Introduction to traditional festivals:
1, Spring Festival.
The Spring Festival has a long history, commonly known as Spring Festival, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, and so on. People often say that it is this day. At present, the Spring Festival is held on the first day of the first lunar month in a narrow sense, and from the first day of the first lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month in a broad sense. During the Spring Festival, various activities to celebrate the Spring Festival are held all over the country, with strong regional characteristics.
Custom: The New Year's greeting is centered on offering wishes and praying for the new year, and is carried out in the form of activities such as removing old cloth, welcoming the new year, worshipping the gods and ancestors, and praying for a good harvest. The content is rich and colorful, lively and festive, and the annual flavor is rich. Chinese New Year has a long history, and some relatively fixed customs have been formed in the process of inheritance and development, many of which have been passed down from generation to generation, such as holding new year's goods, sweeping dust, posting new year's red, having a reunion dinner, observing the new year's eve, paying homage to the new year, paying New Year's greetings, dancing dragons and lions, worshipping the gods and ancestors, burning firecrackers, burning fireworks, playing god games, making annual regulations, betting on boats, praying for blessings, temple fairs, playing gongs and drums, and so on. Traditional festival ceremonies and related custom activities are important contents of festival elements, bearing rich and colorful festival cultural connotations.
2. Lantern Festival.
Lantern Festival, also known as Lantern Festival, the first lunar month, Shangyuan Festival, etc., is the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year. The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the first full moon night of the year, so people call it the "Lantern Festival".
Custom: Because Lantern Festival has the custom of displaying and watching lanterns, it is also known as "Lantern Festival" among the people. Lantern Festival mainly includes a series of traditional folk activities such as viewing lanterns, eating glutinous rice balls, solve riddles on the lanterns and setting off fireworks. In addition, folk performances such as playing with dragon lanterns, playing with lions, walking on stilts, rowing on dry boats, dancing yangko and playing Taiping drums have been added to the Lantern Festival in many places.
3. The dragon looks up.
Dragon Head Raising, also known as Spring Farming Festival, Spring Dragon Festival, etc., is a traditional folk festival, which falls on February 2 of the lunar calendar every year. "Dragon" refers to the astrology of the Seven Hostels in black dragon in the East in the Twenty-eight Hostels. At the beginning of the month of mid-spring every year, the "Dragon Horn Star" rises from the eastern horizon, so it is called "Dragon Head Up".
Customs: among the people, there are many customs on the second day of February, and most of them are named after "dragon"! For example, shaving your head on this day is called "shaving the dragon head", eating pork head is called "eating dragon meat", and there are some dzi, carrying the dragon head, dancing dragon lanterns, rowing dragon boats and so on! ?
4. Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival and ancestor worship festival, is a traditional major spring festival in China at the turn of mid-spring and late spring. In addition, the time in Tomb-Sweeping Day is around April 5 of Gregorian calendar.
Custom: Every Qingming Festival, no matter where people are, they will go back to their hometown to participate in ancestor worship activities and remember their ancestors. Tomb-Sweeping Day is rich in customs, which can be summed up as two festivals and traditions: one is to respect one's ancestors and be cautious in pursuing the future; The second is to have an outing and get close to nature. The culture of Qingming etiquette and custom fully embodies the humanistic spirit of the Chinese nation's respect for ancestors and cautious pursuit of the future. In the ancestor worship ceremony, we should be cautious and pursue the distance, and enjoy the spring fun in the outing.
5. Dragon Boat Festival.
Also known as Duanyang Festival, Chung Wu Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, etc., before the Han Dynasty, it was the noon day of the dry branch calendar, and after the Han Dynasty, it evolved into the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Dragon Boat Festival has a variety of festival activities. Like the Spring Festival, its customs contain cultural connotations such as praying for blessings and eliminating disasters, which has entrusted people with a good wish to welcome the good fortune and ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters.
Customs: "The main customs of the Dragon Boat Festival include dragon boat racing, eating zongzi, picking herbs, hanging wormwood and calamus, worshipping ancestors, flying kites, drinking Pu wine, realgar wine, cinnabar wine, playing polo, jumping Zhong Kui and fighting grass, among which dragon boat racing and eating zongzi are the most important and symbolic customs. ?
6. Chinese Valentine's Day.
Chinese Valentine's Day is also known as the Seventh Sister's Day and Begging for Cleverness Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. Chinese Valentine's Day, derived from the worship of the stars, is the birthday of the seventh sister in the traditional sense. Because the worship of the seventh sister was held on the seventh day of July, it was named Tanabata.
Customs: The seventh day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar is the annual Chinese Valentine's Day. In ancient times, the activities of Begging for Cleverness mainly focused on the single love women Vega, so this day is also called Begging for Cleverness. In Chinese Valentine's Day, there are customs such as threading needles to beg for cleverness, planting children, drying books and clothes for Niu Qingsheng, offering music for grinding and drinking, worshiping the Weaver Maid, worshiping Kuixing and eating proper fruit.
7. Mid-Autumn Festival.
It is the name of Taoism, which is called July 30 and July 14 in folk customs, and the festival of ancestor worship in Buddhism, which falls on July 15 of the lunar calendar.
