oranges and oranges are collectively called "Mandarin" in English, which means "precious oranges in China". Citrus was planted in Kagoshima and Long Island of Japan in the Tang Dynasty and selected by mutation. Citrus is cultivated in five continents, among which Brazil, the United States, China, Japan, Spain, Italy, Morocco, Mexico, Israel, South Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Argentina, India and Australia have the largest planting area and output.
According to textual research, it was not until A.D. 147 1 year that oranges, oranges and other citrus fruit trees were introduced from China to Lisbon, Portugal, and it was not until A.D. 1665 that they were introduced to Florida, USA. In China, Huangyan, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province is the hometown of citrus.
Features:
Citrus consists of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Little tree. Single compound leaf, wing leaves are usually narrow, or only trace, the leaves are lanceolate, elliptic or broadly ovate, with different sizes, and the top is often notched. Midrib branches branch from the base to the vicinity of notch, at least the upper half of the leaf margin usually has blunt teeth or rounded teeth, and rarely the whole edge. Flowers solitary or 2-3 in clusters; Calyx irregularly 5-3-lobed; Petals are usually less than 1.5 cm long; Stamens 20-25, slender style, head-shaped stigma. The leaves of leafy citrus are evergreen and single compound leaves, which are composed of leaf body and leaf wing. Leaflets are attached to the petiole. Different citrus varieties have leaves of different sizes and shapes. Roots are groups composed of taproots, lateral roots, fibrous roots and root hairs with extremely short ends, which are collectively called roots. Layered or propagated plants, rootless. The joint between the trunk and the root is called the root neck. Branches The branches of citrus are composed of trunk, main branch and lateral branch.
Fruit-shaped species, usually oblate to nearly spherical, have thin and smooth skin, or thick and rough skin, light yellow, vermilion or crimson, easy or slightly easy to peel off, more or less orange mesh, easy to separate mesh, usually soft, with large and empty stele, sparse and full petals, 7- 14, sparse and many, and thin or slightly thick capsule wall, soft. Seeds are more or less numerous, sparse and seedless, usually ovoid, with narrow top and round bottom. Cotyledons are dark green, light green or occasionally nearly milky white, purple syncope, more embryos and less single embryos. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruiting period is10-65438+February.
Growing environment:
The growth, flowering and fruiting of citrus fruit trees are closely related to environmental conditions such as temperature, sunshine, moisture (humidity), soil, wind, altitude, topography and slope direction, among which temperature has the greatest influence. Even if the temperature difference is 0.5℃, sometimes there will be completely different results. The growth and development of citrus need a temperature of 65438 02.5 ~ 37℃. The day and night temperatures of flower bud differentiation in autumn are about 20℃ and 65438 00℃, respectively, and the soil temperature of root growth is roughly the same as the ground temperature. If the temperature is too low, oranges will be frozen. When the sweet orange is at -4℃ and the satsuma orange is at -5℃, the branches and leaves will be frozen. When the sweet orange is below -5℃ and the satsuma orange is below -6℃, the plants will freeze to death.