Acute glomerulonephritis, referred to as nephritis, is a pathological change caused by the body's immune response to certain disease factors, mostly infection by hemolytic streptococci, and the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomeruli. , causing glomerular inflammation and damage. The disease can occur at any age, but is more common in children. The dietary principles are: low-protein diet, restriction of sodium and water, control of potassium when oliguria or anuria occurs; intake of more alkaline foods and less acidic foods.

(1) Low protein

The amount of protein supplied depends on the condition. For those with mild symptoms, it should be controlled at 20 to 40 grams per day to reduce the burden on the kidneys. The time of low protein should not be too long to prevent the occurrence of anemia. Once blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance are close to normal, regardless of whether there is proteinuria or not, the protein supply should be gradually increased to 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day to facilitate the recovery of renal function. You should choose high-quality proteins that contain more essential amino acids and less non-essential amino acids, such as eggs, milk, lean meat and fish, and avoid using beans and their products.

(2) Limit sodium and water

Give a low-salt, no-salt or low-sodium diet based on the condition, urine output and edema. In addition to not adding salt and soy sauce, a low-sodium diet should also avoid eating foods high in sodium.

(3) Control potassium intake

When oliguria or anuria occurs, potassium intake should be strictly controlled and water should be limited to less than 500 ml per day. Avoid foods high in potassium, such as fresh mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, dates, shellfish, beans, vegetables and fruits.

(4) Supply energy in an appropriate amount

Treatment is a combination of rest, medication, and diet and nutrition. In severe cases, bed rest is required, which reduces energy consumption, reduces activity, and reduces appetite. Therefore, the daily energy supply should not be too high, preferably 6694.4 to 8368 kilojoules throughout the day.

(5) Sufficient amount of carbohydrates and appropriate amount of fat

Most of the dietary energy is supplied by carbohydrates. It is advisable to add sweet desserts, vermicelli, jelly, etc. There is no need to strictly limit the total amount of fat, but feed less animal fats and fried foods. The diet is mainly light.

(6) Supply sufficient amounts of vitamins

Use more fresh green leafy vegetables and fruits, unless potassium salt is restricted during the oliguric period, when vegetables need to be strictly limited. During the recovery period, more foods such as yam, red dates, longan, and white fungus should be provided. You can choose cabbage, scrambled eggs with tomatoes, fried shredded carrots, etc. to supplement vitamin A, vitamin C and B vitamins.

(7) Choose more alkaline-forming foods

Foods can be divided into acidic and alkaline-forming foods. Acid-forming foods refer to the production of acidic substances after metabolism in the body, mainly grains, beans and protein-rich meat foods. Alkaline-forming foods mainly refer to vegetables, fruits and milk. Among the above foods, eggs are the most acidic, and kelp is the most alkaline. The acid-forming ability of foods is ranked as follows (from largest to smallest):

Acid-forming foods: eggs gt; white rice gt; brown rice gt; oysters gt; chicken gt; eel gt; flour gt; carp gt; pork gt; Beef gt; Dried squid gt; Beer gt; Peanuts gt; Barley gt; Shrimp gt; Bread gt; Seaweed gt; Lusheng.

Alkaline foods: tofu gt; milk gt; soybean gt; onion gt; lotus root gt; pumpkin gt; cucumber gt; potato gt; persimmon gt; lettuce gt; strawberry gt; apple gt; carrot gt ;Banana gt; Pear gt; Tea gt; Watermelon gt; Radish gt; Spinach gt; Kelp.

(8) Limit irritating foods

Limit spices and irritating foods, such as fennel, pepper and other food metabolites containing purine, which are excreted by the kidneys and can increase the burden on the kidneys. Therefore, it is not advisable to eat too much; animal livers, kidneys and other internal organs contain a lot of nuclear protein, and their metabolites contain high levels of purine and uric acid, so their use should also be limited.