Farm rental fee: generally 400-600 yuan/year, which may be lower in some places.
Feed: 6000-7000 yuan
Seedling: 654.38+1 00000 per mu, 654.38+00 * 500 = 5000 yuan per100000 500 yuan.
Net gear: 400 yuan:
Fishery drugs and disinfectants: 100 yuan
Hydropower: 200 yuan
Others: 1000
The cost accounting is 13000- 14000 yuan.
Calculation of breeding profit:
After feeding 65438+ ten thousand fry for half a year, the output can reach about 2000 kg. According to the minimum 15 yuan, the price per kg of loach is 2000* 15=30000 yuan. After deducting the cost, the net profit is 16000- 17000 yuan. It is conceivable that loach breeding is profitable and has a broad market prospect.
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus belongs to CYPRINIDAE. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is known as "ginseng in water", which is delicious, tender and nutritious. "Misgurnus anguillicaudatus drilling tofu" is a famous traditional dish at home and abroad. It also has high medicinal value and is an important aquatic product for China's foreign trade export. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has become an important aquaculture species because of its strong adaptability, few diseases, high survival rate, strong reproduction, convenient transportation and easy availability of bait. This paper briefly introduces the technical points of loach breeding, pond culture, rice field culture, disease control, fishing and transportation.
1
1. 1 pond conditions
The soil pond is the best for raising seedlings, with an area of 30 ~ 100? The depth of the pond should be 40 ~ 60 cm, fish slides should be dug in the pond to facilitate its habitat and heatstroke prevention and cold protection, the bottom of the pond should be compacted, fish nets should be set at the entrance and exit, a silt layer of 15 ~ 20 cm should be laid at the bottom of the pond, and duckweed should be placed in the pond, with an area of about14 of the total area.
1.2 clear water culture pond
Use 20 ~ 30 kg10d of quicklime before loach enters the pond. Wash the pond with water for disinfection. 300 ~ 400 kg/667 after disinfection? The decomposed human and animal manure is used as the base fertilizer culture water, and the pool water is increased to 30cm. When the water turns green and the transparency reaches 15 ~ 20 cm, loach seedlings can be released.
1.3 fry stocking
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus seedlings began to eat on the second day after breaking the membrane. After feeding for 3 ~ 5 days, their body length is about 7mm, their yolk sacs disappear and they can swim freely horizontally. At this time, they can enter the pond and enter the seedling stage. The stocking density of loach fry is 800 ~ 1000/? Desirable, in the case of micro-flow water can be appropriately increased. Note that the same batch of loach fry with the same hatching specifications should be kept in the same pond to ensure the balanced growth of fry and improve the survival rate.
1.4 Feeding management
Young loach just entering the pond has strong feed selectivity, so it is necessary to cultivate palatable baits such as rotifers and small phytoplankton, filter them with a 50-mesh quasi-sieve, feed them along the pond, and properly feed them with cooked egg yolk, fish powder, milk powder, bean cake and other fine feeds. When loach seedlings's body length reaches 1cm, he can already eat insects, insect larvae and organic debris in the water, and can mix cooked plant feed such as bran, bran, corn flour and wheat flour with chopped animal feed such as fish, shrimp and snail meat for 3-4 times a day. At the same time, the proportion of compound feed is gradually increased in the feed to make it gradually adapt to artificial compound feed. Feed should be placed on the food table about 5 cm away from the bottom of the pool, and littering is strictly prohibited. The daily feeding amount in the early stage is 2% ~ 5% of the total weight of loach fry, and it is 8% ~ 10% in the later stage. Loach likes fat and water, so topdressing should be done in time. Organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and duck manure can be applied, packed in woven bags and soaked in water, and the dosage is about 0.5kg/? ; Fertilizer can also be topdressing, ammonium nitrate 2g/ piece? When the water temperature is high, urea is 2.5g/? . At ordinary times, we should do a good job in water quality management, replenish fresh water in time and adjust water quality. Feeding 1 month or more, loach seedlings is 3 ~ 4 cm long, and it can be transferred to adult loach breeding when mud drilling begins.
2 Pond for raising loach
2. 1 pond construction
Choose a place sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with convenient water diversion, weakly alkaline sediments and no pesticide pollution, with an area of 100 ~ 250? The depth of the pond is 0.7 ~ 1m, and the pond can be a cement pond or a soil pond. The wall of the earthen pond should be made of masonry or compacted with concrete, and the bottom of the pond should be compacted to be firm and durable without loopholes. The bottom of the pond should be paved with 20 ~ 30cm fertilizer mud. The inlet and outlet are blocked with iron wire or plastic net, and the bottom of the pool is inclined to the outlet, which is convenient for drainage and fishing.
