Garlic is a semi-annual herbaceous plant of the genus Allium in the Liliaceae family. Garlic is made from garlic heads, garlic sprouts and young leaves. It is rich in nutrients and has a unique flavor. It is both a condiment and a traditional Chinese medicine. It has anti-cancer effects. Deeply loved by consumers.

Garlic planting time

Garlic planting time varies depending on the purpose of cultivation. Most of the garlic sprouts and garlic heads are sown in September-October. As the saying goes, "onions in July" "August garlic" (lunar calendar), green garlic (young leaves) can be planted in August, and the requirements for the sowing period are not very strict.

Garlic planting methods

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

The roots of garlic are distributed in the surface layer of the soil, and the root absorption capacity is weak. Choose fertile and loose soil. It is best to plant in soil with strong water retention and drainage properties. In order to facilitate the occurrence of garlic fibrous roots and the absorption of nutrients, the planting land must be properly plowed. The base fertilizer is mainly manure, and garbage, plant ash, etc. can be added. Apply about 2,000 kilograms of base fertilizer per mu. . After plowing and raking, the compartments are divided into compartments according to the planting habits of each place. Generally, the compartment width is 110-150 cm and the height is 15-20 cm.

2. Sowing

The garlic cloves for seeding must be selected and graded before sowing. Strictly start before harvesting in the field, and select garlic that matures early and has the characteristics of this variety. Plant garlic. When sowing, divide the garlic cloves into three levels: large, medium and small according to their size, and plant them separately to facilitate field management. In order to break the dormancy of garlic and promote growth, garlic cloves should be sun-dried for 1-2 days before sowing. You can soak the seed cloves in water for 1-2 days before sowing.

Sowing method: When sowing, first open a trench from one end of the box, sow the garlic cloves in sequence according to the spacing between the plants, then open a second trench according to the spacing between the rows, and cover the first trench with soil from the second trench. Proceed step by step. After covering the soil, you can also cover the surface with a layer of crop straw to prevent the topsoil from compacting and promote the elongation of the leaf sheaths.

Sowing density: Because the purpose of planting varies greatly, for the purpose of harvesting garlic heads and garlic sprouts, the row spacing is 13-20 cm, the plant-to-plant spacing is 10-13 cm, and the seed amount per acre is 100-150 kg. For planting green garlic, the row spacing is 10-13 cm, and the plant-to-plant spacing is 10-13 cm.

3. Field management

Garlic field management mainly includes top dressing, cultivating and weeding. One of the main measures for high yield of fertilization is to topdress 2-3 times in the seedling stage, mainly applying human and animal excrement. After winter, topdress heavy fertilizer once to promote the elongation of garlic sprouts and expansion of garlic heads. Do not fertilize too thick to avoid causing rot. When the garlic seedlings are small, they can be cultivated. When the seedlings are 35 cm high, they should be cultivated shallowly. During the growth period of garlic leaves, it is necessary to cultivate and weed frequently to keep the soil surface loose and prevent it from compacting. If conditions permit, a layer of crop straw can be spread on the compartment surface, which can not only retain water and fertilizer, but also prevent soil compaction and inhibit the growth of weeds.

Before garlic overwinters, watering is combined with top dressing. During the bulb expansion period, pay attention to drainage and avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise the new garlic sprouts may grow leaves again. If the soil is too wet, the garlic cloves will easily fall apart, affecting the quality and storage of the garlic heads.

4. Prevent the occurrence of single garlic, sproutless double clove garlic and loose garlic.

Single garlic, sproutless double clove garlic and loose garlic are all abnormal bulbs. Often affects the quality and yield of garlic.

One-headed garlic is caused by planting aerial bulbs, or the soil is thin, lack of fertilizer and water, or pests and diseases, etc. The method to prevent it is to choose larger garlic cloves for planting, plant reasonably densely, and strengthen field management so that Plants grow normally.

The sproutless double-clove garlic is a garlic clove formed by the side buds of the bulb, and then sprouts into a second-level garlic clove. This kind of garlic clove is very small, and the entire bulb is divided into several garlic cloves, thereby reducing the commercial value. The cause is caused by insufficient low temperature and insufficient light. The method to prevent it is timely sowing and strengthening fertilizer and water management. .

Loose clove garlic is caused by excessive fertilizer and water in the early stage, which causes the garlic to sprout and form new leaves before harvesting, causing the entire bulb to grow many small ones and no longer become fat. Or because the harvest is too late, the bulb rots in the soil and the garlic cloves scatter. The prevention method is not to sow seeds too early in autumn.

When the bulbs begin to swell, control the amount of fertilizer and water used and harvest them in time.

5. Harvesting

About 20 days after harvesting, garlic sprouts can be harvested when one-half to one-third of the leaves turn yellow. If there is rain at this time, If harvested too late, it is easy to rot. After harvesting, the garlic cloves are easy to fall apart and are not easy to store.