Customs: There are mainly ancestor worship, setting off river lanterns, offering sacrifices to the dead, burning paper ingots and offering sacrifices to the land. ?
8. Mid-Autumn Festival.
Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Mid-Autumn Festival, Moon Worship Festival, Reunion Festival, etc., takes place on August 15th of the lunar calendar.
Custom: The Mid-Autumn Festival has had folk customs such as offering sacrifices to the moon, enjoying the moon, eating moon cakes, playing with lanterns, enjoying osmanthus and drinking osmanthus wine since ancient times. ?
9. Double Ninth Festival.
The Double Ninth Festival is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is a traditional folk festival. Up to now, it has added the connotation of respecting the elderly, enjoying a banquet on the day of Chongyang, and being grateful for respecting the elderly.
Customs: In the Double Ninth Festival, there were some customs in ancient times, such as climbing high to pray for blessings, enjoying chrysanthemums in autumn, planting dogwoods, offering sacrifices to the gods and ancestors, and holding banquets for longevity.
10, winter solstice.
The winter solstice is not only an important solar term among the 24 solar terms, but also a traditional folk festival to worship ancestors, which lasts around December 22nd.
Customs: In the southern region, there is the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and feasting on the winter solstice; In the northern region, there is a custom of eating jiaozi every winter solstice. ?
1 1, Laba Festival.
Laba Festival has gradually become a well-known folk festival, commonly known as "Laba", which is celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month every year and is mainly popular in northern China.
Custom: Mainly "drink Laba porridge".
12, off-year.
Because there are differences in the days of "off-year" due to local customs, in the early and middle Qing Dynasty, the sacrificial stove was always the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, and at least until the Qianlong period, it was the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month.
Custom: Eating stove candy is one of the folk customs that opens the curtain for celebrating the Spring Festival in the off-year every year, which means that the kitchen god says good things in heaven and keeps peace in the lower world, which is a good wish of working people. In addition, they will also clean the house, also known as sweeping dust and removing dust, which entrusts the working people with a good wish to ward off evil spirits and disasters, welcome auspicious blessings, and have the habit of eating rice cakes and jiaozi. ?
13, New Year's Eve.
New Year's Eve is also called New Year's Eve. On New Year's Eve, every family is busy or cleaning the courtyard, removing the old cloth and making decorations.
Custom: Eat jiaozi on New Year's Eve, and jiaozi, also known as Jiaozi or Jiaoer, means the alternation of old and new. On New Year's Eve, you should also eat carp and crucian carp. Carp is homophonic with ceremony and crucian carp is homophonic with auspicious. Eating carp and crucian carp together in the New Year means good luck. In addition, New Year's greetings should be posted. New Year's greetings are the red festive elements such as Spring Festival couplets, door gods, window grilles, New Year pictures and blessings. ?
Definition of traditional festivals:
Traditional festivals are an important carrier of inheriting excellent history and culture, which not only increase people's knowledge and benefit from festivals, but also help to show culture, carry forward virtues, cultivate sentiments and carry forward traditions. Folk festivals are the product of the evolution and development of human civilization, and most of the festival customs have begun to emerge in ancient times. The formation process of traditional festivals is the process of precipitation and cohesion of Chinese national history and culture. In the historical development and evolution, dynasties changed, and the ancient calendars changed greatly. There were 102 calendars before and after * * *, and the specific dates of some "traditional festivals" in ancient and modern times were actually different. In the history of the Chinese nation, many festivals have been born, some of which have remained, and some have been "lost" halfway. ?
List of all festivals (lunar calendar and lunar calendar) in China:
The first lunar month:
(1) The first day of the first month, Spring Festival. In ancient times, it was called the beginning of the year and the beginning of the year. Legend has it that the Buddha was born in the Yuan Dynasty in Taoism and Maitreya in Buddhism.
(2) The second day of the first month, Dog Day.
(3) The third day of the first month, Pig Day.
(4) the fourth day of the first month, sheep day.
(5) the fifth day of the first month, ox day. Breaking the fifth day, opening the market, the birth of the mythical god of wealth.
(6) the sixth day of the first month, horse day. Send the poor day.
(7) the seventh day of the first month, man's day. Also known as man conquers the festival and sends Vulcan.
(8) The eighth day of the first month, Valley Day. In Taoism, the birthday of Lord Yan is the Eight Immortals Day.
(9) the ninth day of the first month, the sun. The Nine Emperors' Meeting is said to be the birthday of the Jade Emperor in Taoism.
(10) On the tenth day of the first month, the earth and the sun. Stone birthday (stone sacrifice).
(1 1) The twelfth day of the first month, Fire Day. In folk customs, mice marry their daughters-in-law, fry soybeans (mouse eyes), light a hundred fires, and lose all diseases.
(12) On the 13th day of the first month, the (trial) lighting day. Guan Gong ascended to heaven.
(13) The 15th day of the first month, Lantern Festival. Zhengdeng Day, Taoist Shangyuan Festival, is the birthday of Tianguan.
(14) On the 18th day of the first month, the lights went off.