2.2 hydroponics and seed release
Clean and disinfect the pond according to the method of seedling raising, keep the depth of pond water at 30 ~ 50 cm, and apply organic fertilizer such as pig manure to cultivate the water quality, with the dosage of 20 ~ 30 kg/ 100? . After the medicinal properties disappear and the pond water is turned into fertilizer, loach species can be released, and the stocking density of 3-4 cm loach species is 50-60/? , there are running water conditions can be appropriately increased.
2.3 Feeding management
On the basis of improving water quality and providing natural bait, it is necessary to increase animal feed such as maggots, earthworms, mussels, fish meal, small miscellaneous fish, livestock and poultry leftovers, plant feed such as wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs and cake meal or artificial compound feed. Generally, loach is fed 1 time every morning and afternoon, and the daily feeding amount is 5% ~ 10% of loach's weight. Feeding should be flexible according to water quality, weather and food intake. When the water temperature is above 15℃, the appetite of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus increases gradually. The suitable temperature range for feeding is 20 ~ 30℃, and the appetite is particularly strong at 25 ~ 27℃. If it is above 30℃ or below 15℃, you don't need to feed it in a thunderstorm. In addition, reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the water quality and fertility, and the transparency of pool water should be controlled at 15 ~ 20 cm, and the water color should be yellow-green. When the water temperature reaches 30℃, the pool water should be changed frequently and the water depth should be increased. When loach often swims to the surface to "swallow", it means that there is no oxygen in the water, so we should stop fertilizing and inject new water. In winter, the depth of the pool water should be increased, and manure such as cow dung and pig manure can be applied at the corner of the pool to raise the water temperature and ensure the safe wintering of loach.
Cultivate loach in rice fields
3. 1 paddy field conditions and transformation methods
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus can be cultivated in muddy, weakly alkaline and non-cold-soaked rice fields. The paddy field area for raising loach should not be too large, generally around 1000m2. Ridges should be reinforced, nets or plastic sheets should be buried to prevent loach from escaping, and net barriers should be added at the entrance and exit, with an area of 2 ~ 3? A pit with a depth of more than 60 cm. Connected with the pit, several vertical and horizontal ditches are excavated, the width and depth are 30 ~ 40 cm respectively, and the pit and ditch area accounts for about 10% of the total rice field area, which is the habitat of loach when it is exposed to high temperature in summer, applied with pesticides and fertilizers, and dried in the rice field, which is convenient for centralized fishing.
3.2 Inventory
The suitable stocking time of loach seeds is 40kg/ 100 after rice transplanting and one tillage. Apply decomposed livestock manure to into the pit and ditches 3-4 days before sowing. , improve the water quality, and then put 20,000 ~ 25,000 loach species of 3 ~ 4 cm every 667m2.
3.3 feeding
After loach is stocked, it is fed with bran, dry cake, earthworm, silkworm chrysalis powder and animal viscera. In the early stage, the daily feeding amount was 5% ~ 8% of the loach's weight, and then it was about 5%, and the feed was put in the ditch. At the same time, topdressing should be carried out in time according to the water quality, and the topdressing amount is 15kg/ 100? . Use pesticides as little as possible in rice fields, choose high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides when necessary, and spray them on cloudy days. At the same time, keep the water fresh and prevent excessive feeding and fertilization from affecting the water quality.
4 disease control
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has many diseases, mainly including the following.
4. 1 Shui Mu
4. 1. 1 Symptomatic loach is attached to Myxomycetes albicans. This disease mostly occurs in the period of low water temperature, and fish are prone to infection when injured.
4. 1.2 control measures
(1) Try to avoid mechanical damage when catching and transporting loach; (2) Soak the diseased loach in 4% salt solution for 5 ~ 10 min or in 4g/m3 malachite green solution for 20 ~ 30 min.
4.2 rotten fin disease
4.2. 1 The fin, abdominal skin and anus of the diseased loach are congested and ulcerated, the tail fin and pectoral fin are white and ulcerated, and both sides of the fish are swollen from beginning to end with erythema.
4.2.2 Control measures (1) 1g/m3 bleaching powder or 0. 1g/m3 furazolidone; (2) Soak 15 ~ 20min with 20g/m3 furan substance solution, or mix 0.04% furan substance with feed for 3 days.
