1, land selection
Continuous cropping should be avoided when planting broad beans. You can choose wheat, rice and corn rotation, but you can't grow broad beans continuously.
The agricultural proverb says that "wheat is heavier than beans", because the rhizobia of broad beans will secrete a lot of organic acids under continuous cropping, which will affect the growth and development of roots, and at the same time inhibit the self-reproduction of rhizobia and the activities of rhizosphere microorganisms, resulting in short plants of broad beans, reduced flower pods, serious pests and diseases, and obvious decline, so rotation should be implemented.
2. Choose good planting varieties
The selection of broad bean varieties is determined by the cultivation purpose. For planting crops and vegetables, green beans and large seeds should be selected, and the weight of each broad bean seed should be above 120g. If it is plant feed or green manure cultivation, we should choose small seeds with strong branching, fast growth and high yield of fresh grass (the weight of 100 seeds is below 70 grams).
3. Inoculate rhizobia
To grow broad beans well, rhizobia must be inoculated before sowing. Rhizobia can fix nitrogen in the air and provide nutrition for broad beans. Especially in plots where broad beans have not been planted, adding rhizobia can nodulate as soon as possible.
Inoculating rhizobia is to use the topsoil of broad beans and sprinkle 150 kg per mu. Secondly, 200 grams of rhizobia agent and 20 kilograms of broad bean seeds are mixed with water. The third is to use 250 grams of rhizobia fertilizer per mu, add fine soil and mix well before acupoint application.
4. Soil preparation
Most of the broad beans grown in southern China are planted in paddy fields. Generally, back ditch, side ditch and horizontal ditch are opened to drain water during the wax ripening period of rice. Before sowing, soil preparation should be carried out, with a width of 170-200 cm, a width of 33 cm and a depth of 25 cm, and then fine and flat sowing should be carried out. If you don't plow, open the box and plant the beans in a pry hole. This is the planting method adopted in my hometown.
5. Ensure the number of plants to be planted.
In order to ensure the yield of broad beans, we must ensure a certain number of basic seedlings, strive for more effective branches, more pods and more important 100 seeds. Generally, the number of basic seedlings per mu for large seeds should reach 1- 1.5 million, for medium seeds 1.4- 1.7 million and for small seeds about 20,000. Therefore, the row spacing of sowing is 40-50 cm, the hole spacing is 27-30 cm, and 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole, with few large seeds and many small ones.
6. Tian Tuan management
Mainly fertilization, broad bean rhizobia can fix nitrogen in the air and provide some nitrogen for plant growth, but one-third of the nitrogen must be absorbed from the soil, so fertilization should be good, generally 500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu.
Drought resistance can be combined with broad bean growth period, and 500 kilograms of manure can be applied per mu. In the future, according to the growth and actual situation of broad bean, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be supplemented appropriately, which is beneficial to improve the number of pods and grain weight.