Lunar February:
(1) February 1st, Zhonghe Festival. Sun birthday.
(2) the second day of February, the Spring Dragon Festival (the first tooth). Also known as the Dragon Head Rise and the Qinglong Festival, it is the birthday of Buddha Jigong in Buddhism.
(3) On the third day of February, the mythical birthday of Emperor Wenchang.
(4) February 12th, Flower Festival (February 15th). Also known as Flower God Festival, Hundred Flowers Birthday and Flower God Birthday (flowering period).
(5) February 15th, nine days in Taoism, the birthday of Empress Xuan Nv. The birthday of Taishang Laojun in Taoism.
(6) February 19th, the birthday of Guanyin Bodhisattva in Buddhism.
(7) February 21st, the birthday of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra in Buddhism.
Lunar March:
(1) March 3rd and Shangsi Festival. The girl went back to her mother's house, the birthday of the Yellow Emperor, the birthday of Zhenwu Emperor in Taoism, and the fairy tale of the Queen Mother having a flat peach party.
(2) March 15th, the birth of Marshal Zhao Gongming in myth, and the birth of mother Taishan in Taoism.
(3) After the winter solstice 105 or 106 days; The day before in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the Cold Food Festival. The lunar calendar date is not fixed.
(4) Tomb-Sweeping Day. One of 24 solar terms, usually in the second half of February to the first half of March.
Lunar April:
(1) On the first day of April, hail gods were sacrificed.
(2) The fourth day of April, the birthday of Manjushri in Buddhism.
(3) On the eighth day of April, the Bathing Buddha Festival (Longhuahui) is the birthday of Sakyamuni in Buddhism.
(4) April 12th, the birthday of the Snake King in Taoism.
(5) April 14th, the birthday of Taoist immortals (Lv Dongbin's birthday).
(6) April 18th, the birthday of Hua Tuo, the imperial doctor.
(7) April 28th, the birthday of Yaowang (Shennong).
May of the lunar calendar:
(1) The fifth day of May, Dragon Boat Festival.
Lunar June:
(1) June 6th, Clothes-washing Festival. Sun Fu Festival "June 6, sun red and green." "Aunt's Day" and "June 6th, please aunt". In ancient times, it was another festival, called Tianwan Festival, and June 6 was also a festival of Buddhist temples, called Fanjing Festival, to worship mountain gods.
(2) On June 19th, avalokitesvara attained enlightenment in Buddhism.
(3) June 24th, Guan Gong's birthday, the birth of Raytheon in mythology, and the birthday of Lotus.
Lunar July:
(1) On the first day of July, sacrifice to Poseidon.
(2) On the seventh day of July, it is known as Qixi Festival, July 7th, and Beggar's Day.
(3) On July 15th, it was the birthday of the local officials, and there was a Bonin Festival in Buddhism, which was handed down from generation to generation, commonly known as Ghost Festival in Confucianism and Zhongyuan Festival in Taoism.
(4) July 18th, the birthday of the Chinese and Western Queen Mother of Taoism.
(5) July 20, cotton birthday.
(6) July 23rd, Zhuge Wuhou's birthday.
(7) July 30th, the birthday of Buddha, the King of Earth-Tibet in Buddhism (Earth-Tibet Festival).
August of the lunar calendar:
(1) On the first day of August, the Day of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
(2) The third day of August, the birthday of Kitchen Jun in Daodu.
(3) The eighth day of August, the mythical Yaochi Conference.
(4) August 12th, the birthday of King Pangu.
(5) August 15th, Mid-Autumn Festival.
(6) August 20th, rice birthday.
(7) August 27th, Confucius' birthday.
Lunar September:
(1) On the ninth day of September, the Double Ninth Festival and Yuan Di's enlightenment.
(2) On September 19th, avalokitesvara became a monk in Buddhism.
October of the lunar calendar:
(1) On the first day of October and the October Dynasty, the Cold Clothes Festival is a festival for ancestor worship, also known as the Ghost Festival.
(2) October 15th, the Taoist Festival of the Next Yuan, the birthday of Shui Guan.
Lunar November:
(1) The winter solstice, also known as the southern solstice, is one of the 24 solar terms used to determine the order of the month and the leap month. The winter solstice is within the month of November (that is, the first day of November at the earliest and the 29th or 30th of November at the latest). Because both solar terms and Gregorian calendar are solar calendar attributes, the solar terms and Gregorian calendar dates are relatively fixed, and the winter solstice usually occurs after Gregorian calendar1February 22nd.
Lunar December:
(1) The eighth day of December, Laba Festival, is the Buddha's enlightenment day in Buddhism.
(2) December 16, tail teeth.
(3) December 23rd/24th, Festival of Sacrificing Kitchen, Day of Cleaning Dust and Day of Sacrificing Kitchen, commonly known as "off-year", also known as off-year.
(4) On the 25th of December, jade was connected to the roads.
(5) December 29th/30th, except for the day, except for the day in the evening, which is called New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, etc., the folks call it New Year's Eve and New Year's Eve, close the well (to worship the well god), stick up Spring Festival couplets, welcome the god of wealth, eat New Year's Eve, and keep old.