4.3 Parasitic diseases
4.3. 1 Symptoms The diseased loach is thin, often floating on the water, uneasy, or circling around the water, with increased mucus on the body surface. Most of them are caused by rotifers, tongue cups and third-generation worms and parasites.
4.3.2 Control measures (1) Spraying 0.7g/m3 mixed solution of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5∶2) in the whole pond can control rotifers and tongue polycythemia; (2) Spraying 0.5g/m3 crystal trichlorfon in the whole pond can prevent the third generation zoonosis.
4.4 White body red ring disease
4.4. 1 Symptoms The diseased loach's body is grayish white with red rings. This disease is caused by long-term storage of loach after capture.
4.4.2 Control measures (1) When loach is stocked, it shall be soaked in 5g/m3 malachite green solution15 ~ 20min; (2) spraying 0.2-0.3g/m3 malachite green on the whole pond; (3) Move the sick loach into a still pool for a period of time.
4.5 Foam disease
4.5. 1 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus fry with symptoms floats on the water. It is caused by too much oxygen or other gases in the water, which mainly harms fry.
4.5.2 Control measures (1) Sprinkle 4 ~ 6kg/667m2 of salt in the whole pond; (2) Immediately rush into clear water or yellow mud; (3) Remove spoilage bacteria in the pond in time, and do not apply unfermented fertilizer. At the same time, master the dosage of bait and fertilizer to prevent the deterioration of water quality.
4.6 the enemy's injury
Eliminate snakes, frogs, snakeheads, centipedes, safflower and other harmful organisms.
5 fishing
5. 1 washing method
Put the fishing tools into the water inlet, and then put the water into the pool. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is stimulated by flowing water, and clustered in the upper reaches of the water and near the water inlet. At this time, pull up the preset net and you can catch the loach.
5.2 capture method
Put the cooked bones of cattle and sheep or fried rice bran and wheat bran into a net or fish cage to attract loach with its fragrance.
5.3 dry pool method
In winter, when the water temperature drops to 15℃ ~ 12℃, the loach will drill into the bottom mud of the pond and can only be caught in the dry pond. Drain the water first, divide the pond and rice field into several pieces, and dig a drain in the middle, so that the loach will be concentrated in the drain and easy to catch. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus raised in rice fields can also be soaked in rice ditches with dried rape stalks. When rape stalks are sweet and fragrant, loaches can easily gather when they smell them, and then they can be fished out of the ridge.
6 transportation
Most loaches are sold fresh, and improper transportation can easily lead to death and loss. It can be transported by bamboo rafts, each with 25 kilograms of loach. When shipping, put a plastic film on the bottom of the bamboo raft, add 2 ~ 2.5 kilograms of water, and then put in the live loach. During transportation, add 1 times of water every 1.5h to ensure the freshness of loach.
Cage catching: A more effective way to catch loach is to catch it in a whisker cage or eel cage. Tentacle cage is a special tool for fishing loach, similar to eel cage. It is made of bamboo strips, about 30 cm long and about 10 cm in diameter. One end of the funnel is conical, accounting for 1/3 of the total length, and the diameter of the funnel is 2 ~ 3 cm. The inside of the beard cage is made of polyethylene cloth into a bag with the same shape, and the mouth of the bag is pierced with a belt. There is no polyethylene cloth in the eel cage. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus can be caught in cages in seasons other than winter dormancy, but the fishing effect is better when the water temperature is 18 ~ 30℃. When fishing loach, first put delicious and fragrant fish balls, bait balls made of fried rice bran and wheat bran, or cooked fish, meat and bones, etc. In the beard cage and eel cage, put the cage into the bottom of the pool, wait for about 1 hour, and then pull the cage to harvest once. When pulling the beard cage, the mouth of the bag should be sealed to prevent the loach from escaping, then the tail of the bag should be untied and the loach should be poured into the container. If you don't eat the day before homework, it will be better to eat fish at night. In this fishing method, 10 ~ 20 cages or eel cages are put in an acre of pond, and after a few nights, the fishing rate can reach 60 ~ 80%. In addition, the swimming habit of loach can also be used to catch loach with whiskers and eel cages. When fishing, you don't need to put bait in the cage. The cage is laid at the water inlet, and the cage mouth is in the direction of water flow, so that the loach will swim into the cage and be caught when it returns to the water. Generally, the loach is harvested once every half hour to 1 hour, and the loach is taken out and re-caged.